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Влияние нефтяного загрязнения воды на пелагических рыб Азовского моря
No full textThe monitoring results for the oil pollution of the Azov Sea water in the summer and autumn seasons of 2018–2020 are presented. The identified concentrations of petroleum products are given based on the total content of the main petroleum components: hydrocarbons, resins, and asphaltenes. The concentrations of petroleum products in the water ranged from <0.02 to 0.85 mg/dm3 in the summer season, and from <0.02 to 0.11 mg/dm3 in the autumn season. In some years, the weighted average values of the content of petroleum products in water exceeded the maximum allowable level: by 2.4 times in the summer season, and by 1.2 times in autumn. Based on the averaged data for the investigated period, the most severe water pollution was recorded in the central area of the Taganrog Bay and the sea itself. The highest influx of petroleum products occurs to the eastern parts of the Taganrog Bay and the sea in the autumn season, and to the southern part of the sea in summer. Along with the petroleum products identified in water, the highest content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the organs and tissues of the investigated fish was recorded in the roach, captured in the Taganrog Bay in the summer and autumn seasons of 2018. In other examined pelagic fish species of the Azov Sea (anchovy, Black Sea sprat, zander), content of petroleum products ranged at the level of determination limit.Представлены результаты мониторинга нефтяного загрязнения воды Азовского моря в летний и осенний периоды 2018–2020 гг. Обнаруженные концентрации нефтепродуктов приведены по суммарному содержанию основных нефтяных компонентов — углеводородов, смол и асфальтенов. Концентрации нефтепродуктов в воде варьировали в летний период от <0,02 до 0,85 мг/дм3, в осенний период — от <0,02 до 0,11 мг/дм3. В различные годы средневзвешенные концентрации нефтепродуктов в воде превышали предельно допустимую норму летом до 2,4 раза, осенью — в 1,2 раза. Согласно усредненным за рассматриваемый период данным, более значительное загрязнение воды отмечалось в центральных районах Таганрогского залива и собственно моря. Наибольшее поступление нефтепродуктов происходит в осенний период в восточные районы Таганрогского залива и собственно моря, в летний период — в южный район моря. На фоне обнаруженных концентраций нефтепродуктов в воде максимальное содержание нефтяных углеводородов в органах и тканях исследованных рыб отмечено у тарани, выловленной в Таганрогском заливе в летний и осенний период 2018 г. У других обследованных видов пелагических рыб Азовского моря (хамса, тюлька, судак) концентрации нефтяных углеводородов варьировали на уровне предела определения.PublishedNon Referee
Состояние азовских популяций леща и рыбца в современный период
No full textAfter introduction of the fishing ban on sturgeons and zander, common bream and vimba bream became the most valuable fishing target for the fisheries organizations. For this reason, characterization of the current status of the populations of these two native species becomes rather crucial. In this article, the data collected by research catches with a bottom trawl in the Azov Sea, recurrent trips for assessment of the juveniles with fry dragnet in the Lower Don mainstream, and the monitoring of fishing catches for years 2018–2020 are presented. In these 3 years (high-water 2018 and low-water 2019–2020), the status of the Azov Sea populations of these two valuable fish species changed considerably. The average weight and average age of common bream decreased; however, these values in vimba bream grew higher. The generation of common bream born in the high-water 2018 played a dominant role in its fishing stock in 2020: the share of common bream 3-yearling was 40.8 % out of entire population abundance. As for vimba bream, in 2020, the generation born in 2016 prevailed; its share was 56.3 % in terms of abundance. Fishing exploitation of these species also underwent notable changes: in these years, the annual catch of common bream and vimba bream increased by 4 and 2 times, respectively. Recruitment with juveniles in both species depended on hydrological conditions in the spring season. With the exception of high-water 2018, the conditions for natural spawning of anadromous and semi-anadromous fish species in 2019–2020 were unfavorable; the reduction of feeding area resulting from salinization of the Azov Sea was observed for both species. Thus, by 2020, vimba bream abundance stayed at a low but stable level, which indicates a certain degree of equilibrium between recruitment and mortality. The status of common bream population should be considered as depressed.После запрета промысла осетровых рыб и судака лещ и рыбец стали самыми ценными объектами добычи рыбодобывающих организаций. Поэтому характеристика современного состояния популяций этих двух аборигенных видов становится актуальной. В статье анализируются данные научного лова донным тралом в Азовском море, регулярных рейсов по учету молоди мальковой волокушей в русле Нижнего Дона и мониторинга промысловых уловов за период 2018–2020 гг. За прошедшие 3 года (многоводный 2018 и маловодные 2019–2020 гг.) состояние азовских популяций двух важнейших промысловых видов претерпело существенные изменения. Средняя масса и средний возраст леща снизились, а аналогичные показатели рыбца увеличились. Поколение леща многоводного 2018 г. заняло в промысловом стаде 2020 г. доминирующую позицию: численность 3-леток леща составила в популяции 40,8 %. У рыбца к 2020 г. преобладающим было поколение 2016 г., численность которого составила 56,3 %. Заметные изменения произошли и в промысле этих видов: добыча и леща, и рыбца выросла за это время 4 и 2 раза соответственно. Пополнение рекрутами у обоих видов зависело от гидрологических условий в весенний период. За исключением многоводного 2018 г., условия для естественного нереста полупроходных и проходных рыб в 2019–2020 гг. были неблагоприятными: у обоих видов было отмечено сокращение ареала нагула из-за повышения солености Азовского моря. Таким образом, численность рыбца к 2020 г. оставалась на низком, но стабильном уровне, что свидетельствует о сохранении относительного равновесия между пополнением и убылью этого вида. Состояние популяции леща следует признать депрессивным.PublishedNon Referee
