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Current Status of Cuban coastal fin fishes: 1970-2020.
No full textExiste una necesidad urgente de evaluar el estado de las poblaciones de peces de aguas costeras tropicales, donde la pesca se realiza sobre cientos de especies diferentes que viven en ecosistemas diversos y complejos. Utilizando un método basado en las capturas, originalmente empleado por la FAO para evaluar el estado de las pesquerías mundiales, este trabajo analiza el estado de las pesquerías de peces costeros de Cuba. El análisis de las series de capturas de 15 especies y grupos seleccionados, que se extiende por 50 años, muestra un pico máximo en 1975 y luego un decrecimiento significativo de las capturas (R2 = 0.7811). La evolución de cada fase de desarrollo de las pesquerías, utilizando dos criterios diferentes: el porcentaje del número de recursos en cada fase y el porcentaje de las capturas de cada recurso que se encuentra en cada fase, muestra el continuado incremento en la proporción de recursos plenamente explotados, sobreexplotados y colapsados, y atestigua la rapidez con que casi todos han llegado a sus límites máximos de explotación, con un decrecimiento total de un 47 %, que equivale a recursos plenamente explotados aunque próximos a la sobreexplotación. Como promedio, las capturas de todas las especies y grupos muestran una declinación próxima al 50 % y una tasa anual de declinación del 1.1 % anual. A pesar de los sesgos potenciales de utilizar solamente datos de captura, el elevado número de especies involucradas en la pesca comercial, la larga serie de datos y la metodología utilizada, proporcionan una información valiosa para los administradores pesqueros.There is an urgent need to assess the status of fisheries in tropical waters, where fishing has targeted hundreds of species in complex ecosystems. Using a catch-based method, originally described by FAO to assess the status of global fisheries; the present study provides an assessment of most important species of Cuban coastal fishes. The analysis of a 50-year series of catch data, covering the 15 most important species and groups, shows a maximum peak in 1975 and after that, a highly significant decline of the catches (R2 = 0.7811). Using two different approaches to assess the declines, the percentage of stock numbers and the percentage of catches extracted from stocks of a given status, the evolution of the fisheries shows the continuous increase in the fraction of fully exploited, overexploited and collapsed stocks and testifies the rapidity than fishery resources reached its maximum level of exploitation, with an overall decrease of 47 %. This figure is equivalent to fully exploited resources, though they are very close to be overexploited. As an average, all species and groups show a decline close to 50 % and the annual rate of decline is high, of 1.1%. Despite the potential biases of using catch data, the large number of species involved in this analysis, the long data-series and the methodology being used, provides valuable information for fishery managers.PublishedReferee
Illustrated keys for the classification of the Cuban marine and estuarine crabs (Malacostraca: Brachyura) IV.
