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Diversity, luminosity and turbidity determine ecologically unique sites for the algae and cyanobacteria in natural freshwater micro-ecosystems.
No full textPartitioning patterns of dissimilarity (beta diversity) into contributions of single sites or individual species is a modern approach to understanding what the main factors affect and cause variation in biodiversity. In this context, estimating the contributions of single sites to overall beta diversity (LCBD) or into contributions of individual species to overall beta diversity (SCBD) has proven to be a good approach to improve the knowledge of drivers of beta diversity. We explored the contributions of each site and species to the overall algae and cyanobacteria beta diversity of 77 natural freshwater micro-ecosystems (i.e., tank bromeliads) of a neotropical ecosystem. We found that LCBD was negatively affected by Shannon's diversity, turbidity, and luminosity (% canopy cover). Cyanobacteria and green algae were the groups that most contributed SCBD values. The negative relationship between LCBD and the Shannon index indicates that micro-ecosystems with less diversity reflect unique characteristics, and LCBD values can easily predict these environments. LCBD values can indicate these environments as priorities for management and conservation.Particionar padrões de dissimilaridade (diversidade beta) em contribuições dos locais ou de espécies é uma abordagem moderna para compreender quais os principais fatores afetam e provocam variação na biodiversidade. Neste contexto, estimar a contribuição local para o pool regional de espécies (LCBD) e a contribuição de cada espécies para a diversidade beta (SCBD) tem se mostrado uma eficiente abordagem para inferir sobre mecanismos condutores da diversidade beta. Nesse estudo foram exploradas as contribuições de cada local e espécies para a diversidade beta total de algas e cianobactérias de 77 microecossistemas naturais de água doce (i.e., bromélias-tanque) de um ecossistema neotropical. A LCBD foi afetada negativamente pela diversidade de Shannon, turbidez e luminosidade (% cobertura de dossel) A relação negativa do LCBD com o índice de Shannon indica que locais menos diversos podem refletir em ambientes com características específicas. Cianobactérias e fitoflagelados apresentaram maior contribuição para os valores de SCBD. A compreensão da influência do LCBD e SCBD na distribuição dos padrões da diversidade beta podem facilmente prever esses ambientes com características singulares, fazendo dos mesmos prioritários para práticas de manejo e conservação.Master
Специализированные продукты спортивного питания с использованием протеиновых композиций гидролиза коллагенсодержащего рыбного сырья
No full textThe development of specialized sports nutrition with components of collagen-containing fish raw materials is due to the shortage of domestic products of this group, the problem of fish waste processing, scientific data on bioactive peptides of marine origin. Low-molecular active peptides and protein-mineral compositions in the form of powder and liquid dietary supplements were obtained from the scales of sardine and sardinella by methods of deep hydrolysis. During the hydrolysis of raw materials, fermentolysis was carried out with the Alcalase 2.5L enzyme, thermohydrolysis – at temperatures of 130–140 °C. The chemical composition of the scales of two fish species, the products of its hydrolysis, and the amino acid composition of its proteins have been studied. The amount of low-molecular-weight peptides in hydrolysates of sardine scales was investigated by various methods of hydrolysis. Rational methods of hydrolysis of scales – enzymatic and enzymatic-thermal – have been substantiated. They make it possible to obtain protein supplements with protein content of 83.9–85.2 % with a proportion of active peptides with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa 91.7–98.1 %. A technology for obtaining protein supplements from fish scales has been developed, and their amino acid composition has been studied. The presence of irreplaceable and ergogenic amino acids, accompanying nitrogenous compounds, valuable in sports nutrition, was shown in the peptide supplement. An increased content of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the protein-mineral dietary supplement being important for the musculoskeletal tissues of an athlete has been established. On the basis of protein supplements in dry and liquid forms with the addition of beekeeping products, the technology of chewing marmalade for sports nutrition has been developed. Bioproduct "Apikolltonus" belongs to the class of gainers with a protein content of 20.5 %, a carbohydrate of 41.6 % with an amino acid value of BCAA (isoleucine : leucine : valine) 2 : 1 : 1.5. A multicomponent bar for sports nutrition has been developed using protein hydrolysates of scales, flaxseed and apple cakes, and pine nuts. The bar is functional in terms of the content of calcium and phosphorus, dietary fiber, flavonoids, and vitamin E. Recommendations for the use of new sports nutrition products are substantiated.