Re-discription of Calappa exanthematosa Alcock and Anderson, 1894 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Calappidae) from the coastal waters of Pakistan.
No full textThe box crab Calappa exanthematosa Alcock and Anderson, (1894) re-described from the coastal waters of Pakistan. C. exanthematosa was collected as a bycatch during the shrimp trawling. This species previously synonymised under C. japonica Ortmann, (1892) from the Bay of Bengal, (type locality Japan), since 1937 to till date (Galil, 1997; Spiridinov and Apel, 2007). Ng et al., (2011) re-described and illustrated the C exanthematosa after comparison of freshly collected specimen of Calappa japonica from the Gulf of Oman and India and revealed that the both species have resemblance to each other, but few marked differences exist between both species. Current study re-described the morphological characteristic of C. exanthematosa from the coastal waters of Pakistan.PublishedReferee
Process of biological invasion of fishes in Neotropical reservoirs: in search of general patterns that determine the success of invasive alien species in these systems.
No full textKnowledge of the controlling mechanisms of the invasion process is a current challenge in ecology. This knowledge becomes extremely important since the introduction of alien species has become widespread and has important implications for the wildlife conservation. Currently, studies have shown that alien species can cause several environmental impacts, such as biotic homogenization and destabilization of the native community, being considered one of the main threats to biodiversity and loss of ecosystem services. To investigate the process of fish invasion in reservoirs in the neotropical region, 29 reservoirs that have different environmental and biological invasion scenarios were used. In the first approach, we evaluated the importance of three hypotheses’ concept clusters of biological invasions in the studied reservoirs. Among all the hypotheses tested for biological invasion, the results corroborated the increased resource availability and biotic acceptance hypothesis. In the second approach, we assess whether the functional indices that represent niche overlap/complementarity between native species are predictors of the dominance of alien species in the environment. The results indicate that the dominance of alien species is greater when the uniformity of available resources is greater and the probability of competition between native species is less. It was also possible to observe that the smaller the niche complementarity of the more abundant native species, the lower the dominance of alien species. The results generated by the two approaches provide important information about the mechanisms that lead to the increase of alien species in the studied reservoirs. This information is extremely important for programs for the management of invasive species.O conhecimento dos mecanismos controladores do processo de invasao e um desafio atual na ecologia. Esse conhecimento torna-se de extrema importancia, uma vez que a introducao de especies exoticas tem se tornado muito difundida em todo o mundo e possui importantes implicacoes para a conservacao da vida selvagem. Atualmente, estudos tem mostrado que especies exoticas podem causar diversos impactos ambientais como homogeneizacao biotica e desestabilizacao da comunidade nativa, sendo considerada uma das principais ameacas a biodiversidade e perda de servicos ecossistemicos. A fim de investigar o processo de invasao de peixes em reservatorios da regiao neotropical, foram avaliados 29 reservatorios que possuem diferentes cenarios ambientais e de invasao biologica. Na primeira abordagem, avaliou-se a importancia de tres agrupamentos conceituais de hipoteses de invasao biologica nos reservatórios estudados. Dentre as hipoteses testadas para invasao biologica, os resultados corroboraram a de aumento da disponibilidade de recurso e aceitacao biotica. Na segunda abordagem, avaliou-se os indices funcionais que representam sobreposicao/complementaridade de nicho entre as espécies nativas sao preditores da dominancia de especies exoticas no ambiente. Os resultados indicaram que a dominancia de especies exoticas e maior quando a uniformidade dos recursos disponiveis e maior e a probabilidade de competicao entre as especies nativas e menor. Tambem foi possível observar que quanto menor a complementaridade de nicho das especies nativas mais abundantes, menor e a dominancia das especies exoticas. Os resultados gerados pelas duas abordagens fornecem importantes informacoes sobre os mecanismos que levam ao aumento de espécies exoticas nos reservatorios estudados. Essas informacoes sao de extrema importância para programas de gestão de especies invasoras.Ph
Feuille de route des sciences océaniques pour le patrimoine mondial marin de l’UNESCO dans le cadre de la Décennie des Nations Unies pour les sciences océaniques au service du développement durable (2021-2030).
