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Submerged cultural heritage in Colombia. Legislative historical references
No full textDesde el punto de vista jurídico, la referencia a los bienes que entran a formar parte del grupo de los denominados patrimonio cultural sumergido es relativamente reciente. Hasta hace algunos años, la legislación colombiana para referirse a los bienes que podrían integrar este segmento se remitía al Código Civil Colombiano. A partir de los años ochenta, con la noticia del posible hallazgo de uno de los galeones que transportaban las riquezas desde América hacia Europa (Galeón San José), se inicia una batalla jurídica que ha generado un interés inusitado no solo en las instituciones, sino en la ciudadanía en general. Este trabajo se enmarca en el amplio espectro de objetivos propuestos dentro del proyecto de investigación ‘Procesos de territorialización de espacios marinos en el Caribe colombiano’, entendiendo que los bienes culturales forman parte de ese intrincado espectro que constituye el manejo integrado costero, dentro del cual los factores culturales, históricos y evidentemente jurídicos juega un papel de vital importancia para el logro de un manejo armónico de tan singular espacio territorial.From the legal point of view, the reference to the assets that become part of the group of so-called “submerged cultural heritage” is relatively recent. Until a few years ago, the Colombian legislation to refer to the assets that could make up this segment was referred to the Colombian Civil Code. Starting in the eighties, with the news of the possible discovery of one of the galleons that transported the wealth from America to Europe (Galeón San José), a legal battle begins that has generated unusual interest not only in institutions, but also in the general public. This work is framed within the broad spectrum of objectives proposed within the research project “Processes of territorialization of marine spaces in the Colombian Caribbean”, understanding that cultural assets are part of that intricate spectrum that constitutes integrated coastal management, within which cultural, historical and obviously legal factors play a vital role in achieving a harmonious management of such a unique territorial space.PublishedNot Know
Analyse par CPG des acides gras des algues marines Cystoseira sauvageauana et Laurencia pinnatifida
No full textLes algues comportent des substances naturelles très prometteuses, exploitables pour la nutrition humaine, l’industrie pharmaceutique et agroalimentaire. L’Algérie possède près de 1600 km de côte, renfermant une diversité algale considérable. Une telle diversité, sousexploitée, constitue un réel potentiel pour la recherche et l’industrie. Dans la présente étude, l’accent sera mis sur la composition chimique en acides gras des algues marines Cystoseira sauvageauana et Laurencia pinnatifida collectées dans la région côtière de Tipasa. Le profil en acides gras des algues a été déterminé après avoir effectué une extraction des lipides suivie d’une estérification des acides gras et caractérisation de ces derniers par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (CPG).Les acides gras identifiés chez les deux espèces étudiées varient du C14 à C20, l'acide palmitique (C16:0) étant le composé majoritaire. En outre, l’acide arachidonique (C20:4) et l’acide eicosapentaénoïque EPA (C20:5) constituent les principaux acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI).Algae contain very promising natural substances that can be used for human nutrition, the pharmaceutical industry and food processing. Algeria has nearly 1600 km of coastline, containing a considerable algal diversity. Such diversity, which is under-exploited, constitutes a real potential for research and industry. This study will focus on the chemical composition of fatty acids of the marine algae Cystoseira sauvageauana and Laurencia pinnatifida collected in the coastal region of Tipaza. The fatty acid profile of the algae was determined after performing lipid extraction followed by esterification of the fatty acids and characterization of the latter by gas chromatography (GC). The fatty acids identified in the two species studied range from C14 to C20, with palmitic acid (C16:0) being the major compound. In addition, arachidonic acid (C20:4) and eicosapentaenoic acid EPA (C20:5) are the main polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).PublishedReferee
Interinstitutional instruments for the protection of submerged cultural heritage (PCS): proposal to joint external circular against illicit activities against PCS
