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Pronóstico de pleamares y bajamares, y referencias verticales para los principales puertos de Colombia. No. 1, año 2022
No full textEl Pronóstico de pleamares y bajamares, y referencias verticales para los principales puertos de Colombia, reporta el análisis físico-matemático realizado a partir de los datos proporcionados por los mareógrafos de la Dimar, tales como el estudio de los coeficientes armónicos, determinación del factor de forma y clasificación del tipo de marea, análisis multizon a del comportamiento de marea y pronósticos de marea. Adicionalmente al tratamiento de los datos de la red mareográfica, la Dimar determina la superficie hidrográfica de referencia vertical (SHRV) para los principales puertos marítimos y sus zonas aledañas, producto que permite cuantificar la variabilidad de las mareas a lo largo de las costas Caribe y Pacífica. La Dimar crea, estandariza y mantiene la infraestructura de soporte para la SHRV, compuesta por las estaciones de observación mareográfica de permanente transmisión y la red de vértices geodésicos con sus carteras de metadatos espaciales, para el buen uso de los usuarios internos y externos que ejecuten actividades marítimas en las aguas jurisdiccionales y que involucren mediciones referidas a un determinado nivel o dátum de marea.PublishedNot Know
Особенности созревания самок русского осетра (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt, 1833) в условиях Темрюкского и Гривенского осетровых рыбоводных заводов
No full textThe main source of recruitment to the population stocks of sturgeon fish species are broodstocks developed at sturgeon hatcheries in the early 2000s. This paper presents the materials concerning spawning intervals for repeat maturity of the females from the broodstocks in the environment of a sturgeon hatchery. This study was carried out at Temryuk and Grivenskoe sturgeon hatcheries in the Azov Sea and Kuban River Region from 2009 to 2020. The Russian sturgeon females upon their first and repeat maturity, aged 9–18, have been the subject of this study. Following this investigation, it has been found out that, in controlled environment of a sturgeon hatchery, the first maturity of A. gueldenstaedtii females occurs at the age of 11–13 (of 10 in isolated cases). Repeat maturity (the second and subsequent ones) has been observed two years after the previous spawning; a 3–4-year spawning interval is recorded in 25.0 % of the Russian sturgeon females. It has been established that in the case of repeat maturity, females show increased fecundity, oocyte size, yield of 1-day larvae per 1 individual, and viability of the offsprings, as compared to reproductive capacity of the females upon their first spawning. Results of the investigation of production characteristics of the breeders are of great scientific and practical interest.Основным источником пополнения запасов популяций осетровых видов рыб являются сформированные в начале 2000-х гг. на осетровых рыбоводных заводах (ОРЗ) ремонтно-маточные стада (РМС). В данной работе приведены материалы, касающиеся интервалов повторно созревающих самок в РМС, содержащихся на ОРЗ. Исследование проводилось на Темрюкском и Гривенском осетровых рыбоводных заводах Азово-Кубанского района с 2009 по 2020 г. Объектом изучения являлись впервые и повторно созревшие самки русского осетра, имеющие возраст от 9 до 18 лет. По результатам исследований было установлено, что в условиях содержания в ОРЗ первое созревание самок A. gueldenstaedtii наступало в возрасте 11–13 лет (единичные случаи — в 10-летнем возрасте). Второе и последующие созревания наблюдались через два года от предыдущего нереста; 3–4-летний межнерестовый интервал отмечен у 25,0 % самок. Установлено, что с каждым последующим созреванием у самок увеличивается плодовитость, размер ооцита и выход однодневных личинок на одну самку, повышается жизнестойкость потомства по сравнению с репродуктивным потенциалом самок первого нереста. Полученные результаты изучения продукционных характеристик производителей, выращенных в ОРЗ, представляют научный и практический интерес.PublishedReferee
Аннотация книги «Физиологические и генетические аспекты биологии пиленгаса Planiliza haematocheila (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) в Азово-Черноморском бассейне»