No full textSe presenta la cuarta parte de las claves ilustradas para la clasificación de los cangrejos bra- quiuros (Crustacea, Brachyura) de Cuba. Se incluyen las claves y figuras originales de las especies pertenecientes a la Section Eubrachyura, Subsection Heterosomata (final) para la clasificación de las familias Domeciidae (un género y una especie); Panopeidae (10 géneros y 18 especies); Linnaeoxanthidae (un género y una especie); Pseudorhombilidae (11 géne- ros y 16 especies) y Xanthidae (17 géneros y 19 especies), citadas para Cuba.The fourth part of the illustrated keys for the classification of the brachyuran crabs (Crus- tacea, Brachyura) of Cuba is presented. The keys and original figures of the species belon- ging to the Section Eubrachyura, Subsection Heterosomata (final) for the classification of the families Domeciidae (1genus and 1 species); Panopeidae (10 genera and 18 species); Linnaeoxanthidae (un género y una especie); Pseudorhombilidae (11 genera and 16 spe- cies) and Xanthidae (17 genera and 19 species) cited for Cuba, are included.PublishedReferee
Proceedings of the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research 49th SCOR Annual Meeting, Volume 59, 2023
No full textThis proceeding summarizes the discussions during the 49th SCOR Annual Meeting held in Guayaquil, Ecuador, 17-19 October 2023. This proceeding also provides information from and links to the background information submitted for review at the meeting, including the proposals for new working groups and the reports from current SCOR working groups, projects, capacity development activities, and affiliated and partner organizations, all of which were traditionally included in the SCOR Annual Meeting background book until 2019. All of these can also be accessed online through the SCOR website at: https://scor-int.org/events/scor-2023-annual-meeting/.PublishedNon Referee
Sharks and rays at Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Lampulo, Banda Aceh, Indonesia: Morphometric characteristics and differentiators based on multivariate analysis
No full textTropical marine environments are abundant and diverse; therefore, shark and ray research at fishing port PPS Lampulo, Banda Aceh City was carried out focusing on morphometric characteristics and differences based on multivariate analysis in July 2020 to identify sharks and rays that landed at fishing port PPS Lampulo, Banda Aceh City and determine their primary characteristics. The shark and ray samples used were from the Indian Ocean and the Malacca Strait and measured total length (TL), fork length (FL), and standard length (SL) for sharks and disc width (DW), TL, and disc length (DL) for rays. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were performed on the morphometric data. The PCA analysis revealed that sharks and rays caught in Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Lampulo, Banda Aceh City, can be divided into two distinct groups. The first group of sharks consists of species with large FL and SL morphometrics, namely P. kamoharai, C. plumbeus, P. glauca, and A. superciliosus. The second group of sharks consists of species with large TL morphometrics, specifically A. pelagicus and C. plumbeus. For the ray group, the first group comprises species with large TL and DW morphometrics, represented by A. ocellatus. The second group of rays consists of species with large DL morphometrics, namely P. sephen and H. jenkinsii. The results of DA revealed distinct differences in the size of sharks caught in the Indian Ocean and the Strait of Malacca, specifically in PPS Lampulo, Banda Aceh City. However, no significant differences in size were observed for the rays, regardless of whether their size was measured using DW, TL, or DL.PublishedReferee
Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre.
No full textThe Southern Ocean is a major sink of anthropogenic CO2 and an important foraging area for top trophic level consumers. However, iron limitation sets an upper limit to primary productivity. Here we report on a considerably dense late summer phytoplankton bloom spanning 9000 km2 in the open ocean of the eastern Weddell Gyre. Over its 2.5 months duration, the bloom accumulated up to 20 g C m−2 of organic matter, which is unusually high for Southern Ocean open waters. We show that, over 1997–2019, this open ocean bloom was likely driven by anomalies in easterly winds that push sea ice southwards and favor the upwelling of Warm Deep Water enriched in hydrothermal iron and, possibly, other iron sources. This recurring open ocean bloom likely facilitates enhanced carbon export and sustains high standing stocks of Antarctic krill, supporting feeding hot spots for marine birds and baleen whales.Challenge 4. 9PublishedReferee
Transport inventories and exchanges of organic matter throughout the St. Lawrence Estuary continuum (Canada)