No full textLa protección del patrimonio cultural sumergido en Colombia implica un conjunto de retos técnicos y administrativos que deben ser coordinados mediante estrategias preventivas y reactivas, capaces de disuadir, prevenir y sancionar la ocurrencia de acciones de saqueo y expolio de contextos culturales sumergidos. Este texto recoge una propuesta de instrumento de política pública coordinado por la Dirección General Marítima que vincula autoridades del orden administrativo y judicial colombiano para lograr este fin. En la primera parte analiza la tipificación del régimen sancionatorio colombiano asociado al patrimonio cultural sumergido. En segundo lugar, detalla las consideraciones generales sobre la circular externa conjunta. Finalmente, se analizan alunas condiciones y requisitos que la literatura criminal y de seguridad pública han recogido para garantizar la operatividad del enfoque de protecciónThe protection of the Submerged Cultural Heritage in Colombia implies a set of technical and administrative challenges that must be coordinated through preventive and reactive strategies, strengthening the deterrence, prevention and punishment of crime against cultural heritage. This article describes a public policy instrument proposed by the General Maritime Direction, that connect authorities of the Colombian administrative and judicial order to achieve this end. In the first part, it analyzes the classification of the Colombian sanctioning regime associated with the Submerged Cultural Heritage. Second, it details the general considerations on the Joint External Circular. Finally, concludes with some conditions and requirements that the criminal and public security literature have collected are analyzed to guarantee the operation of the protection approachPublishedNot Know
Abiotic and biotic predictors of the abundance of a native and an invasive macrophyte in a subtropical reservoir.
No full textThe invasion success of non-native species depends on several factors, and native populations and biotic characteristics of non-native environments can offer resistance to non-native species development. Reservoirs can facilitate submerged macrophyte invasion once it modifies the environment and provides favorable abiotic conditions to macrophyte establishment and development. However, previous colonization of native species can resist the development of invasive ones through priority effects. In this investigation we used large data-set (1120 samplings during 4 years) obtained in the Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil/Paraguay) to assess the relationship between the abundance of the native submerged macrophyte Egeria najas and of the invasive Hydrilla verticillata and the water level, littoral slope and Secchi disk depth. We also investigated how the concomitant and previous abundance of both macrophytes correlates. A spatial-temporal modeling was applied using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations method, which controls the effect of spatial-temporal autocorrelation. Our results indicate an important role of water transparency, littoral slope and water level oscillations (in terms of amplitude and increased hydrometric level), in a short period of time (30 days) for the temporal dynamics of the abundance of both species. However, alterations of the hydrometric levels and of the littoral slope affected H. verticillata to a greater extent than E. najas. In addition, the abundance of each species was related with its own abundance in previous samplings, highlighting the importance of vegetative propagule pressure and resistance structures for population recovery. The magnitude of the interaction between both species in concomitant occurrence in the same site was abundance dependent.O sucesso da invasão de espécies não nativas depende de vários fatores. Populações nativas e características bióticas de ambientes não nativos podem oferecer resistência ao desenvolvimento de espécies não nativas. Porém, a colonização prévia de espécies nativas pode impor resistência ao desenvolvimento de espécies invasoras por meio de efeitos de prioridade. Nesta investigação utilizou-se um grande conjunto de dados (1120 amostragens durante 4 anos) obtidos Reservatórios podem facilitar a invasão de macrófitas submersas, uma vez que modificam o ambiente e fornecem condições abióticas favoráveis para o estabelecimento e desenvolvimento de macrófitas no reservatório de Itaipu (Brasil/Paraguai) para avaliar a relação entre a abundância da macrófita submersa nativa Egeria najas e da invasora Hydrilla verticillata e o nível da água, declividade litorânea e