No full textThis work characterizes the physiological status of so-iuy mullet Planiliza haematocheila (Temminck & Schlegel, 1945) upon formation of its broodstock at the beginning of its acclimatization (1979–1983) in the Azov and Black Sea Basin. Following the results of a long-term investigation, age-length, seasonal, and annual dynamics of physiological parameters have been identifi ed, as well as specifi c features of so-iuy mullet metabolism and reproduction.В работе дана характеристика физиологического состояния пиленгаса Planiliza haematocheila (Temminck & Schlegel, 1945) при формировании маточного стада в начале акклиматизации (1979– 1983 гг.) в Азово-Черноморском бассейне. По результатам многолетних исследований установлены размерно-возрастная, сезонная, годовая динамика физиологических параметров, половая специфика обмена веществ и особенности размножения пиленгаса. Показано, что новые условия размножения и формирования популяции, отличающиеся от нативного ареала температурным режимом, соленостью, кормовой базой и др., привели к изменению некоторых показателей физиологического состояния пиленгаса, обитающего в настоящее время в Азовском море. У пиленгаса из современной азовской популяции выявлен более высокий темп соматического роста и уровень накопления резервных веществ в тканях по сравнению с дальневосточным видом. Метаболические особенности пиленгаса обеспечивают его стабильную репродукцию в современных трофических и экотоксикологических условиях ареала. Приспособленность пиленгаса к питанию детритом, потенциально содержащим ксенобиотики микробиального или иного происхождения, сопровождается присущей виду высокой детоксикационной активностью, что позволяет ему преодолевать воздействие антропогенной токсикации среды обитания.PublishedNon Referee
Evaluation of population densities in shrimp fattening (Litopenaeus vannamei) with biofloc technology and low dietary protein.
No full textSe evaluaron diferentes densidades poblacionales en el engorde de camarón blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei) con tecnología biofloc (TBF) y pienso de baja proteína bruta (22 %). Un total de 750 juveniles de 0,71 ± 0,01 g de peso medio inicial se distribuyeron según diseño completamente aleatorizado en cuatro tratamientos con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron densidades de 50; 100; 150 y 200 animales/m2. No se encontraron diferencias en los nutrientes residuales para los tratamientos experimentales. El peso final (p = 0,02) y la supervivencia (p = 0,001) se redujeron con la más alta densidad (200 animales/m2). En tanto, la conversión alimentaria y la eficiencia proteica no difirieron entre los tratamientos. El rendimiento incrementó al aumentar las densidades (0,261; 0,469; 0,615; 0,606 kg/m2). Bajo las condiciones de cultivo de este estudio, se exhibieron los mejores indicadores productivos a una densidad de 150 animales/m2. Los resultados alcanzados permiten concluir que es factible el incremento de la densidad poblacional en el engorde de camarón blanco (L. vannamei) en tecnología biofloc con baja proteína dietética.Different population densities were evaluated in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fattening with biofloc (TBF) technology and low crude protein feed (22 %). A total of 750 juveniles of 0,71 ± 0,01 g of initial mean weight were distributed according to a completely randomized design in four treatments with three repetitions. The treatments were densities of 50; 100; 150 and 200 animals/m2. No differences in residual nutrients were found for the experimental treatments. Final weight (p = 0,02) and survival (p = 0,001) were reduced with the highest density (200 animals/m2). Meanwhile, feed conversion and protein efficiency differed between treatments. Yield increased with increasing densities (0,261; 0,469; 0,615; 0,606 kg/m2). Under the culture conditions of this study, the best productive indicators were exhibited at a density of 150 animals/m2. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is feasible to increase the population density in the fattening of white shrimp (L. vannamei) in biofloc technology with low dietary protein.PublishedReferee
Distribution, composition, and abundance of ichthyoplankton in three marine protected areas of the Colombian Pacific
No full textCon el propósito de caracterizar el ictioplancton en tres áreas marinas protegidas (Parque Nacional Natural Sanquianga, Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona y Santuario de Fauna y Flora Malpelo) en el Pacífico colombiano durante noviembre de 2009, se realizaron expediciones científicas para obtener 56 muestras mediante el arrastre con redes bongo. Se capturaron 3155/10 m2larvas de peces distribuidas en 1553 larvas/10 m2 (49,22 %) para el PNN Sanquianga; 1411 larvas/10 m2 (44,72 %) para el PNN Gorgona y 191 larvas/10 m2 (6,05 %) para el SFF Malpelo. Las principales familias fueron Engraulidae (PNN Sanquianga), Bregmacerotidae (PNN Gorgona) y Phosichthyidae (SFF Malpelo). El