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Technical Report Current conditions and compatibility of maritime uses in the Western Mediterranean.
No full textThe project “Supporting internationally accepted maritime spatial planning guidance” – MSPglobal for short – is an initiative by UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC-UNESCO) and the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE) to support their Joint Roadmap to Accelerate Maritime/Marine Spatial Planning processes worldwide (MSProadmap) (#OceanAction15346). Launched in November 2018 for a period of three years, MSPglobal aims to support international maritime/marine spatial planning (MSP) for the sustainable development of the blue economy, by enhancing cross-border and transboundary cooperation where it already exists and promoting MSP processes in areas where it is yet to be put in place. By providing the context for active and effective participation of policy-makers, scientists, businesses, citizens and other stakeholders, MSPglobal aims to improve governance at multiple levels and achieve an ecosystem-based approach in support of the blue economy. Doing so will require transparent data and information, sharing of best practices and new knowledge to inform, guide and support MSP at global scale. Two pilot projects, one in the Western Mediterranean and another in the Southeast Pacific, will facilitate concrete transboundary and cross-border activities, respectively, at different geographical levels as well as support the participating countries in successfully implementing MSP initiatives.co-funded by the European Union (DG MARE)OPENASFA INUT
This publication should be cited as follows: UNESCO-IOC. 2021. Technical Report on Current Conditions and Compatibility of Maritime Uses in the Western Mediterranean. Paris, UNESCO. (IOC Technical Series no 160).PublishedNot Know
20lb Pike from River Lune transferred by two men to Roan Head
No full textTwo men with a 20 lb. pike from Lune being transferred to Roan Head, North West England, UK. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.Environment Agency Archives North WestImage taken from Historic Photo Collection containing images on Fisheries and Fish pass construction from 1935 to 1954. The album, originally owned by the Environment Agency North West, is now held by the Freshwater Biological Association
Hydroxyapatite: đặc tính hóa lý, vai trò sinh học và nguồn gốc sinh vật biển
No full textBiomedical materials research aims to find new forms of materials and medical devices, which can able to adapt to the bio-physiological mechanism of the human body, avoid the elimination, therefore helping improve the quality of human life. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the stable calcium phosphate (CaP) with loBiomedical materials research aims to find new forms of materials and medical devices, which can able to adapt to the bio-physiological mechanism of the human body, avoid the elimination, therefore helping improve the quality of human life. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the stable calcium phosphate (CaP) with low solubility and Ca/P ratio similar to the Ca/P ratio in bones and teeth (Ca/P = 1.67). These properties allow HAp to be served as bone-regenerating materials or as a drug carrier. Nowadays, most HAp applied materials are products of synthesis processes, but they are still not enough for widespread applications. Therefore, several chemical methods have been developed to obtain natural HAp from marine organisms such as corals, cuttle-bones, seashells, fish scales, fish bones and algae. w solubility and Ca/P ratio similar to the Ca/P ratio in bones and teeth (Ca/P = 1.67). These properties allow HAp to be served as bone-regenerating materials or as a drug carrier. Nowadays, most HAp applied materials are products of synthesis processes, but they are still not enough for widespread applications. Therefore, several chemical methods have been developed to obtain natural HAp from marine organisms such as corals, cuttle-bones, seashells, fish scales, fish bones and algae.PublishedReferee
Оценка зарастания водной растительностью Челбасской группы азовских лиманов