profundidade do disco de Secchi. Também se investigou, como a abundância concomitante e prévia de ambas as macrófitas se correlaciona. Uma modelagem espaço-temporal foi aplicada usando o método de Aproximações Aninhadas Integradas de Laplace, que controla o efeito da autocorrelação espaço-temporal. Os resultados indicam um importante papel da transparência da água, declividade litorânea e oscilações do nível da água (em termos de amplitude e aumento do nível hidrométrico), em um curto período de tempo (30 dias) para a dinâmica temporal da abundância das duas espécies. Contudo, as alterações dos níveis hidrométricos e do declive litorâneo afetaram mais H. verticillata em comparação a E. najas. Ademais, a abundância de cada espécie foi relacionada com a sua própria abundância em amostragens anteriores, evidenciando a importância da pressão do propágulo vegetativo e das estruturas de resistência para a recuperação populacional. A magnitude da interação entre as duas espécies ao ocorrerem concomitantemente no mesmo ponto foi dependente da abundância.Master
Исследование растворимости пылевых частиц в почвенном растворе при различных температурах (на примере хвостов обогащения лопаритовых руд)
No full textA number of large mining enterprises are located on the territory of the Murmansk region. Dusting overburden dumps and tailings storage sites leads to a complex of long-term consequences for the environment. The output of the silty fraction (–0.071 mm) of "stale" tailings of loparite ore dressing (the first field of the tailing dump) is about 22 %. The investigated material is represented by nepheline, microcline, aegirine; loparite, analcime are diagnosed in impurity quantities; the average content of cerium, lanthanum, neodymium – rare earth elements of the light group – 0.18, 0.03 and 0.015 %, respectively. In laboratory conditions, a simulation of the ingress of a fine fraction of loparite ore dressing tailings into the soil has been carried out; the interaction of tailings material with distilled water and water extract from conditionally background soil at different temperatures has been studied. In the course of the study, it has been found that the introduction of dissolved organic matter intensifies the processes of destruction and partial dissolution of the aluminosilicate matrix of rock-forming minerals; an intensive transition of rare earth elements and heavy metals into soluble forms has been recorded. The research results indicate the ecological danger of the finely dispersed material of "stale" tailings of loparite ore dressing due to the ingress of dust particles into the soil and their interaction with soil waters.На территории Мурманской области расположен ряд крупных горнопромышленных предприятий. Пыление отвалов вскрышных пород и хранилищ хвостов обогащения приводит к комплексу долговременных последствий для окружающей среды. Выход пылеватой фракции (–0,071 мм) "лежалых" хвостов обогащения лопаритовых руд (первое поле хвостохранилища) составляет около 22 %. Исследуемый материал представлен нефелином, микроклином, эгирином; в примесных количествах диагностируются лопарит, анальцим; среднее содержание церия, лантана, неодима – редкоземельных элементов легкой группы – 0,18, 0,03 и 0,015 % соответственно. В лабораторных условиях проведено моделирование попадания тонкой фракции хвостов обогащения лопаритовых руд в почву; изучено взаимодействие материала хвостов с дистиллированной водой и водной вытяжкой из условно фоновой почвы при различных температурах. В ходе исследования установлено, что внесение растворенного органического вещества интенсифицирует процессы разрушения и частичного растворения алюмосиликатной матрицы породообразующих минералов; зафиксирован интенсивный переход редкоземельных элементов и тяжелых металлов в растворимые формы. Результаты исследований свидетельствуют об экологической опасности тонкодисперсного материала "лежалых" хвостов обогащения лопаритовых руд вследствие попадания пылевых частиц в почву и их взаимодействия с почвенными водами.PublishedReferee
Bitácora Hidrográfica, No. 24, Deciembre 2021