Разработка специализированного спортивного питания с биологически активными компонентами коллагенсодержащего рыбного сырья обусловлена дефицитом отечественных продуктов данной группы, проблемой переработки рыбных отходов, научными данными о биоактивных пептидах морского происхождения. Из чешуи сардины и сардинеллы методами глубокого гидролиза получали низкомолекулярные активные пептиды и протеино-минеральные композиции в форме порошкообразных и жидких биодобавок. При гидролизе сырья первоначально проводили ферментолиз ферментом Alcalase 2.5L, затем термогидролиз при температурах 130–140 °С. Изучены химический состав чешуи двух видов рыб, продуктов ее гидролиза, аминокислотный состав белков. Исследовано количество низкомолекулярных пептидов в гидролизатах чешуи сардины при различных способах гидролиза. Обоснованы рациональные способы гидролиза чешуи – ферментативный и ферментативно-термический, позволяющие получать протеиновые добавки с содержанием белка 83,9–85,2 % при доле активных пептидов с молекулярной массой менее 10 кДа 91,7–98,1 %. Разработана технология получения из чешуи рыб протеиновых биодобавок, изучен их аминокислотный состав. Показано наличие в пептидной добавке ценных в спортивном питании незаменимых и эргогенных аминокислот, сопутствующих азотистых соединений. Установлено повышенное содержание в протеино-минеральной биодобавке кальция, фосфора и магния, значимых для костно-мышечных тканей спортсмена. На основе протеиновых биодобавок в сухой и жидкой форме с добавлением продуктов пчеловодства разработана технология жевательного мармелада для спортивного питания. Биопродукт "АпиколлТонус" принадлежит к классу гейнеров с содержанием белка 20,5 %, углеводов 41,6 % при аминокислотном показателе ВСАА (изолейцин : лейцин : валин) 2 : 1 : 1,5. Разработан поликомпонентный батончик для спортивного питания с применением протеиновых гидролизатов чешуи рыб, льняного и яблочного жмыхов, кедровых орехов. Батончик является функциональным по содержанию кальция и фосфора, пищевых волокон, флавоноидов, витамина Е. Обоснованы рекомендации по употреблению новых продуктов спортивного питания.PublishedReferee
Геология, петрография и минералогия эксплозивных брекчий массива Салланлатва, Кольский регион
No full textThe Sallanlatva massif belongs to the group of Paleozoic alkaline-ultrabasic complexes wide spread in the Kola Region (the northwestern part of the Fennoscandian Shield). In the central part of this massif, the host ijolite and urtites contain calcite, ankerite, ankerite-dolomite and siderite carbonatites. The explosive processes that led to the formation of carbonatite breccias in the calcite and ankerite-dolomite carbonatites occurred in Sallanlatva massife in the last stages of the carbonatite magmatism. There are two types of explosive carbonatite breccias in the Sallanlatva massif: (1) glimmerite-calciocarbonatite breccias, and (2) siderite-dolomite breccias. Analysis of the mineral composition of fragments and matrix and the shape of fragments in breccias has shown that the first material to intrude into the host calcite and ankerite-dolomite carbonatites was calcite melt. After that, dolomite melt penetrated through the fracture zones, which resulted in the formation of siderite-dolomite breccias. The differences in the mineral composition of the breccia matrix suggest that the residual carbonatite melts originate from separate magma chambers. The chamber with calcite melt was located at great depth, and some captured glimmerite fragments were abraded during the melt upwelling. Silicate-dolomite melts lifted from a shallower depth; the captured fragments of siderite carbonatites retained their angular shape. Late hydrothermal processes yielded veins and caverns with Ba-Sr-P-S-Ti-REE mineralization in the breccias and host rocks.