análisis de comunidades evidencia que la ubicación de las áreas, PNN Sanquianga (costera), PNN Gorgona (intermedia) y SFF Malpelo (oceánica), marca una clara diferencia en la composición, distribución y abundancia de las larvas. Se encontraron por primera vez huevos de la familia Engraulidae en el área de Malpelo, no habitual en su distribución, coincidiendo con lo registrado por el Boletín de Alerta Climática (BAC, 2009) de julio de 2009, que plantea el desarrollo de un evento El Niño, que se extendió hasta el primer trimestre de 2010.With the purpose of characterizing ichthyoplankton in three marine protected areas (Sanquianga National Natural Park, Gorgona National Natural Park and Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary) in the Colombian Pacific during November 2009, scientific expeditions were carried out to obtain 56 samples by trawling with bongo nets. 3,155 / 10 m2 fish larvae were captured distributed in 1,553 larvae / 10 m2 (49.22 %) for the PNN Sanquianga; 1,411 larvae / 10m2 (44.72 %) for the Gorgona PNN and 191 larvae / 10m2 (6.05 %) for the Malpelo SFF. The main families were Engraulidae (PNN Sanquianga), Bregmacerotidae (PNN Gorgona) and Phosichthyidae (SFF Malpelo). The NMS community analysis shows that the location of the PNN Sanquianga (coastal), PNN Gorgona (intermediate) and SFF Malpelo (oceanic) areas, marks a clear difference in the composition, distribution and abundance of the larvae. Eggs of Engraulidae were found for the first time in the Malpelo area, an unusual area in its distribution, coinciding with what was reported by the Climate Alert Bulletin (BAC, 2009) of July 2009, which reports the development of an El Niño event, which lasted until the first quarter of 2010.PublishedReferee
Characterization of wastewater from the Unidad Empresarial de Base (UEB) Cárdenas, Matanzas, Cuba.
No full textPara caracterizar el residual líquido antes y después de tratado de la Unidad Empresarial de Base (UEB) Cárdenas, se escogieron producciones entre 3-4,5 t/día del año 2016, realizándose una encuesta a la dirección de la unidad para conocer datos del proceso. Se tomaron muestras compuestas del residual durante el proceso de producción, salida de industria y foso séptico; conservándose en hielo, además muestras en las lagunas de oxidación donde reciben tratamiento y en punto de emisión al ambiente acuático. Los análisis físicos se realizaron in situ mediante un equipo multielectrodo Hanna; y los químicos y microbiológicos en los laboratorios de agua del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Industria Alimentaria (IIIA). El residual mantuvo un pH entre 6,6-7,6; temperaturas de 21,5-30,3 °C y ausencia de materia flotante, obteniéndose mayores concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto y saturación de oxígeno en la salida de la industria. Diferencias significativas de los indicadores químicos con nivel de confiabilidad del 95 % fueron registradas entre muestreos, reportándose promedios de Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO5 20 °C) (669,77 mg/L), Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO) (1 046 mg/L), Nitrógeno Total Kjeldahl (NTK) (91,88 mg/L) y Coliformes termotolerantes (1 259 NMP/100 mL); sobrepasando los límites establecidos en la NC 521:2007. El Índice de Biodegradabilidad (0,64) y la eficiencia de remoción del residual crudo para la DBO5 20 °C (82,08 %) y DQO (80,50 %) respectivamente, permitieron después del tratamiento, la disminución en los indicadores hasta valores permisibles, demostrando la efectividad del tratamiento, lo que garantiza la no contaminación del medio ambiente acuático donde son depositados.To characterize the liquid residual before and after treatment of the Unidad Empresarial de Base (UEB), Cárdenas, productions between 3-4,5 t/day of the year 2016 were chosen, conducting a survey of the management of the unit to Know process data. Complex samples of the residual were taken during the production process, exit from the industry and septic tank; conserving in ice, in addition to samples in the oxidation lagoons where they receive treatment and at the point of emission to the aquatic environment. Physical analyzes were performed in situ using Hanna multielectrode equipment; and chemical and microbiological in the water laboratories of the Food Industry Research Institute (IIIA). The residual maintained a pH between 6,6-7,6; temperatures of 24,14 °C and absence of floating matter, obtaining higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation at the outlet of the industry. Significant differences in the chemical indicators with a reliability level of 95 % were recorded between