No full textContenido - Servicio de Hidrografía y Navegación de la Amazonía: 50 años contribuyendo al desarrollo amazónico - Servicio de Hidrografía y Navegación de la Amazonía: Logros y evolución técnica - Inundaciones en la ciudad de Iquitos por la creciente del Río Amazonas - Cambio climático: al límite de lo irreversible - En los puertos del litoral peruano: medición de variables océano-meteorológicas en tiempo real - Actualización del Plan Cartográfico: Permanente reto - Gas natural, cangrejos y escarpes submarinos en las profundidades del Mar de Grau - A bordo del B.A.P. "Carrasco" afirmamos la presencia del Perú en la Antártida; 36-39 - A 20 años del sismo y tsunami en Camaná: implementaciones en el Centro Nacional de Alerta de Tsunamis - En playa San Agustín y Urbanización 200 Millas (Callao): Fotogrametría con drones para cartas de inundación por tsunamis - Alerta de Tsunamis gran aporte de la estación mareográfica en Isla Hormigas de Afuera - Estructuras de protección ante la erosión de río Rímac en la Base Naval del Callao - Levantamientos batimétricos en tiempos de pandemia - Impulsando el uso de mareógrafos modernos o de radar a nivel nacional - Fotogrametría con UAV e imágenes satelitales. Análisis comparativo de modelos de elevación digital - Uso del satélite óptico PeruSAT-1 en la Línea de Más Alta Marea - Actualizando el perfil costero del Perú empleando imágenes satelitales de alta resolución espacial - Marie Tharp: la mujer que cartografió el fondo marino y revolucionó la geología y la geofísica marinaPublishedReferee
Петрографические структуры: ийолиты и уртиты Хибин
No full textIn addition to the standard description of the structures and textures of crystalline rocks the mathematical approaches have been proposed based on a rigorous determination of the petrographic structure through the probabilities of binary intergrain contacts. In general, the petrographic structure is defined as an invariant aspect of rock organization, algebraically expressed by the canonical diagonal form of the symmetric Pij matrix and geometrically visualized by structural indicatrices – surfaces of the 2nd order. The agreed nomenclature of possible petrographic structures for an n-mineral rock is simple: the symbol Snm means that there are exactly m positive numbers in the canonical diagonal form of the Pij matrix. New types of barycentric diagrams have been proposed. To describe the massive texture, the concept of Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium has been proposed. This boundary classifies barycentric diagrams into areas within which canonical types of Рij matrices and topological types of structural indicatrices are preserved. The change in the organization of the rock within a type is quantitative, the transition from one type to another means structural restructuring. The methods are used to describe ijolites and urtites of the Khibiny massif, the Kola Peninsula. In the modern taxonomy of rocks, the boundaries between them are mostly conditional and are drawn according to the contents of rock-forming minerals, for example, between ijolites and urtites – according to the contents of nepheline and pyroxene. The strict definition of the petrographic structure proposed by the authors makes it possible to introduce into petrography the constitutional principle (structure + composition), which is successfully acting in mineralogy.В дополнение к стандартному описанию структур и текстур кристаллических горных пород предложены математические подходы, основанные на строгом определении петрографической структуры через вероятности бинарных межзерновых контактов. В общем случае петрографическая структура определена как инвариантный аспект организации горной породы, алгебраически выражаемый канонической диагональной формой симметрической матрицы Pij и геометрически визуализуемый структурными индикатрисами – поверхностями 2-го порядка. Согласованная номенклатура возможных петрографических структур для n-минеральной горной породы проста: символ Snm означает, что в канонической диагональной форме матрицы Рij ровно m положительных чисел. Представлены новые типы барицентрических диаграмм. Для описания массивной текстуры предложена концепция равновесия Харди – Вайнберга. Эта граница классифицирует барицентрические диаграммы на области, в пределах которых сохраняются канонические типы матриц Рij и топологические типы структурных индикатрис. Изменение организации горной породы в пределах типа носит количественный характер, переход от одного типа к другому означает структурную перестройку. Методы использованы для описания ийолитов и уртитов Хибинского массива, Кольский полуостров. В современной систематике горных пород границы между ними большей частью условные и проводятся по содержаниям породообразующих минералов, например, между ийолитами и уртитами – по содержанию нефелина и пироксена. Предлагаемое авторами строгое определение петрографической структуры позволяет ввести в петрографию конституционный принцип (структура + состав), успешно действующий в минералогии.PublishedReferee
Asset Tracking Whales—First Deployment of a Custom-Made GPS/GSM Suction Cup Tag on Migrating Humpback Whales.