No full textHypoxia (O2 < 2 mg/L) driven by eutrophication in estuaries and shelves is a worldwide expanding problem. The role of organic matter (OM) inputs is emerging as an important contributor to this issue, beside the well-known implication of inorganic nutrients. The St. Lawrence Estuary, one of the largest and deepest estuarine system in the world is facing strong persistent and increasing hypoxia. In this context, transport and exchange of particulate and dissolved organic matter (POM and DOM, respectively) were investigated as a first step to understand their implication in hypoxia. Tributaries and Gulf contributions were compared to St. Lawrence Estuary inventories for the spring freshet (May), the summer low-flow (August), and the fall-mixing (October). Furthermore, changes in OM ratios were examined along the estuarine gradient from the upper St. Lawrence Estuary (USLE), downstream of the maximum turbidity zone, to the lower estuary (LSLE). For the USLE, net transport was always positive and net export/loading ratios suggested that 64–90% of POM and 30–63% of DOM were either retained or transformed during its course from tributaries to LSLE. Net transport from the USLE toward the LSLE was 3–13 fold more important in May than in August or October. For the LSLE, net transport to the Gulf was generally negative meaning that OM production was the dominating proces. The extremely high net export/loading ratios in August indicate that POM production was 28.8 to 41.4 times the combined inputs of tributaries and Gulf. Net export/loading ratios remained superior to one during May and October (1.7–9.4) for the LSLE. Changes along the upstream–downstream continuum were seen for POM, with a steady increase relative to total suspended matter from 7.3% to 50.2%, but they were not observed for DOM, for which no obvious trends were detected. Our results highlight the importance of explicitly considering OM in eutrophication monitoring programs of the St. Lawrence Estuary, as the mineralisation of a portion of the large OM pool size could influence our understanding of hypoxia and acidification of the deep waters of LSLE.PublishedReferee
5 Passos para Incentivar a Cultura Oceânica nas Escolas
No full textO OCEANO QUE PRECISAMOS PARA O FUTURO QUE QUEREMOS Este é o slogan usado pelas Nações Unidas (ONU) para sensibilização em campanha da Década da ONU de Ciência Oceânica para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, também co- nhecida como Década do Oceano. Você já ou- viu falar? A Década foi declarada pelas Nações Unidas em 2017 e está sendo implementada de 2021 até 2030, com o objetivo de ser um período que deixe o assunto sempre em evidência, ga- rantindo que a ciência oceânica possa apoiar os países na implementação da Agenda 2030 para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Sabe quando os profissionais da escola se únem antes do início das aulas (o famoso pla- nejamento anual), para fazer uma espécie de intensivão para alinhar as metas, estratégias e “deixar a casa em ordem”? É basicamente para isso que foi instituída a Década do Oceano, resumindo de forma bem simples. É um jeito simbólico de incentivar que toda a sociedade se una, durante dez anos, para promover a conservação do oceano e a gestão dos recursos naturais de zonas costeiras. Dessa forma, o planeta pode atingir os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). À primeira vista, isso tudo pode parecer um tema muito complexo e de competência ape- nas de governos e cúpulas internacionais. Mas, enquanto as decisões são tomadas em escala global, é no local, na nossa prática, que as ações tomam vida. As pequenas ações do cotidiano podem fazer uma grande diferença, especialmente quando falamos do ambien- te escolar, um dos espaços mais importantes para formar gerações de cidadãos e transfor- mar o mundo em um lugar melhor, não acha? Este ebook traz, resumidamente, um guia dos primeiros passos a se dar para incentivar a cul- tura oceânica na sua escola, dando uma mão para você e sua comunidade fazerem parte desse movimento.Publishe
Marvin, the ocean's friend.
No full textOlá! Você sabia que o oceano é imenso? Que somente20% das espécies foram identificadas? Que a maior partedo oxigênio é produzido lá? Quanta informação, não é?! Oque sabemos atualmente é que muitas ações humanas sãoresponsáveis pelo desequilíbrio que ocorre nesse ambiente,e um movimento chamado Cultura Oceânica chega paratrazer mais informação e sensibilização às pessoas,principalmente a crianças e a adolescentes, que cuidarãodeste planeta. Nosso protótipo baseia-se em um livrochamado Marvin, o amigo do oceano, composto poratividades voltadas à Cultura Oceânica e ao PensamentoComputacional (PC), que é justamente uma metodologia deresolução de problemas. Estas atividades colocarão emprática os quatro pilares do PC: algoritmo, abstração,reconhecimento de padrão e decomposição, para auxiliarnosso personagem a resolver os problemas quecomprometem o ambiente marinho.. ENGLISH === Hello! Did you know that the ocean is immense? That only 20% of species have been identified? That most of the oxygen is produced there? It's a lot of information, isn't it?! What we currently know, is that many human actions can negatively impact this environment. A movement called Ocean Literacy is here to bring more information and awareness to people, especially children and teenagers,who will take care of this planet. Our prototype is based on a book called "Marvin, the Ocean's Friend," composed of activities focused on Ocean Literacy and Computational Thinking (CT), which is precisely a problem-solving methodology. These activities will put into practice the four pillars of CT: algorithm, abstraction, pattern recognition, and decomposition, helping our character to solve the problems that affect the marine environment.+ Challenge 2, 10PublishedReferee
Factors responsible for the variation in Beta diversity components in the fish assemblage in headwater streams.