No full textClimate change is altering our planet and the effects are felt from the highest mountains to the deepest parts of the ocean. While the world seeks to hold warming to 1.5°C, it is vital that we take steps now to protect some of the Earth’s natural jewels and to preserve them for future generations. The UNESCO World Heritage List includes the world’s most iconic marine protected areas, recognised by the international community for their outstanding biodiversity, beauty, geology and natural habitats. Beginning with Australia’s Great Barrier Reef in 1981, the List has since expanded to include a global network of 50 ocean places of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV), from the tropics to the poles, each of which helps to secure the future of our marine ecosystems. Inclusion on the List is only the start of the work needed to protect these sites from warming seas and shifting weather. Indeed, some 70% of the marine World Heritage sites are currently under threat from climate change, according to the 2020 IUCN World Heritage Outlook. Under a business-as-usual emissions scenario, World Heritage Listed coral reef systems are expected to cease to exist by 2100. Action is necessary not just to protect these sites, but because between them they host over 20% of the world’s blue carbon ecosystems - representing critical carbon sinks - and serve as refuges for vulnerable and threatened species. Managers, scientists, and funders are enthusiastic and willing to help us achieve healthy oceans and marine World Heritage sites. But how? The 2021 UNESCO science assessment survey of marine World Heritage sites indicates that nearly 75% of sites lack knowledge on how to protect their OUV against the impacts from climate change. And about two thirds lack the tools to understand how climate change will impact their biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.We must find evidence-based solutions to address these questions and to help sites plan for the uncertain future. In 2017, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed that 2021-2030 would serve as the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (or ‘Ocean Decade’). The Ocean Decade provides a global framework to harness science to sustainably manage the oceans. Marine World Heritage sites are identified as priority areas in the Implementation Plan of the Ocean Decade. The Decade offers a way to convene diverse actors to co-design and co-deliver knowledge that will address scientific questions about the vulnerable sites, to plan the right response and to put them on a path to a sustainable future. Climate change is a complex challenge, and we must use the best and most up-to-date research and data to guide our actions. Collecting ocean science data and identifying trends are critical to local management teams. Without this baseline knowledge, including where iconic species live or trends in environmental and socio-economic variables, effective management decisions cannot be made in ways that will ensure sites’ protection 10 or 20 years from now. Yet despite their iconic status, many marine World Heritage sites lack essential capacity, technology and resources to generate and process data, including the baseline observations crucial to gather the evidence to plan future steps. For many sites, budgets have not risen while challenges grow exponentially. In response, UNESCO is launching a call for increased and strategic investment in the ocean science needed to safeguard marine World Heritage sites. The ocean is a vast place and there is much to do. Within the framework of the Ocean Decade, this roadmap aims to help provide focus, to ensure research is carried out and used in an efficient, effective and sustainable way. It identifies knowledge that site managers and scientists need to conserve marine World Heritage sites and foster resilient marine ecosystems, highlights the value of science-based decision making, and tackles some key obstacles including resources and capacity. This roadmap outlines key information to assess climate vulnerability, including on the use of targeted science to underpin conservation and management efforts. It also highlights current gaps in science capacity and infrastructure, including data collection and interpretation. Finally, it explores the technology and capacity required for action and the sustainable finance and resources needed to support the necessary research. Marine World Heritage sites face a critical moment in time and we must act now. By developing this roadmap within the framework of the Ocean Decade, we have the chance to generate ‘the science we need for the ocean we want’ and preserve marine World Heritage sites and their services for future generations. This roadmap seeks to offer that help, by showing managers, supporters, and funders how science and research can be more cost-effectively directed to some of the most pressing problems. Together we can steer a path to a resilient and sustainable future, for the next decade and beyond.OPENASFA INPUT
Suggested citation:
