Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Monitoring podzemnih voda na području plavnih šuma
No full textThe Danube is a natural habitat for a diverse range of flora and fauna, and its floodplain forests provide numerous ecosystem services that directly contribute to an improved quality of life for people. The dominant tree species in the river's floodplain areas are willow, poplar, and alder. These forests play a crucial role in water filtration, shoreline protection from erosion, and carbon storage. Continuous monitoring of groundwater is essential for preserving this resource. The goal is to monitor groundwater level fluctuations to influence the selection of silviculture and management measures based on the results of long-term research, and to implement planned activities in forest management. In the "Apatinski rit" management unit, it is recommended to establish a network of piezometers
The cultural landscape: semiotic research
No full textU radu se polazi od tumačenja pojma kulturni predeo, kao i tumačenja opšteg pojma predeo, što zavisi od konteksta u kojem se proces odvija. Kao pojavna antiteza prirodnom
predelu, a kao terminološka odrednica prostorne i vremenske interakcije prirode
i čoveka, kulturni predeo se konceptualizuje u okvirima naučnih oblasti koje se bave
istraživanjem materijalnih i nematerijalnih vrednosti u prostoru. Prikupljena i
analizirana iskustva pokazuju da tradicionalno dihotoman istraživački pristup
definisanju vrednosti u predelu (prirodni vs. kulturni predeli), kao i aspekt njihove
zaštite, evoluira u holistički-geštaltni pristup koji je početkom 21. veka promovisan
i Evropskom konvencijom o predelu (European Landscape Convention, CoE, Florence, Italy,
2000). U savremenoj teoriji i evropskoj praksi planiranja i zaštite prostora, koncept
kulturnog predela se pojavljuje u dimenziji holističkog entiteta , koji u vremenu globalizacije treba sačuvati i razvijati u skladu s njegovim regionalnim i lokalnim
identitetom (karakterom). Postavljaju se pitanja: zašto je važno čitati znakove koji
nastaju u procesima dugog trajanja kulturnih predela, ko učestvuje u njihovom otkrivanju
i tumačenju, odnosno kakav metodološki pristup treba primeniti u procesu planiranja
i zaštite prostora ne bi li uspeli da sačuvamo njihov karakter (identitet)
Lipid Biomarkers in Urban Soils of the Alluvial Area near Sava River, Belgrade, Serbia
No full textThis study focused on the investigation of soil samples from the alluvial zone of the Sava River, located near the heating plant in New Belgrade, Serbia. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), a broad range of alkanes, including linear n-alkanes (C10 to C33) and isoprenoids, was analyzed in all samples. The obtained datasets were effectively made simpler by applying multivariate statistical analysis. Various geochemical indices (CPI, ACL, AI, TAR, etc.) and ratios (S/L, Paq, Pwax, etc.) were calculated and used to distinguish between biogenic and anthropogenic contributions. This approach added a higher level of precision to the source identification of hydrocarbons and provided a detailed geochemical characterization of the investigated soil. The results showed that the topsoil had a high content of TPH (average value, 90.65 mg kg−1), potentially related to an accidental oil spill that occurred repeatedly over extended periods. The uncommon n-alkane profiles reported for the investigated soil samples are probably the result of inputs related to anthropogenic sources, emphasizing that petroleum was the main source of the short-chain n-alkanes. The methodology developed in this study was proven to be efficient for the assessment of the environmental quality of the soil in an urban part of New Belgrade, but it can also be a useful tool for soil monitoring and for a pollution assessment in other (sub)urban areas
Microclimate Shifts and Leaf Miner Community Responses to Shelterwood Regeneration in Sessile Oak Forests
No full text: For forests to provide ecosystem services and function optimally, they need to
be managed. Forest management measures can cause significant environmental changes,
which sometimes appear extreme. The most notable disturbance caused by forest regeneration is the change in canopy cover. Alteration of the canopy cover is followed by the
modifications of many microclimatic factors. These changes subsequently affect all the
living organisms in the forest. The present study was conducted to determine how the
changes caused by modifications of canopy closure by shelterwood regeneration affect the
leaf-mining insect community on sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). We identified
that the removal of the canopy significantly affects the microclimate, vegetation, and the
leaf miner community. The insolation and temperature increased in the more open areas,
while relative air humidity decreased. This affects the characteristics of the young oak
plants, which grow taller and produce more leaves in the open-canopy areas. All these