Массив Салланлатва принадлежит к группе палеозойских щелочно-ультраосновных комплексов, широко проявленных в пределах Кольского региона (северо-западная часть Фенноскандинавского щита). В центральной части этого массива среди ийолитов и уртитов находятся крупные тела кальцитовых, анкеритовых, анкерит-доломитовых и сидеритовых карбонатитов. Одна из последних стадий карбонатитового магматизма в массиве Салланлатва – проявление эксплозивных процессов, приведших к образованию брекчированных пород с карбонатитовым цементом, расположенных в кальцитовых и анкерит-доломитовых карбонатитах. Проведенные петрографические и минералогические исследования позволили выделить два типа эксплозивных брекчий в массиве: (1) брекчии с глиммеритовыми обломками и кальцитовым цементом и (2) брекчии с сидеритовыми обломками и хлорит-доломитовым цементом. Анализ минерального состава и формы обломков в брекчиях, а также минерального состава цемента показал, что первым во вмещающие кальцитовые и анкерит-доломитовые карбонатиты внедрилось вещество, сформировавшее брекчии со слабо окатанными и угловатыми обломками флогопитовых глиммеритов и кальцитовым цементом. После этого по зонам трещиноватости проникал расплав силикатно-доломитового состава, в результате чего образовались брекчии с угловатыми сидеритовыми обломками и хлорит-доломитовым цементом. Различия в минеральном составе цемента брекчий предполагают, что остаточные карбонатитовые расплавы поступали из отдельных магматических камер, причем камера с расплавами кальцитового состава располагалась на большой глубине и часть захваченных обломков глиммеритов подверглась абразии при движении расплава. Силикатно-доломитовые расплавы поднимались с меньшей глубины и захваченные обломки сидеритовых карбонатитов сохранили угловатую форму. Поздние гидротермальные процессы проявились в образовании в брекчиях и вмещающих их породах прожилков и каверн с Ba-Sr-P-S-Ti-REE минерализацией.PublishedReferee
Proceedings of the 2020 Annual Meeting of the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. Volume 56.
No full textThis proceeding summarizes the discussions during the 2020 SCOR Annual Meeting held virtually between the 20-22 of October of 2020. The SCOR 2020 Annual Meeting was attended by 121 participants from 34 countries representing all continents. All SCOR Working Groups, research, infrastructural, and affiliated projects, along with the affiliated and partner organizations reported on their activities. Some of the main highlights of the SCOR 2020 Annual Meeting include: (1) the approval of a SCOR revised Constitution, (2) the renovation of the SCOR Executive Committee, (3) the incorporation of a new member to SCOR, and (4) the approval of three new Working Groups.PublishedNon Referee
Characterization of radionuclides in the marine sediments of Orca Seamount, Admiralty Bay, and Mackellar Cove
No full textLa contaminación por elementos radioactivos y su transferencia a través de la cadena trófica puede llegar a tener efectos nocivos en los ecosistemas y la salud humana siendo por ello importante su monitoreo continuo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la concentración de radionúclidos de origen natural y antropogénico en sedimentos marinos de tres áreas en el noroccidente de la Antártica, monte submarino Orca, bahía Almirantazgo y ensenada Mackellar, con el fin de evaluar posibles niveles de riesgo, fuentes y rutas de transporte. Las mediciones se realizaron usando un espectrómetro Canberra de alta resolución y la precisión y exactitud metodológica fue evaluada mediante el análisis de materiales de referencia certificada del Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica (OIEA), SOIL-6 y Moss SOIL-447. Los resultados mostraron una baja concentración de actividad del 137Cs en los sedimentos marino, disminuyendo hacia la zona profunda, validando la vía atmosférica como ruta principal de transporte de este radionúclido de origen antrópico. La concentración de actividad de los radionúclidos de origen natural 226Ra y 40K, confirman el origen volcánico de la región, corroborando las etapas de evolución geológica del sector, y los cambios en la fuente de material al manto. Los índices de peligro de radiación calculados mostraron que las concentraciones de actividad actuales de los elementos radioactivos no representan un riesgo para la salud. Resulta importante a futuro mejorar el entendimiento de la relación del hidrotermalismo en la zona con la concentración de actividad de radionúclidos de origen natural.Contamination by radioactive elements and