No full textThe study of marine mammals is greatly enhanced through fine scale data on habitat use. Here we used a commonly available asset tracker Global Positioning System/Global Systems for Mobile Communication (GPS/GSM) integrated into a CATS suction cup tag to test its feasibility in providing real time location position on migrating humpback whales in coastal waters of eastern Australia. During two deployments—one on a suspected male and another on a female humpback whale—the tags provided location points with relatively high accuracy for both individuals albeit different swim behavior and surface intervals. In combination with an integrated archival data logger, the tag also provided detailed information on fine scale habitat use such as dive profiles. However, surface intervals were too short to allow for an upload of location data during deployment. Further improvements of the tag design will allow remote access to location data after deployment. Preliminary results suggested location acquisition was better when the tag was positioned well above the midline of the whale body. The technology promises less expensive, more reliable and more accurate short-term tracking of humpback whales compared to satellite relay tags, and it has the potential to be deployed on other marine mammals in coastal waters.Challenge 4, 9PublishedReferee
Sociodemographic indicators of the Algerian fishery
No full textLe présent travail évoque quelques indicateurs socio-démographiques qui sont principalement l’âge moyen, la dépendance au secteur de la pêche, l’attirance de métier de la pêche et le niveau d’instruction. L’objectif principal est de caractériser et de décrire la situation sociale des professionnels de la pêche en Algérie. L’étude a été réalisée à travers des enquêtes sur terrain dans les 12 wilayas à savoir (Tlemcen, Ain-Temouchent, Oran, Chlef, Tipasa, Alger, Boumerdes, Tizi-Ouzou, Bejaia, Jijel, Skikda, et Annaba). L’analyse de l’aspect social a révélé que les patrons et les ramendeurs enquêtés sont des quadragénaires et que la configuration des âges au sein des métiers semble être la même, contrairement à celle des régions qui présentent une similarité à l’exception des mécaniciens. Il apparait que le collectif marin issu d’une famille de pêcheurs a plus d’expérience (environ 3 ans) par rapport à celui qui n’appartient pas à une famille de pêcheurs. Plus de la moitié des enquêtés sont natifs d’une famille de pêcheurs et dans la majorité des cas ils sont embarqués sur des sardiniers. La pluriactivité (autre activité en dehors de la pêche) dans la région Est se prononce forte. Les pêcheurs des chalutiers dans leurs majorités (plus de 80%) sont étroitement liés à la pratique de la pêche. Les patrons algériens enquêtés semblent la catégorie la plus dépendante du secteur de la pêche. La plupart des enquêtés s’orientent vers la formation « capacitaire » et « marin qualifié ». Les aspects sociaux démographiques abordés font apparaitre un intéressement et une attirance pour l’activité de pêche par toutes les structures d’âge le long de la côte algérienne.The study seeks to figure out some social-demographic indicators which are basically, mean ages, fishing sector dependence, fishing profession attraction, and educational level. The main objective is to characterize and describe the social situation of fishing profession in Algeria. The present study carried out through a survey based on questionnaires, covering 12 coastal districts (Tlemcen, Ain-Temouchent, Oran, Chleff, Tipasa, Alger, Boumerdes, TiziOuzou, Bejaia, Jijel, Skikda, and Annaba). The analysis reveals that captains and net-menders are in their forties, and the fishing labors age configuration among the fisheries ‘métier’, seems quasi-equal. In the other hand, the age among the 03 coastal regions presents a similarity except for mechanics (ship officers). It appears that the marine collective who comes from a fishermen family, has more experience than who doesn’t; the experience difference estimated around 03 years. More than 50% of surveyed population are from fishermen family, and most of them are engaged on board of purse-seiners. The multi-jobbing (other job beside fishing) at the eastern region pronounce a high portion. The trawler fishermen in their majority are exclusively dependents on fishing activity. The surveyed Algerians captains seems the category, which the most dependent on fishing sector. The trainings “Capacitaire” and “Marin qualifier” are destinations of the surveyed majority. The social-demographic aspects discussed figure out an interest and an attraction for the fishing activity by all age structures along the Algerian coast.PublishedReferee
Ocean Teacher Global Academy: delivering IOC capacity development for the ocean we need for the future we want.
No full textA brochure on the global network of Regional and Specialized Centres delivering training on ocean sciences, services and management using the OceanTeacher e-Learning Platform.Government of FlandersBrochure on the OceanTeacher Global Academy project.
OPENASFA INPUTPublishe