No full textThe Chelbas Limans play crucial role in the reproduction of semi-anadromous fish species. The efficiency of their spawning is closely related to the overgrowth of spawning grounds, therefore, the study of aquatic vegetation in the limans is essential for fisheries. This study is aimed at the investigation of the area and intensity of overgrowth of the Chelbas Limans with aquatic vegetation using remote sensing and GIS technologies. The materials on the dynamics of overgrowth of the Azov Sea limans belonging to the Chelbas group are presented for the period 2016–2021. The assessment of the overgrowth of these water bodies was carried out using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and the radiometric Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which were calculated from the multispectral images of the European Space Agency Sentinel-2 satellite. The data of satellite remote sensing have been compared with the data of botanical surveys and visual observations. The area of overgrowth with aquatic vegetation in the Kushchevaty Liman varied within the range from 15 to 93 %, in the Gorkiy Liman it ranged within 12–65 %, and in the Sladkiy Liman the overgrowth area did not exceed 1.7 %. A four-level classification of the overgrowth of the water bodies according to the NDVI is proposed: class 0 is from -1.0 to -0.1, class 1 is from -0.1 to 0.3, class 2 is from 0.3 to 0.5, and class 3 is from 0.5 to 1.0. Examination of the aquatic vegetation in the Chelbas Limans has shown the dependence of the area of overgrowth of these water bodies with macrophytes on the regime of freshwater and seawater influx to the limans.Челбасские лиманы играют важную роль в воспроизводстве полупроходных рыб. Эффективность нереста тесно связана с зарастанием нерестилищ, поэтому изучение водной растительности в лиманах имеет важное рыбохозяйственное значение. Целью исследований являлось изучение площади и интенсивности зарастания водной растительностью Челбасских лиманов c использованием методов ДЗЗ и ГИС-технологий. Представлены материалы о динамике зарастания азовских лиманов Челбасской группы в период 2016–2021 гг. Оценка зарастания водоемов выполнена с использованием водного индекса MNDWI и радиометрического вегетационного индекса NDVI, которые рассчитывались по мультиспектральным снимкам спутника Европейского космического агентства Sentinel-2. Данные спутникового дистанционного зондирования сопоставлены с данными ботанических съемок и визуальных наблюдений. Площадь зарастания водной растительностью в лимане Кущеватый менялась в диапазоне от 15 до 93 %, в лимане Горький — 12–65 %, в лимане Сладкий площадь зарастания не превышала 1,7 %. Предложена четырехуровневая классификация зарастания водоемов по индексу NDVI: класс 0 — от -1,0 до -0,1, класс 1 — от -0,1 до 0,3, класс 2 — от 0,3 до 0,5, класс 3 — от 0,5 до 1,0. Исследование водной растительности Челбасских лиманов показало зависимость площади зарастания этих водоемов макрофитами от режима поступления пресной и морской воды в лиманы.PublishedReferee
Marine water quality assessment of Caguanes National Park, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba
No full textLa investigación se realizó en el área marina del Parque Nacional Caguanes (PNC). El ob- jetivo principal fue la evaluación de la calidad del agua, a partir del monitoreo sistemático en el área marina y la determinación de indicadores abióticos tales como: salinidad, pH, oxígeno disuelto (OD), demanda bioquímica de oxígeno (DBO5), demanda química de oxígeno (DQO). Los resultados demuestran que, a pesar de ser evaluado como un cuerpo de agua de dudosa calidad, existe una rehabilitación de los indicadores ambientales, con fluctuaciones de los valores en el indicador salinidad, pero con una tendencia al ascenso, así como de la temperatura. Por otra parte, existen valores de OD que presentan cierta estabilidad que superan los 5 mg/l, en la mayoría de las determinaciones. El pH, DBO5, DQO, están en los rangos que establecen las normas de calidad de agua para estos ambientes. Las principales fuentes de presión a las que está expuesta el área marina del PNC son: prácticas inadecuadas en el sector agropecuario, con áreas dedicadas a la ganadería (intensiva y extensiva), extensas áreas dedicadas al cultivo del arroz, manejos inadecuados de los cursos de agua que llegan a la costa, canalización, control de ríos, arroyos y modi- ficación de sus caudales. Otras fuentes de presión que influyen en la calidad del agua son la excesiva roturación de los terrenos, la influencia de los centros urbanos y los eventos naturales extremos.The research was carried out in the marine area of Caguanes National Park (PNC). Main objective was the evaluation of the water quality, based on the systematic monitoring of the marine area and the determination of abiotic indicators