their transfer through the trophic chain can have harmful effects on ecosystems and human health, therefore its continuous monitoring is important. The present study aimed to characterize the concentration of radionuclides of natural and anthropogenic origin in marine sediments from three areas in the northwest of Antarctica, Orca Seamount, Admiralty Bay and Mackellar Inlet, in order to evaluate possible risk levels, sources and transportation routes. Measurements were made using a high-resolution Canberra spectrometer and methodological precision and accuracy was assessed by analyzing reference materials certified by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), SOIL-6 and Moss SOIL-447. The results showed a low concentration of 137Cs activity in the marine sediments, decreasing towards the deep zone, validating the atmospheric pathway as the main transport route for this radionuclide of anthropic origin. The activity concentration of radionuclides of natural origin 226Ra and 40K, confirm the volcanic origin of the region, corroborating the geological evolution stages of the sector, and the changes in the source of material to the mantle. The calculated radiation hazard indexes showed that current activity concentrations of radioactive elements do not pose a health risk. It is important in the future to improve the understanding of the relationship between hydrothermalism in the area and the activity concentration of radionuclides of natural origin.PublishedReferee
Characterization of coastal lagoons in the Caguanes National Park, Yaguajay, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba
No full textEl objetivo de la investigación es caracterizar tres lagunas costeras y dos sistemas lagunares del Parque Nacional Caguanes, mediante el monitoreo de indicadores bióticos y abióticos, en campañas de muestreo realizadas dos veces al año entre 2015 y 2019. También se describen los principales impactos naturales y antrópicos asociados a estos ecosistemas y las potencialidades de las lagunas. Los indicadores empleados están relacionados con la evaluación de la calidad de agua, la vegetación predominante y la presencia de la fauna asociada. Los resultados demuestran que, a pesar que los parámetros químico-físicos de calidad del agua evalúan estos ecosistemas como de mala calidad, son resultantes de los procesos naturales que ocurren en los mismos. Las lagunas presentan condiciones favorables para el fomento y desarrollo de la biodiversidad, donde se destacan los grupos ornitológicos. Algunas lagunas presentan condiciones favorables para el desarrollo de variantes turísticas diversas. Se han identificado como amenazas sobre este ecosistema, la pesca ilegal, el turismo en zonas aledañas, el vertimiento de desechos sólidos, las actividades agrícolas y ganaderas en zonas próximas, así como el mal manejo de los cursos de agua. Este ecosistema ha sufrido cambios en su integridad ecológica, asociados a diferentes factores, especialmente eventos naturales extremos: prolongados periodos de sequía, fuertes huracanes e intensas lluvias, que han provocado cambios en los sedimentos, afectaciones a los manglares, cambios de indicadores como pH y salinidad, turbidez y material en suspensión en las aguas.The main objective of the research is to characterize three coastal lagoons and two lagoon systems of Caguanes National Park by monitoring the biotic and abiotic indicators, in campaigns, twice a year, between 2015-2019, as well as the description of the main impacts, natural and anthropic associated with these ecosystems. The methods used are related to the evaluation of water quality, the predominant vegetation and the presence of associated fauna. The main results show that although the chemical-physical parameters of water quality evaluate these ecosystems as of poor quality, are the result of the natural processes that occur in them. These lagoons present favorable conditions for the promotion and development of biodiversity, where ornithological groups stand out. Some lagoons have favorable conditions for the development of tourism variants. Illegal fishing, tourism in neighboring areas, dumping of solid waste, agricultural and livestock activities in nearby areas, a wrong management of the water courses have been identified as threats to this ecosystem. This ecosystem has undergone changes in its ecological integrity associated with different factors, especially extreme natural events: prolonged periods of drought, strong hurricanes and intense rains, which have caused changes in the sediments, effects on mangroves, changes in indicators such as pH and salinity, turbidity and suspended material in the water.PublishedReferee
