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Результаты мониторинга промысла камбалы-калкан азовской (Psetta maeotica torosus Pallas) в первом полугодии 2023 г.
No full textThis article summarizes the data collected during the fishing of the Azov turbot in the five-kilometer coastal area of the Azov Sea in the first half of 2023. At present, the environmental conditions here are favorable for turbot reproduction and development. Turbot stock reached 2.9 thousand tons, which allowed for its successful exploitation.В данной статье обобщены сведения, полученные на промысле камбалы-калкан азовской в пятикилометровой прибрежной зоне Азовского моря в первом полугодии 2023 г. В настоящий период условия среды в море благоприятны для размножения и развития камбалы калкан. Запас калкана достиг 2,9 тыс. т, что позволило провести полномасштабный промысел.PublishedNon Referee
Dichotomous key for preliminary identification of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa species reported in the Caribbean region 1
No full textLos géneros de dinoflagelados bentónicos Gambierdiscus y Fukuyoa están entre los agentes causales de la ciguatera, intoxicación causada por el consumo de invertebrados y peces contaminados con ciguatoxinas. Debido a las similitudes morfológicas que presentan las especies pertenecientes a estos géneros, su identificación requiere del uso combinado de técnicas de microscopía y moleculares. Sin embargo, estas metodologías son poco accesibles para muchos países con limitados recursos económicos, donde lo más común es disponer en la práctica de la microscopía óptica. Este trabajo propone una clave dicotómica para la identificación preliminar de las especies de Gambierdiscus y Fukuyoa reportadas en la región del Caribe, utilizando caracteres morfológicos visibles al microscopio óptico convencional. La clave propuesta permite emplear un número limitado de caracteres morfológicos, lo cual fue posible al incluir pocas especies en el análisis.Benthic dinoflagellate genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa are among the causative agents of ciguatera poisoning, intoxication caused by the consumption of invertebrates and fish contaminated with ciguatoxins. Due to the morphological similarities that the species of these genera present, their identification requires the combined use of microscopy and molecular techniques. However, these methodologies are not always accessible to many countries with limited economic resources, where the most common is to have optical microscopy. This work proposes a dichotomous key for preliminary identification of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa species reported in the Caribbean region, using morphological characters visible under a conventional light microscope. The proposed key allows the use of a limited number of morphological characters, which is possible because there are few species in the analysis.PublishedReferee
Показатели флуктуирующей асимметрии сейсмосенсорных каналов головы у плотвы Rutilus rutilus (L.) из средних рек Удмуртии с разным уровнем химического загрязнения
No full textIn the middle rivers of the Udmurt Republic, fish were caught near the sampling stations for the state environmental monitoring. The fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of the pore number of the seismosensory canals in the dermal head bones of the roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), which prevailed in the catches, was estimated using osteological analysis. Its indicators in the roach individuals caught in the different river sections have been collated with the values of specific combinatorial water pollution index (SCWPI) of the examined sections and with the average concentrations of some pollutants in water in late spring and early summer for the several years preceding the years of catching. A statistically significant trend for the increase in the FA variance (Sas2), calculated on the basis of the total number of pores in the head seismosensory system of the roach, with the increase in the SCWPI and the content of some anions (chlorides, nitrites, nitrates) in the river water of its habitats has been identified. The highest Sas2 was observed in the roach individuals caught in the Izh River dowstream from Izhevsk in the environment, severely polluted by municipal wastewater, while the lowest one was recorded in the Kilmez River, the least polluted by wastewaters. No significant relationships between the FA indicators in this fish species and the content of heavy metals or other pollutants in the middle rivers of Udmurtia have been revealed. These results are considered to be attributable to a decrease in stability of morphogenesis in the fish organisms that developed under non-optimal (stressful) hydrochemical conditions.