No full textFish assemblage composition varies across time and space, and beta diversity has been a valuable tool for quantifying this variation and understanding associated mechanisms. Understanding which factors determine the action of these mechanisms is fundamental for headwater stream management and conservation projects. Therefore, was evaluated which component of total beta diversity (species replacement or difference in richness) is most representative for the fish assemblage between streams, identified the scale of effect of land use on this assemblage, and evaluated the relative influence of land use, local environment and distance between collection points on beta diversity components. The study was carried out in 12 headwater streams close to and located in the municipality of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. The percentage of land use classes was measured at 11 spatial scales, five buffers from the sampled section and six from the water network upstream of the sampled section. The data was analyzed using Redundancy Analysis based on distance and variance partition. The results showed that species replacement was the most important component for total beta diversity, with land use in buffers 100 and 500 meters from the sampled section considered the scale of effect for the variation of the components. Land use and local environmental variables were more representative for total beta diversity and richness differences and the distance between collection points for species replacement. It was concluded that land use and local environmental variables select fish species, reducing richness in urban areas, while the dispersal limit acts on species replacement. Therefore, it is suggested that management and conservation projects should be focused on land use, conserving or restoring riparian forest, which would improve the local quality of streams, mainly urban streams, which are the most altered.A composição da assembleia de peixes varia no tempo e no espaço, e a diversidade beta tem sido uma ferramenta valiosa para quantificar essa variação e compreender os mecanismos associados. Entender quais fatores determinam a atuação desses mecanismos é fundamental para projetos de manejo e conservação de riachos de cabeceira. Diante disso, avaliou-se qual componente da diversidade beta total (substituição de espécie ou diferença na riqueza) é mais representativo para a assembleia de peixes entre os riachos, identificou-se a escala de efeito do uso da terra sobre essa assembleia e avaliou-se a influência relativa da paisagem e ambiental local nos componentes da diversidade beta. O estudo foi realizado em 12 riachos de cabeceira próximos e inseridos no município de Maringá, estado do Paraná, Brasil. A porcentagem das classes de uso da terra foi mensurada em 11 escalas espaciais, cinco buffers a partir do trecho amostrado e seis a partir da rede hídrica a montante do trecho amostrado. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise de Redundância baseada em distância (dbRDA) e partição de variância. Os resultados mostraram que a substituição de espécie foi o componente mais importante para diversidade beta total, sendo o uso da terra nos buffers de 100 e 500 metros a partir do trecho amostrado considerados a escala de efeito para a variação dos componentes. O uso da terra e as variáveis ambientais locais foram mais representativos para a diversidade beta total e diferença de riqueza e a distância entre os pontos de coleta para a substituição de espécie. Conclui-se que o uso da terra e as variáveis ambientais locais selecionam as espécies de peixes, diminuindo a riqueza em áreas urbanas, enquanto que o limite de dispersão atua sobre a substituição de espécie. Portanto, sugere-se que projetos de manejo e conservação devam ser focados no uso da terra, conservando ou restaurando a floresta ripária, o que melhoraria a qualidade local dos riachos, principalmente dos urbanos, sendo estes os mais alterados.Ph
Оценка физико-химических свойств главных рек дельты Меконга и их экологическое районирование