changes consequentially affect the leaf miner community. While the species richness and
abundance per tree increased with the decrease in canopy closure, the species richness
and abundance per leaf decreased. The opening of the canopy positively affected the leaf
miners in the end by increasing the diversity and evenness of their community
The influence of tanninon the improvement of adhesiveproperties of urea-formaldehyde resin
No full textThe aim of this study was to examine the properties of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive with the addition of tannin, in order to determine whether it is possible to obtain so-called, bio-adhesives for wood with better mechanical properties comparedto commercial UF. Tannin-based UF resins, with four different concentrations of tannin (5, 10, 15, and 20%), were prepared, and adhesive properties were tested and compared with properties of pure UF. Testing of tensile shear strength showed that the addition of tannin in UF adhesive formulation significantly increases its performance compared to pure UF adhesive. It was found that tensile shear strength increased with increasing concentration of tannin, while UF-tannin adhesives with tannin concentrationsof 15% and 20% showed higher tensile shear strength than the corresponding pure UF adhesive. Therefore, it can be concluded that tannin-based UF adhesive can be a good candidate for application as an environmentally-friendly wood adhesive due to improvement in terms of adhesive and mechanical properties
Indigofera heterantha Wall. ex Brandis – a new exotic species in Serbia
No full textThe paper describes the differential characteristics of Indigofera heterantha
Wall. ex Brandis, in a location in Belgrade, for which, to our knowledge, there is no
prior experience or data available in Serbia. The collected data on the quantitative
properties of leaves, inflorescences, flowers, and fruits were processed through
biometric analysis. Since the Indigo Himalayan is located in close proximity, an
integrative approach using phenological patterns and climatic predictors allowed for
comparison and drawing conclusions about this yet unrecorded exotic species in the
flora of Serbia. During the warmest year of 2024, new growth and leafing were
observed in September and October, and the flowering phenophase was extended
until November. Based on the results, the Indigo Himalayan stands out as an
adaptive, fast-growing shrub species in the altered moderately continental climate
conditions of Serbia, confirming that alien species tolerate these fluctuations.
Therefore, it is proposed that indigenous and sustainable alien plants should be used
in the design of urban semi-natural and new open spaces. This study serves as a
starting point for further research aimed at better understanding the state of diversity
in urban dendroflora and the role of Indigo Himalayan in landscape design. Species
diversity plays a key role in providing ecosystem services and stability, and urban
environments can support a high diversity of shrub dendroflora
Contribution to methods and techniques of scientific research: research team - concept, formation, work and management
No full textSavremena naučna istraživanja, zbog broja uključenih disciplina, po pravilu zahtevaju veći broj istraživača za uspešno rešavanje istraživačkih zadataka. U tom smislu, neophodno je formirati istraživački tim i obezbediti njegov kvalitetan rad (kadrovi, organizacija, tehnička i finansijska sredstva). Zbog toga je važno upoznati se sa pojmom tima, karakteristikama i vrstama timova, a posebno istraživačkim timom. Uz to, važno je znati i kako se takav tim formira, kako radi i kako se njegovim radom upravlja. Istraživački timovi su specifični, jer se sve aktivnosti obavljaju prema naučno-istraživačkom projektu, forma u kojoj će se isporučiti rezultati istraživanja je unapred definisana i u ugovoru sa naručiocem (finansijerom) projekta eksplicitno navedena, većina članova tima pripada kategoriji naučno-istraživačkih kadrova, potrebno je angažovati više naučnih i stručnih disciplina na obavljanju zadataka, struktura tima uslovljena je brojem naučnih i stručnih disciplina, položaj članova timu zavisi više od naučnih i stručnih zahteva istraživanja (u manjoj meri od hijerarhijskih odnosa), rukovođenje istraživačkim timom zahteva naučno-stručne, organizaciono-tehničke i ekonomsko-finansijske sposobnosti, a članovi tima, tokom zajedničkog rada, uspostavljaju poseban vid međusobnih odnosa koji pomaže da se zadaci uspešno obav
Silicon enhances carbon bio-sequestration in wheat under elevated CO₂