Illustrated keys for the classification of Cuban amphipods (Crustacea, Peracarida): morphology and taxonomy
No full textLos anfípodos constituyen uno de los grupos de crustáceos peracáridos más importantes, tanto a nivel mundial como en Cuba. Se presentan los resultados de los estudios realizados sobre la taxonomía de los anfípodos cubanos. En la actualidad se registran cerca de 200 especies marinas, dulciacuícolas y troglobias. El archipiélago cubano, puede ser considerado como la zona del trópico americano donde el grupo resulta mejor conocido. También, donde se cuenta con un número mayor de especies nuevas descritas. Los anfípodos hipéridos (Suborden Hyperiidea), en particular, han permanecido muy poco estudiados en el país. Los bentónicos (Subórdenes Colomastigidea, Senticaudata y Amphilochidea) han sido el principal objeto de atención hasta el presente. Se presenta una breve historia, la morfología general de estos crustáceos, así como las claves y las 208 figuras originales para la clasificación de 197 especies distribuídas en 14 familias, 23 géneros y 35 especies de hipéridos; una familia, un género y siete especies de colomastígidos; 27 familias, 27 géneros y 98 especies de senticaudados y 19 familias, 30 géneros y 56 especies de anfiloquídeos. Lo anterior, hace un total de 61 familias, 81 géneros y 197 especies. Además, se registra por primera vez Dulichiella terminos, para Cuba. Finalmente, se adjunta, una tabla con las especies citadas hasta que comenzaron los estudios, en 1976, así como un glosario de términos.Amphipods constitute one of the most important groups of peracarid crustaceans, both globally and in our country. The results of the studies carried out, since the beginning of our taxonomic investigations, of these interesting and abundant peracarid crustaceans are presented. Currently, slightly less than 200 marines, freshwater and troglobian species are registered. The Cuban archipelago can be considered as the area of the American tropics where the group is best known. Also, where there is a greater number of new species described. The hyperiid (Suborder Hyperiidea), in particular, have remained very little studied in the country. The benthic ones (Suborders Colomastigidea, Senticaudata and Amphilochidea), have been the main object of attention, until the present. A brief history, the general morphology, as well as the keys and the 208 original figures, for the classification of 197 species, distributed in 14 families, 23 genera and 35 Hyperiid species; a family, a genus and seven species of Colomastigids; 27 families, 27 genera and 98 species of Senticaudads, and 19 families, 30 genera and 56 species of Ampilochids, are presented. So a total of 61 families, 81 genera and 197 species are pointed out. In addition, Dulichiella terminos, is registered for the first time in Cuba. Finally, a table with the species cited until this studies began, in 1976, as well as a glossary of terms are offered.PublishedReferee
Morphodynamic study of the coastal system towards the climate changes and sea level rise (Gulf of Tunis, Mediterranean Sea)
No full textLe Golfe de Tunis subit une évolution rapide et complexe signalée comme conséquence de l'élévation accélérée du niveau de la mer résultant du réchauffement climatique. En particulier, il est intéressant de comprendre l’évolution morphodynamique des plages, qui sont fortement affectées par des variations décennales des facteurs climatiques et anthropiques. Les principaux objectifs de cette thèse sont de comprendre les processus morphodynamiques qui régissent le littoral de la BOGT, d’analyser l’évolution de la position du trait de côte plusieurs échelles spatio-temporelles et l’évaluation de la vulnérabilité côtière en relation avec les facteurs physiques et socio-économiques. Le prisme littoral au de la baie est caractérisé par l’existence de deux barres d’avant côte :1- Une barre interne festonnée et 2- une barre externe qui prend une forme transversale rythmique moins uniforme. Les analyses de l'évolution spatiale du littoral de la BOGT (1882-2016) ont révélé une tendance à l'érosion sur 60% de la côte étudiée. L'indice intégré de Vulnérabilité Côtière (ICVI) révèle que 67% des côtes de la baie présentent une vulnérabilité élevée a beaucoup élevé. En particulier, les zones deltaïques fortement peuplées