В средних реках Удмуртской Республики на участках, расположенных вблизи контрольных створов государственного экологического мониторинга, произведены отловы рыб. У плотвы Rutilus rutilus (L.), преобладающей в уловах, оценены показатели флуктуирующей асимметрии (ФА) числа отверстий сейсмосенсорных каналов, проходящих в покровных костях головы, посредством остеологического анализа. Эти показатели у особей рыб, отловленных на разных участках рек, сопоставлены с величинами удельного комбинаторного индекса загрязнения воды (УКИЗВ) рассматриваемых участков и средними водными концентрациями ряда загрязняющих веществ в конце весны и начале лета за несколько лет, предшествовавших годам их отлова. Отмечена статистически значимая тенденция увеличения дисперсии ФА (Sas2), рассчитанной на основе суммарного числа отверстий в сейсмосенсорных каналах головы у плотвы, с повышением УКИЗВ и содержания некоторых анионов (хлоридов, нитритов, нитратов) в речной воде в местах ее обитания. Максимальные значения Sas2 зарегистрированы у плотвы, отловленной в р. Иж ниже г. Ижевска в условиях сильного загрязнения рассматриваемого речного участка городскими коммунально-бытовыми сточными водами, минимальные — в р. Кильмезь, наименее загрязненной антропогенными стоками. Значимых связей показателей ФА этого вида рыб с содержанием в воде средних рек Удмуртии тяжелых металлов или других загрязняющих веществ не выявлено. Полученные результаты рассмотрены как последствия снижения стабильности морфогенеза у организмов рыб, развивавшихся в неоптимальных (стрессовых) гидрохимических условиях.PublishedReferee
International migration of refugee family fisheries under the effect of coastal erosion and maritime submersion in Saint-Louis (Senegal)
No full textThis paper examines the ecological and environmental determinants of international migration and internal displacement of artisanal fishers in Saint-Louis, Senegal. The results obtained support the idea that climate change, by inducing warming, ocean acidification and disruption of the reproductive cycles of fish species, has contributed to the scarcity of th ese species and the impoverishment of artisanal fishermen in Saint-Louis. To adapt and without abandoning the traditional fishing activity, some fishermen emigrate to neighboring countries such as Mauritania and Gambia where they hope for a more profitable fishery, while others, displaced to resettlement sites such as Djougop because of coastal erosion, opt for illegal emigration to Spain despite the Covid-19 pandemic that is raging in the world. If this option does not scare the artisanal fisherman who is used to long sea crossings, it makes sense in the quest for a home and a socio-professional «comfort» torn by the nibbling swells.PublishedReferee
Пестициды современных классов в воде и донных отложениях Веселовского, Пролетарского и Краснодарского водохранилищ
No full textVeselovsky, Proletarsky and Krasnodar Reservoirs are located in the area, extensively used for various agricultural purposes. This industry requires the use of means to protect cultivated plants from pests. When land is treated with pesticides, these substances can enter water bodies of fisheries importance through the air and soil, accumulate in bottom sediments and have a negative impact on the vital functions of hydrobionts. Using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 20 active ingredients (AI) of pesticides of modern classes that are used in agriculture of the region and the half-life of which can exceed six months have been investigated. In preparation for chromatography, pesticides were extracted from the samples of water and bottom sediments with dichloromethane, followed by drying and purification of the extracts. It has been established that the concentrations of pesticide AIs in the aquatic living environment of the investigated reservoirs are more than an order of magnitude lower than the established maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs).Веселовское, Пролетарское и Краснодарское водохранилища расположены в регионах с интенсивной и разнообразной сельскохозяйственной деятельностью. Применение средств защиты культурных растений от вредителей является обязательным условием в данном виде производства. При обработке земель пестицидами эти вещества через воздух и почву могут попасть в водоемы рыбохозяйственного назначения, осесть в донных отложениях и оказать негативное влияние на жизнедеятельность гидробионтов. Методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ) определяли 20 используемых в сельском хозяйстве региона действующих веществ (ДВ) пестицидов современных классов, период полураспада которых может превышать полгода. Для подготовки к хроматографии проводили экстракцию ДВ пестицидов из проб воды и донных отложений дихлорметаном с последующим осушением и очисткой экстрактов. Установлено, что концентрации ДВ пестицидов в среде обитания гидробионтов исследованных водоемов более чем на порядок ниже установленных предельно допустимых концентраций (ПДК).PublishedNon Referee
The marine invasive species Unomia stolonifera (Gohar, 1938) (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) in Cuba. Actions for its control and elimination
No full textSe señala la presencia en Cuba de la especie marina invasora Unomia stolonifera, introducida en Venezuela, de donde debe haber llegado a Cuba. Esta especie representa un peligro para los arrecifes coralinos de Cuba y del resto del Mar Caribe. Se describen las acciones realizadas para su erradicación.The presence in Cuba of the invasive marine species Unomia stolonifera, introduced in Venezuela, from where it maybe has arrived in Cuba and which represents a danger to the coral reefs of Cuba and the rest of the Caribbean Sea, is noted. The actions carried out for its eradication are described.PublishedReferee
Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre.