No full textThe Mekong Delta is one of Asia's largest megadeltas. It is a region with unique biodiversity and the main food source for a large part of the population of Vietnam and Cambodia. The decrease in the biodiversity and resource capacity of the delta, associated with the growth of anthropogenic impact and other negative environmental factors, requires effort to maintain its ecosystem in a state favorable for the life of aquatic organisms, for which the first step is to organize effective monitoring of aquatic communities. Its organization must consider the complex structure of the delta and related features of the physicochemical characteristics of the habitat. The mean and interval values of the parameters were as follows: transparency was 47.7±16.4 (10–100) cm; in the surface water layer, the temperature was 29.7±1.37 (26.0–33.3) °C, electrical conductivity was 5490.4±8392.5 (133–33623) µS/cm, total dissolved solids were 3556.2±5445.8 (86.5–21853), pH was 7.6±0.3 (6.9–8.4), and dissolved oxygen was 4.8±1.05 (3.0–8.9) mg/L; in the bottom water layer, the temperature was 29.6±1.43 (26.0–34.1) °C, electrical conductivity was 7671.4±11193.2 (125–37870) µS/cm, total dissolved solids were 4905.3±7199.8 (78.0–24615.5), pH was 7.6±0.3 (6.9–8.2), and dissolved oxygen was 4.6±1.00 (2.6–7.7) mg/L. The zoning of the delta based on the knowledge of the environment makes it possible to organize the monitoring process in the most rational way. Following the results of the analysis of physicochemical parameters, the boundaries of zones with different environmental conditions that affect the formation of fish communities have been determined. The main contributing factors are salinity (3 zones), oxygen regime (3 zones), and runoff distribution (4 zones). The interrelation between the delta zoning according to the hydrochemical regime and the structural features of the fish communities at the family level has been found, which further supports the idea that such zoning must be taken into consideration when organizing monitoring surveys.Дельта реки Меконг входит в число крупнейших азиатских мегадельт, является уникальным по биоразнообразию районом и главным источником продовольствия для значительной части населения Вьетнама и Камбоджи. Снижение биоразнообразия и ресурсного потенциала дельты, связанное с ростом антропогенного воздействия и других негативных экологических факторов, требует усилий по поддержанию ее экосистемы в состоянии, благоприятном для жизни водных организмов, для чего первым шагом является организация результативного мониторинга водных сообществ, при которой необходимо учитывать сложную структуру дельты и связанные с этим особенности физико-химических характеристик среды обитания. Средние и интервальные значения параметров были следующими: прозрачность — 47,7±16,4 (10–100) см; в поверхностном слое воды температура 29,7±1,37 (26,0–33,3) °C, удельная электропроводность — 5490,4±8392,5 (133– 33623) мкСм/см, общее количество растворенных твердых веществ — 3556,2±5445,8 (86,5–21853), pH — 7,6±0,3 (6,9–8,4), растворенный кислород — 4,8±1,05 (3,0–8,9) мг/л; в придонном слое температура 29,6±1,43 (26,0–34,1) °C, удельная электропроводность — 7671,4±11193,2 (125–37870) мкСм/см, общее количество растворенных твердых веществ — 4905,3±7199,8 (78,0–24615,5), pH — 7,6±0,3 (6,9–8,2), растворенный кислород — 4,6±1,00 (2,6–7,7) мг/л. Основанное на знании особенностей окружающей среды зонирование дельты позволяет наиболее рационально организовать процесс мониторинга. По результатам анализа физико-химических параметров были определены границы зон с различными условиями среды, оказывающими влияние на формирование ихтиоценов, главными из которых являлись соленость (3 зоны), кислородный режим (3 зоны) и распределение стока (4 зоны). Установлена взаимосвязь зонирования дельты по гидрохимическому режиму и структурных особенностей ихтиоценов на уровне семейств, что подтверждает необходимость учитывать это зонирование при организации мониторинговых исследований.PublishedReferee