en Tunisie et en Égypte sont plus vulnérables (70%). Ces vastes zones de forte vulnérabilité sont également corrélées à la sécurité alimentaire locale, ce qui entraînent une augmentation des tendances de migration de sortie. Notre étude morphodynamique de la BOGT suggère que les facteurs anthropiques, la construction des barrages et la croissance urbaine rapide au cours des dernières décennies, sont responsables de la vulnérabilité accélérée des côtes plutôt que le changement climatiqueThe Gulf of Tunis is undergoing pronounced shoreline retreats and coastal flooding that is reported as a consequence of the ongoing sea level rise resulting from global warming. Of particular interest are the abnormal shoreline dynamics for deltaic and sandy beaches, which are severely impacted by abrupt decadal variabilities in both climatic and anthropogenic drivers resulting in their increased vulnerability to disturbances from coastal hazards. The main objectives of the thesis were to study the evolution of sedimentary coasts systems, to analyze shoreline change and to evaluate coastal vulnerability of the WBGT. The beaches of the north coast of WBGT are structured by two sandy bar types: festooned and straight. Analyses of historical shoreline change (1882-2016) revealed an erosional trend on 60% of the studied coast. The statistical Integrated Coastal Vulnerability Index map reveals that 67% WBGT coasts are characterized by high to very high vulnerability. In particular, we observe that the densely populated deltaic coasts in both Tunisia and Egypt are 70% more vulnerable than any others coast in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. These abnormally high-vulnerability extensive areas are also correlated with significant deterioration of coastal aquifers and hence in crop production, compromising local food security and resulting in increasing outflow migration trends. Our morphodynamic approach of the amplitude and extent of these high coastal vulnerabilities suggests that they result from the anthropogenic drivers of damming and rapid urban growth over the last few decades rather than the effects of global warming.Ph
Responses of Poaceae invasive species to water stress, competition with phylogenetically close natives and global climate change.
No full textGlobal climate change has as its main result an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme events, such as longer periods of drought, and more hot days throughout the year, which makes drought events even more severe. Certain plant species have a high invasive potential, which is due to their tolerance to adverse conditions and the recovery of their individuals after some disturbance, which increases the possibility of colonization and establishment in new environments, interfering with native communities. The effect of interspecific competition between the invasive plant Urochloa mutica and the native species Panicum dichotomiflorum was experimentally analyzed on its establishment, resistance and resilience, simulating conditions of extreme water events and the distribution of Panicum dichotomiflorum and Urochloa mutica, particularly in protected areas environmental. The results obtained showed that the native species grew less with the water changes, mainly due to the lack of water, and the invasive species did not show strong growth alterations with the disturbances used. Furthermore, the species were shown to alter the growth variables in competition, impacting the native species more. On the other hand, the species in terms of temporal stability did not change growth and both may have advantages in impacted environments. Regarding the distribution of species, the results showed that the dispersion of the invasive exotic plant will be greater in areas that already have its presence, and also that this species may invade new places, such as Germany and Austria. In a future scenario of global climate change in 2070, this invasive species could occur in protected areas. Regarding the national territory, U. mutica will lose part of its distribution in Brazil, mainly in the north and northeast regions, including areas of protection and conservation. For P. dichotomiflorum, it is possible that it will lose a large part of its natural habitat in the two future scenarios, but it will increase its occurrence in other places, being able to become a potential invasive. Therefore, the results achieved indicate that both species have important characteristics in coping with climate