UNESCO. 2021. Ocean Science Roadmap for UNESCO Marine World Heritage
in the context of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). Paris, FrancePublishedNot Know
Абиотические факторы среды в классификации вод объектов энергетики для задач аквакультуры
No full textThis article proposes a water classification that is based on the means and practices of water supply to energy facilities with regard to the temperature parameter and accounting for the prospective possibility of using such water for the purposes of aquaculture. This water classification relies on physicochemical characteristics of water: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, redox potential, and total antioxidant activity. The collection of the data on the actual status of abiotic environmental factors was conducted at natural water bodies, including the ones used for cooling purposes by the energy facilities of the Republic of Tatarstan, from 2010 to the present time. Based on the temperature parameter, three water classes have been distinguished: 1) with the physicochemical characteristics typical for a water body of that geographical location; 2) water of the water bodies used for cooling purposes by energy facilities with the presence of zones of increased temperatures; 3) water of cooling ponds. This investigation has revealed that the waters are characterized by a complex structure involving different sets of physicochemical characteristics. It is shown that three distinguished water classes are characterized by certain sets of values of the Water Structure Index (5–7, 2.7–3.2, and 9–16, respectively) and redox potential (in the range of 2.47 unitsEh, 2 unitsEh, and 3.43–4.5 unitsEh, respectively). For these classes the following types of uses in aquaculture are most applicable: 1) cultivation of fish species native for this fish farming area; 2) cage farms, including the ones with multiple cycles of production; 3) cultivation of phytovorous fish species in the overgrown and blooming environment.В работе предлагается классификация вод в зависимости от технологии водоснабжения объектов энергетики по температурному фактору и принципиальной возможности их использования для задач аквакультуры. В основе классификации вод лежат физико-химические показатели воды: температура, рН, концентрация растворенного кислорода, окислительно-восстановительный потенциал и суммарная антиоксидантная активность. Сбор фактических характеристик абиотических факторов среды проводили в естественных водоемах, включая водоемы-охладители объектов энергетики Республики Татарстан, с 2010 г. по настоящее время. По температурному фактору выделено три класса вод: 1) с характерными физико-химическими характеристиками, соответствующими зональному географическому положению водоема; 2) воды водоемов-охладителей объектов энергетики с наличием зон повышенных температур; 3) воды охлаждающих прудов. Проведенное исследование вод выявило, что воды характеризуются сложной структурой с разными наборами физико-химических характеристик. Показано, что для трех выделенных классов вод характерны определенные наборы значений индекса структуры воды (5–7; 2,7–3,2; 9–16, соответственно) и окислительно-восстановительного потенциала (в пределах 2,47 уеовп; 2 уеовп; в диапазоне 3,43–4,5 уеовп, соответственно). Для этих классов наиболее применимы следующие типы использования в аквакультуре: 1) выращивание рыб, характерных для данной рыбоводной зоны; 2) садковые хозяйства, включая полициклическое производство; 3) выращивание растительноядных рыб в условиях цветения и зарастания.PublishedReferee
Editorial
No full textLa Revista de Investigaciones Marinas (RIM) cumplió en el 2020 su 40 aniversario y comienza este de cenio con una nueva imagen y muchos motivos para celebrar. Igualmente queremos compartir con todos lo que aspiramos para la RIM en un futuro cercano. El último trienio ha sido importante para la RIM en cuestión de visibilidad pues la revista ha logrado su inclusión en importantes bases de datos internacionales: Emerging Sources Citation: index (WoS- ESCI), la Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico (REDIB) en el 2019 y CAB Abstracts en el 2021. En cuanto a su imagen se renovó el logo de la RIM. Este cambio estaba pendiente desde que se pasó la revista a una versión completamente electrónica. El nuevo logo sigue remitiendo al ambiente marino y guarda relación con el logo del CIM-UH. Se crearon dos tipos de logos: uno para los números regulares y otro para los números especiales. Igualmente se rediseño la estructura de los artículos, redefiniendo los diferentes elementos que la com- ponen (ej. título, lista de autores, tipo de artículo, dirección web de la RIM, ISSN, etc.), conteniendo ade- más por primera vez Materiales Suplementarios. Se incluye también elementos editoriales como el sello Open Access y el Creative Commons bajo la que se distribuye. Se añade el ORCID iD de cada autor y aparece también el nombre del editor temático que coordinó cada artículo.PublishedReferee
Cephalopoda (Mollusca) of the Colombian Caribbean Sea