No full textAtmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most significant greenhouse gas contributing to globalwarming. According to high-emission scenarios, CO₂ concentrations may exceed 1000 ppm by 2100 and rise above 2000 ppm by 2250. Carbon (C) occluded within phytoliths (PhytOC) is highly resistant to decomposition and can remain in soils for a long time. Since PhytOC originates from atmospheric CO₂ fixed through photosynthesis, it represents a potential long-term C sink. To investigate the C biosequestration potential of wheat, a hydroponic experiment was conducted under controlled environmental conditions. The study combined elevated CO₂ (eCO₂; 1000 ppm) with two silicon (Si) concentrations (0.5 mM and 1.5 mM H₄SiO₄), alongside a Si-free control. Parallel treatments were implemented at ambient CO₂ levels (aCO₂; approximately 400 ppm), using the same Si treatments. This experimental setup enabled assessment of the interactive effects of CO₂ enrichment and Si supply on wheat growth and its capacity for carbon stabilization via phytolith formation. At eCO₂, shoot dry biomass increased in all treatments, with the highest value (0.81 g plant⁻¹) recorded at 1.5 mM Si. Silicon supply enhanced total plant Si content across both CO₂ regimes. Silicon supply did not affect the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fm/Fv) indicating undisturbed photosynthetic performance. However, C concentration in shoot tissue slightly decreased with higher Si, possibly due to a dilution effect or changes in C allocation. The combination of Si addition and elevated CO₂ concentration significantly increased phytolith formation and PhytOC accumulation in wheat, whereas no detectable phytoliths were found in plants grown without Si supply. However, the C concentration in phytoliths was lower in the 1.5 mM Si treatment than in the 0.5 mM Si treatment under both aCO₂ and eCO₂ conditions. The C/N ratio in phytoliths also decreased with increasing Si supply and was consistently lower under eCO₂ compared to aCO₂. Nevertheless, the highest PhytOC content (1.15 mg plant⁻¹) was observed at eCO₂ with 1.5 mM Si, approximately 50% more than in the same Si treatment at aCO₂. These findings indicate that Si supply at elevated CO₂ levels not only enhances Si accumulation and phytolith-based C sequestration but also promotes greater biomass production and physiological performance. This highlights the potential of Si fertilisation in climate-resilient crop cultivation and long-term atmospheric CO₂ mitigation
Using Beech Timber Steaming Condensate in Wood-Based Panel Production
No full textSteaming of timber is a common pre-drying process for many hardwood species, especially beech. It is primarily used for color change but can also improve certain drying characteristics. However, the process generates large volumes of condensate, which is typically treated as wastewater, despite its potential as a valuable by-product. This study focuses on the condensate obtained during the direct steaming of beech timber, collected after 12 hours of steaming at 98 °C within a 30-hour total process. The chemical profile of the condensate was analyzed using LC-MS chromatography, along with measurement of its total phenolic and flavonoid content. Based on its chemical composition, the condensate was evaluated as a potential environmentally friendly additive in urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives used for wood-based panel (WBP) production. Panels prepared with UF resin modified by the condensate showed reduced formaldehyde emissions compared to those produced with unmodified UF resin. This improvement can be attributed to the high content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds present in the condensate. The results indicate a promising opportunity for repurposing steaming condensate as a sustainable component in adhesive systems for the wood industr
Viburnum tinus l.: Mediterranean floral element in the urban and suburban landscape of Belgrade
No full textThere is currently a lack of quantitative assessments of stress tolerance in plant species
from the Mediterranean floristic element under temperate-continental climate conditions. Such
assessments could contribute to nature-based solutions for mitigating the effects of urban heat islands
(UHI). Urban areas face multiple ecological challenges that interact with climate change, including
the intensification of the UHI effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate shifts in the flowering
phenophase of Laurustinus (Viburnum tinus L.) at three sites in Belgrade, based on the compilation
of climatic and phenological observations. The results confirmed statistically significant differences
in the day of year values, but no significant differences in the accumulated growing degree days
across phenological pattern elements between locations. This confirms a causal relationship between
vegetation development and air temperature and the UHI effect. In conclusion, the findings highlight
the importance of these results in the context of expected global warming and the prediction of species
tolerance. Research into flowering phenological patterns in urban and suburban landscapes holds
both theoretical and practical relevance. Specifically, the results provide a valuable foundation for
landscape planning and design that must adapt to changing dynamics in order to ensure the continued
provision of ecosystem services