change and show that the native species has an invasive behavior, with information of enormous value to environmental managers, especially in the management work of the two species of Poaceae, which have invasive potential for preserved areas, and in research that evidence areas susceptible to invasion.As mudanças climáticas globais tem como principal resultado o aumento na frequência e na severidade de eventos extremos, tais como períodos mais prolongados de seca, e mais dias quentes ao longo do ano, o que torna os eventos de seca ainda mais severos. Certas espécies vegetais possuem alto potencial invasor, que se deve à sua tolerância a condições adversas e à recuperação de seus indivíduos após algum distúrbio, o que aumenta a possibilidade de colonização e estabelecimento em novos ambientes, interferindo em comunidades nativas. Analisou-se experimentalmente o efeito da competição interespecífica da planta invasora Urochloa mutica com a espécie nativa Panicum dichotomiflorum, em seu estabelecimento, resistência e resiliência, simulando condições de eventos hídricos extremos e a distribuição de Panicum dichotomiflorum e Urochloa mutica, particularmente em áreas de proteção ambiental. Os resultados alcançados mostraram que a espécie nativa, cresceu menos com as mudanças hídricas, principalmente pela falta de água e a espécie invasora mostrou não sofrer fortes alterações de crescimento com os distúrbios empregados. As espécies mostraram alterar as variáveis de crescimento em competição, impactando de maior maneira a espécie nativa. Por outro lado, as espécies em termos de estabilidade temporal não alteraram o crescimento e ambas podem apresentar vantagens em ambientes impactados. Em relação à distribuição das espécies, os resultados mostraram que a dispersão da planta exótica invasora será maior em áreas que possuem sua presença, e também que essa espécie poderá invadir novos lugares, como Alemanha e Áustria. Em cenário futuro de mudança climática global em 2070, essa espécie invasora pode ocorrer em áreas protegidas. Com relação ao território nacional, U. mutica perderá parte da sua distribuição no Brasil, principalmente na região norte e nordeste, incluindo áreas de proteção e conservação. Para P. dichotomiflorum, é possível que perdera grande parte de seu habitat natural nos dois cenários futuros, mas aumentará sua ocorrência em outros lugares, podendo se tornar uma invasora em potencial. Portanto, os resultados alcançados indicam que ambas as espécies possuem características importantes no enfrentamento às mudanças climáticas e evidenciam que a espécie nativa apresenta comportamento invasor, com informações de enorme valia para gestores ambientais, especialmente nos trabalhos de manejo das duas espécies de Poaceae, que têm potencial invasor para áreas preservadas, e em pesquisas que evidenciem áreas suscetíveis a invasões.Master
Hiện trạng và biến động quần xã cá rạn san hô ở khu bảo tồn biển Hòn Cau, tỉnh Bình Thuận
No full textA study on the status and temporal changes in communities of coral reef fishes in Hon Cau Marine Protected Area was carried out at 12 reef sites in August 2020 in combination with the data from previous studies. A total of 351 species belonging to 128 genera and 45 families of coral reef fish were recorded. The average density in 2020 was 237.3 ± 82.8 individuals/100m2, mainly occupied with small-sized fishes (accounting for 86.8% of total density) and ornamental fish, with the dominant families of damselfishes, wrasses, and cardinalfishes, while the the large-sized fish accounts for a very low rate. Target fishes were found in very low density and dominated by herbivorous feeders (especially rabbitfishes). The area around Hon Cau Island have species diversity (accounting for 94.4% of total species recorded in 2020) and a density of reef fish compared to the Breda shoal and coastal areas. The analysis results show that there were three distinguished assemblages of reef fishes, in which the reef fish communities around Hon Cau Island are different from the shoal and coastal areas. After nearly ten years of establishing Hon Cau MPA, coral reef fish density is maintained relatively stable in the area around Hon Cau Island and significantly decreased in Breda shoal and the coastal areas. There is an increase in the density of herbivorous fishes, while the large-sized and inextricably linked to the coral reef (groupers, snappers, sweetlips, butterflyfishes) with very low or reduced densities over time.PublishedReferee