No full textLa fauna de cefalópodos del Caribe colombiano es poco conocida. Este trabajo da una visión sobre las especies que se pueden encontrar en el área. Para la elaboración de esta lista se revisó todo el material disponible depositado en las coleciones de historia natural más relevantes y se verificó comparándolo con material tipo y con las descripciones originales y redescripciones. Para el mar Caribe colombiano se reconocen 48 especies de cefalópodos en diferentes ambientes marinos. Representan 17 familias y 33 géneros. Hay una Spirula, siete sepiólidos, 21 calamares y 18 pulpos. Casi todas las especies son de aguas someras.The cephalopod fauna in Colombian Caribbean waters is poorly known. This work gives an overview of the species found in the area. For elaborating this list, the most relevant natural history collections where the material of the area’s is material is deposited were consulted, identifications were verified compared with type material and original descriptions and redescriptions. In the Colombian Caribbean Sea 48 cephalopod species are present in different environments, represented in 17 families and 33 genera. There is one Spirula, seven sepiolids, 21 squids, and 19 octopod species. Most animals are from shallow coastal waters.PublishedReferee
Water education for climate resilience in Asia and the Pacific: a regional curriculum.
No full textA fundamental element towards attaining water security, water education has been at the heart of UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme since its establishment in 1975. However, in much of Asia and the Pacific, water security remains elusive. Ensuring a water secure future for the region will require the unlocking of broader appreciation, acceptance and internalization of basic water science principles and concepts among experts and communities alike. For this, broader and more effective water education is required. For this potential to be fulfilled, reinforced human, financial and technical resources are required to deliver education, training and capacity development across large segments of society. Not only does this require the mobilization of a much larger contingent of trainers, instructors and conveners—it requires the development of new teaching and learning approaches, methodologies and curricula. This curriculum represents an invitation to tertiary-level educators as well as water managers and decision-makers to redouble efforts towards water security in Asia and the Pacific – and invitation grounded in a process that lies at the heart of UNESCO’s mission: the sharing of knowledge, experience and technologies – in this case among scientific, educational and water management communities across the region. Published with the support of the Government of Japan.OPENASFA INPUTPublishedNot Know
Glacimarine sediment flows in small bays on the Danco Coast, Antarctic Peninsula
No full textEl calentamiento atmosférico global y el aumento de las temperaturas oceánicas pueden contribuir a la aceleración del derretimiento de los glaciares e influir en la generación y en las características físicas de flujos de sedimentos en bahías y fiordos de la península Antártica. Durante la Primera Expedición Científica de Colombia a la Antártica, llevada a cabo entre enero y febrero de 2015, se midieron variables hidrográficas (temperatura, salinidad, presión y turbidez) en la columna de agua, desde muy cerca del frente glaciar principal hacia costa afuera, en cinco bahías de la costa de Danco, península Antártica occidental. Se identificaron plumas de sedimento glaciomarino provenientes del glaciar de marea en todas las bahías; sin embargo, con extensiones espaciales variables así también en la concentración de sedimentos, siendo aquellas de la zona central de la costa de Danco, las más extensas y concentradas. Por comparación con años anteriores, en este trabajo se registró en promedio mayores concentraciones de partículas. El mayor flujo de sedimentos glaciomarinos se podría asociar con un mayor derretimiento glaciar, entre otros posibles factores.Global atmospheric warming and rising ocean temperatures can contribute to the acceleration of glacier melting and influence the generation and physical characteristics of sediment flows in bays and fjords of the Antarctic Peninsula. During the First Scientific Expedition of Colombia to the Antarctic, carried out between January and February 2015, hydrographic variables (temperature, salinity, pressure and turbidity) were measured in the water column, from very close to the main glacier front towards the offshore, on 5 bays of the Danco Coast, Western Antarctic Peninsula. Glacimarine sediment plumes from the tidewater glacier were identified in all bays, however, with varying spatial extensions as well as the concentration of sediments, being those of the central area of the Danco Coast, the most extensive and concentrated. By comparison with previous years, in this work higher average particle concentrations were recorded. The greater flow of glaciomarine sediments could be associated with greater glacial melting, among other possible factors.PublishedReferee