No full textThe Southern Ocean is a major sink of anthropogenic CO2 and an important foraging area for top trophic level consumers. However, iron limitation sets an upper limit to primary productivity. Here we report on a considerably dense late summer phytoplankton bloom spanning 9000 km2 in the open ocean of the eastern Weddell Gyre. Over its 2.5 months duration, the bloom accumulated up to 20 g C m−2 of organic matter, which is unusually high for Southern Ocean open waters. We show that, over 1997–2019, this open ocean bloom was likely driven by anomalies in easterly winds that push sea ice southwards and favor the upwelling of Warm Deep Water enriched in hydrothermal iron and, possibly, other iron sources. This recurring open ocean bloom likely facilitates enhanced carbon export and sustains high standing stocks of Antarctic krill, supporting feeding hot spots for marine birds and baleen whales.Challenge 4. 9PublishedReferee
Transport inventories and exchanges of organic matter throughout the St. Lawrence Estuary continuum (Canada)
No full textHypoxia (O2 < 2 mg/L) driven by eutrophication in estuaries and shelves is a worldwide expanding problem. The role of organic matter (OM) inputs is emerging as an important contributor to this issue, beside the well-known implication of inorganic nutrients. The St. Lawrence Estuary, one of the largest and deepest estuarine system in the world is facing strong persistent and increasing hypoxia. In this context, transport and exchange of particulate and dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM, respectively) were investigated as a first step to understand their implication in hypoxia. Tributaries and Gulf contributions were compared to St. Lawrence Estuary inventories for the spring freshet (May), the summer low-flow (August), and the fall-mixing (October). Furthermore, changes in OM ratios were examined along the estuarine gradient from the upper St. Lawrence Estuary (USLE), downstream of the maximum turbidity zone, to the lower estuary (LSLE). For the USLE, net transport was always positive and net export/loading ratios suggested that 64–90% of POM and 30–63% of DOM were either retained or transformed during its course from tributaries to LSLE. Net transport from the USLE toward the LSLE was 3–13 fold more important in May than in August or October. For the LSLE, net transport to the Gulf was generally negative meaning that OM production was the dominating proces. The extremely high net export/loading ratios in August indicate that POM production was 28.8 to 41.4 times the combined inputs of tributaries and Gulf. Net export/loading ratios remained superior to one during May and October (1.7–9.4) for the LSLE. Changes along the upstream–downstream continuum were seen for POM, with a steady increase relative to total suspended matter from 7.3% to 50.2%, but they were not observed for DOM, for which no obvious trends were detected. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly considering OM in eutrophication monitoring programs of the St. Lawrence Estuary, as the mineralisation of a portion of the large OM pool size could influence our understanding of hypoxia and acidification of the deep waters of LSLE.PublishedReferee
5 Passos para Incentivar a Cultura Oceânica nas Escolas
No full textO OCEANO QUE PRECISAMOS PARA O FUTURO QUE QUEREMOS Este é o slogan usado pelas Nações Unidas (ONU) para sensibilização em campanha da Década da ONU de Ciência Oceânica para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, também co- nhecida como Década do Oceano. Você já ou- viu falar? A Década foi declarada pelas Nações Unidas em 2017 e está sendo implementada de 2021 até 2030, com o objetivo de ser um período que deixe o assunto sempre em evidência, ga- rantindo que a ciência oceânica possa apoiar os países na implementação da Agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Sabe quando os profissionais da escola se únem antes do início das aulas (o famoso pla- nejamento anual), para fazer uma espécie de intensivão para alinhar as metas, estratégias e “deixar a casa em ordem”? É basicamente para isso que foi instituída a Década do Oceano, resumindo de forma bem simples. É um jeito simbólico de incentivar que toda a sociedade se una, durante dez anos, para promover a conservação do oceano e a gestão dos recursos naturais de zonas costeiras. Dessa forma, o planeta pode atingir os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). À primeira vista, isso tudo pode parecer um tema muito complexo e de competência ape- nas de governos e cúpulas internacionais. Mas, enquanto as decisões são tomadas em escala global, é no local, na nossa prática, que as ações tomam vida. As pequenas ações do cotidiano podem fazer uma grande diferença, especialmente quando falamos do ambien- te escolar, um dos espaços mais importantes para formar gerações de cidadãos e transfor- mar o mundo em um lugar melhor, não acha? Este ebook traz, resumidamente, um guia dos primeiros passos a se dar para incentivar a cul- tura oceânica na sua escola, dando uma mão para você e sua comunidade fazerem parte desse movimento.Publishe
Marvin, the ocean's friend.
No full textOlá! Você sabia que o oceano é imenso? Que somente20% das espécies foram identificadas? Que a maior partedo oxigênio é produzido lá? Quanta informação, não é?! Oque sabemos atualmente é que muitas ações humanas sãoresponsáveis pelo desequilíbrio que ocorre nesse ambiente,e um movimento chamado Cultura Oceânica chega paratrazer mais informação e sensibilização às pessoas,principalmente a crianças e a adolescentes, que cuidarãodeste planeta. Nosso protótipo baseia-se em um livrochamado Marvin, o amigo do oceano, composto poratividades voltadas à Cultura Oceânica e ao PensamentoComputacional (PC), que é justamente uma metodologia deresolução de problemas. Estas atividades colocarão emprática os quatro pilares do PC: algoritmo, abstração,reconhecimento de padrão e decomposição, para auxiliarnosso personagem a resolver os problemas quecomprometem o ambiente marinho.. ENGLISH === Hello! Did you know that the ocean is immense? That only 20% of species have been identified? That most of the oxygen is produced there? It's a lot of information, isn't it?! What we currently know, is that many human actions can negatively impact this environment. A movement called Ocean Literacy is here to bring more information and awareness to people, especially children and teenagers,who will take care of this planet. Our prototype is based on a book called "Marvin, the Ocean's Friend," composed of activities focused on Ocean Literacy and Computational Thinking (CT), which is precisely a problem-solving methodology. These activities will put into practice the four pillars of CT: algorithm, abstraction, pattern recognition, and decomposition, helping our character to solve the problems that affect the marine environment.+ Challenge 2, 10PublishedReferee