such as: salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical demand oxygen (COD). The results show that despite being evaluated as a body of water of doubtful quality, there is a rehabilitation of the environmental indicators, with fluctuations in the values of salinity, but with an upward trend, as well as temperature. On the other hand, there are dissolved oxygen values that present some stability, those that exceed 5 mg/l in most determinations. pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), are in ranges that establish the international water quality standards for these environments. The main sources of pressure to which the marine area of Caguanes National Park is exposed are: inadequate practices in the agricultural sector, with areas dedicated to intensive and extensive cattle raising, and extensive areas dedicated to rice cultivation, a wrong manage- ment of the water courses that reach the coast, canalization; control of rivers, streams and modification of their flows. Other sources of pressure that influence the water quality are an excessive land clearing, the influence of the urban centers, and extreme natural events.PublishedReferee
Trophic habits of the flounder Citharichthys gilberti (Paralichthyidae) and its spatiotemporal variability in Buenaventura Bay, Colombian Pacific
No full textLos lenguados pertenecientes al orden Pleuronectiformes son peces aplanados que habitan fondos estuarinos blandos. Son importantes ya que proporcionan un intercambio energético entre el hábitat demersal y la columna de agua, reflejando los efectos de las variaciones ambientales del ecosistema y la dinámica de especies relacionadas tróficamente. Esta investigación evalúa la influencia que tienen algunas variaciones ambientales (espaciotemporales) en la dieta de Citharichthys gilberti en la bahía de Buenaventura. Se examinaron 92 estómagos correspondientes a sitios con diferentes características ambientales dentro de la bahía. Se determinaron índices de alimentación para hacer una caracterización trófica y evaluar las interacciones entre los hábitos tróficos y las variables ambientales. Las presas con mayor importancia relativa en la dieta de C. gilberti fueron los crustáceos y los peces. El consumo de crustáceos fue mayor en la época seca y en el sector externo, siendo influenciado significativamente por variaciones de pH y transparencia. Por otra parte, el consumo de peces fue constante todo el año, independientemente de las variaciones ambientales. Se logró determinar que C. gilberti es un carnívoro generalista, oportunista según la disponibilidad de alimento, con adaptabilidad al medio y que puede llegar a presentar competencia intraespecífica con otros consumidores de crustáceos.Fishes belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes, are flattened and inhabit estuarine bottoms. They are important because they provide an energy exchange between the demersal habitat and the water column, reflecting the effects of environmental variations in the ecosystem and the dynamics of trophic relation between species. This research evaluates the influence that some space-time variations have on the diet of Citharichthys gilberti in Buenaventura Bay. 92 stomachs corresponding to sites with different environmental characteristics within the Bay were examined. Feeding indices were determined to make a trophic characterization and evaluate the interactions between trophic habits and environmental variables. The prey with the highest relative importance in the diet of C. gilbertiwere crustaceans and fish. The consumption of crustaceans was higher in the dry season and in the external zone, being significantly influenced by variations in pH and transparency. On the other hand, fish consumption was constant throughout the year, regardless of environmental variations. It was possible to determine that C. gilberti is a generalist carnivore, opportunistic according to the availability of food, with adaptability to the environment and that it can present intraspecific competition with other consumers of crustaceans.PublishedReferee
Actividad antiviral del alga Sargassum fluitans (Børgesen) Børgesen 1914, frente al echovirus 9, el coxsackievirus A16 y el coxsackievirus A24
No full textEnteroviruses cause human diseases such as Mouth, Hand and Foot Syndrome, hemor rhagic conjunctivitis, aseptic meningitis, and viral meningoencephalitis. As yet, there is not specific therapy for most enteroviruses infections. The brown seaweeds of Sargassum genus synthesize a great variety of metabolites, which make them potential sources of compounds with antiviral activities. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antiviral activity of a hydro-alcoholic extract of Sargassum fluitans against three human enteroviruses: coxsackievirus A16, echovirus 9 and coxsackievirus A24. Cytotoxicity of the extract was evaluated in Vero, RD and Hep-2 cells by MTT method. Antiviral activity (EC50) was assessed by cytopathic effect inhibition in cells. Extracellular virucidal activity and reduction of viral yield were determined by endpoint viral titration assay. The antiviral activity was characterized by a time of addition assay. The extract showed antiviral inhibi- tory activity against all tested viruses. The extract also exhibited a virucidal effect against E9 and CVA16 and reduced the formation of infective particles in the cells in more than three logs. The extract was able to inhibit earlier and late stages in the enterovirus replication cycle. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the effective in vitro antiviral activity of the brown seaweed Sargassum fluitans against clinically relevant enteroviruses, supporting their use as potential source of antiviral compounds.Los enterovirus causan enfermedades humanas tales como el Síndrome de Mano, Pie y Boca, la conjuntivitis hemorrágica y la meningoencefalitis viral. Hasta el momento no existe una terapia específica para la mayoría de las infecciones por enterovirus. Las algas pardas del género Sargassum sintetizan una gran variedad de metabolitos, los cuales les convierten en fuentes potenciales de compuestos con actividad antiviral. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad antiviral in vitro de un extracto hidroalcohólico de Sargassum fluitans contra tres enterovirus humanos: coxsackievirus A16, echovirus 9 and coxsackievirus A24.La citotoxicidad del extracto se evaluó en las células Vero, RD y Hep-2 mediante el método del MTT. La actividad antiviral (CE50) se evaluó mediante la inhibición del efecto citopático en las células. La actividad virucida extracelular y la reducción del número de viriones se determinaron mediante ensayo de titulación viral de punto final. La actividad antiviral se carac- terizó mediante un ensayo de tiempo de adición. El extracto mostró actividad antiviral inhibitoria contra todos los virus probados. El extracto también exhibió efecto virucida contra el echovirus 9 y el coxsackievirus A16 y redujo la formación de partículas virales infectivas en las células en más de tres logaritmos. El extracto fue capaz de inhibir las etapas tempranas y tardías del ciclo replicativo. Se concluye que el pre- sente estudio demostró la efectiva actividad antiviral in vitro del alga parda Sargassum fluitans contra enterovirus clínicamente relevantes, apoyando su uso como fuente potencial de compuestos antivirales.PublishedReferee
Технология производства и оценка качества молочных коктейлей для детского питания с обогащением витаминным комплексом
No full textDiversification of dairy products for baby food is a topical trend in the development of the dairy industry. In the process of producing an ultra-heat-treated (UHT) milkshake, milk with a mass fraction of fat 3.5 %, skim milk with a mass fraction of fat 0.5 %, fruit filling "Cherry" and a vitamin premix are used. The technological process of production includes the acceptance of raw materials, assessment of their quality in accordance with regulatory documents; heat treatment of raw milk; preparation of a normalized mixture; adding ingredients. The prepared mixture is sent for deaeration to a flow-through apparatus, then to a homogenizer, where it is subjected to ultra-pasteurization at a temperature of 136 ± 2 °C with a holding time of 4 ± 1 s. The final stage of cocktail production is packaging and intermediate storage. The resulting product was tested in the laboratory for organoleptic and physicochemical indicators. During the experiments, it has been found that the taste, smell, colour, appearance and consistency meet the requirements of state standards. The content of protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium and titratable acidity are within acceptable values; the content of vitamins A, D3, E, B6 is higher than the minimum values. The research results on safety indicators meet the requirements of technical regulations. Antibiotics, GMO-derived materials and preservatives are not found in the product. The energy value of the baby milk shake is 63.7 kcal (266.6 kJ/100 g of product).Актуальным направлением развития молочной промышленности является расширение ассортимента молочных продуктов для детского питания. В процессе производства ультрапастеризованного молочного коктейля используются молоко с массовой долей жира 3,5 %, обезжиренное молоко с массовой долей жира 0,5 %, фруктовый наполнитель "Вишня" и витаминный премикс. Технологический процесс производства включает приемку сырья, оценку его качества в соответствии с нормативными документами; тепловую обработку молочного сырья; приготовление нормализированной смеси; внесение ингредиентов. Подготовленная смесь направляется на деаэрацию в аппарат проточного типа, затем – на гомогенизатор, где она подвергается ультрапастеризации при температуре 136 ± 2 °С с выдержкой 4 ± 1 с. Завершающим этапом производства коктейля является фасование и промежуточное хранение. Полученный продукт исследован в лаборатории по органолептическим и физико-химическим показателям. В ходе экспериментов установлено, что вкус, запах, цвет, внешний вид и консистенция соответствуют требованиям государственных стандартов. Содержание белка, жира, углеводов, кальция и титруемая кислотность находятся в рамках допустимых показателей; содержание витаминов А, D3, Е, В6 выше минимальных значений. Результаты исследований по показателям безопасности отвечают требованиям технических регламентов. Антибиотики, материалы, являющиеся производными ГМО, и консерванты в продукте не обнаружены. Энергетическая ценность детского молочного коктейля составила 63,7 ккал (266,6 кДж/100 г продукта).PublishedReferee
Fifth Meeting of the Global Ocean Observing System Steering Committee (GOOS SC-5): final report.
No full textReport of the 5th Session of the GOOS Steering Committee held at IOPAN in Sopot, Poland between 1 and 3 June 2016.OPENASFA INPUTPublishedReferee
Desove de Acropora cervicornis (Lamarck, 1816) en el Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes, occidente de Cuba.
No full textCoral reefs are in decline, expecting to get even worse if protection and restoration actions are not established immediately. Coral restoration´s efforts assist the recovering of coral colonies in degraded areas of the reef. Although it has been proven that fragmentation methods contribute to restore coral cover, it limits the formation of new genotypes through genetic recombination. Using sexually derived corals for restoration would allow a high genetic heterogeneity and resilience of nurseries’ coral colonies. Date and timing of coral spawn must be recorded for areas where this restoration method will be applied. There is no scientific report about Acropora cervicornis spawning in Cuba. In 2018 and 2019, mature colonies with high probability to spawn were monitored at Guanahacabibes National Park (GNP), Western Cuba. In July-August 2018, 20 colonies were monitored and none of them spawned. In August 2019, 31 colonies were monitored and three spawned partially and isolated in time. The most evident cause of this behavior in A. cervicornis populations of GNP in 2019 seems to be high temperatures followed by bleaching events.Los arrecifes de coral están en declive y se espera que su estado empeore aún más si no se establecen medidas de protección y restauración de manera inmediata. Los esfuerzos en la restauración de corales asisten la recuperación de las colonias de corales en áreas degradadas del arrecife. Aunque se ha comprobado que los métodos que utilizan la fragmentación contribuyen a la restauración de la cobertura de corales, esta vía limita la formación de nuevos genotipos a través de recombinación genética. Usar corales obtenidos de reproducción sexual para la restauración permitiría aumentar la heterogeneidad genética y, además, la resiliencia de las colonias cultivadas. La fecha y hora del desove de coral debenser registradas en las áreas donde se aplicará este método de restauración. No existe reporte científico sobre el desove de Acropora cervicornis en Cuba. En 2018 y 2019, se monitorearon colonias maduras con alta probabilidad de desovar en el Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes (PNG), Occidente de Cuba. En julio-agosto del 2018, 20 colonias fueron monitoreadas y ninguna de ellas desovaron. En agosto del 2019, 31 colonias se monitorearon y tres de ellas desovaron parcialmente y de manera aislada en el tiempo. La causa más evidente de este comportamiento en las poblaciones del PNG en 2019 parece ser las altas temperaturas seguidas de eventos de blanqueamiento.PublishedReferee