samples, reporting averages of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5 20 °C) (669,77 mg/L), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (1 046 mg/L), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (91,88 mg/L) and Thermotolerant Coliforms (1,259 NMP/100 mL); exceeding the limits established in NC 521:2007. The Biodegradability Index (0,64) and the crude residual removal efficiency for BOD5 20 °C (82,08 %) and COD (80,50 %) respectively, allowed after treatment, the decrease in the indicators up to permissible values, demonstrating the effectiveness of the treatment, which guarantees the non-contamination of the aquatic environment where they are deposited.PublishedReferee
Природные риски и системы мониторинга: на примере объектов горнопромышленного наследия Карелии (Рускеальский горный парк), Россия
No full textMine workings (open and underground) abandoned during the production process become part of the environment. These objects begin to degrade in accordance with ordinary processes occurring in nature. However, such developments are often of historical value and therefore become tourist sites. They pose a serious threat to the health and life of people visiting these tourist sites, if such workings were not initially processed to safe conditions. The paper considers an example of such an object – a marble quarry with elements of underground caves – the Ruskeala marble deposit, located in Karelia. In the middle of the XX century, it was abandoned, today the "Main" quarry is a monument of the historical and cultural (mining-industrial) heritage of the Republic of Karelia. Ruskeala Mining Park has collected all the risks of degradation inherent in such a natural site. The paper has proposed solutions for monitoring the sustainability of underground objects used as museum exhibits to ensure the safety of tourists visiting them.Горные выработки (открытые и подземные), заброшенные в процессе производства, являются тем не менее частью окружающей среды. Эти объекты начинают приходить в упадок (деградировать) в соответствии с обычными процессами, происходящими в природе. Однако достаточно часто такие выработки имеют историческую ценность и поэтому становятся туристическими объектами. Они представляют серьезную угрозу для здоровья и жизни людей, посещающих данные туристические объекты, если такие выработки изначально не были приведены в безопасное состояние. В статье рассматривается пример такого объекта – мраморный карьер с элементами подземных пещер – Рускеальское мраморное месторождение, расположенное в Карелии. В середине XX в. он был заброшен, на сегодняшний день карьер является памятником историко-культурного (горнопромышленного) наследия Республики Карелия. Рускеальский горный парк собрал все риски деградации, присущие такому природному объекту. Предлагаются решения по мониторингу устойчивости подземных объектов, используемых в качестве музейных экспонатов, для обеспечения безопасности посещающих их туристов.PublishedReferee
Сезонная динамика содержания общих липидов в теле хамсы Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) в период 2017–2020 гг.
No full textAnalysis of the lipid content in the body of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) at all stages of its life cycle for the years 2017–2020 has been conducted. This article presents a comparison of the obtained data with the reference range of lipid content that had been calculated based on the results of long-term studies. It has been found that the differences in the content of constructive and energybearing substances in the body of an anchovy individual is age-specific: the lipid content in fingerlings is lower than in the individuals at the later stages of the life-cycle. Following the investigation of interseasonal dynamics of the lipid content in the body, it has been identified that the lowest lipid content was characteristic for the anchovy in April–May, and the highest lipid content was observed in October. Analysis of the inter-annual dynamics of the lipid content in the body at the end of the feeding period has shown that, in recent years, there is a trend for the gradual decline of their amount due to increasing load of environmental factors on fish population.Проведен анализ содержания липидов в теле хамсы (Engraulis encrasicolus) на всех этапах ее жизненного цикла в период 2017–2020 гг. В статье дается сравнение полученных данных с референсным диапазоном содержания липидов, который был рассчитан по результатам многолетних исследований. Выявлено, что различия в содержании энергопластических веществ в теле хамсы обусловлены возрастными особенностям рыб: у сеголеток количество липидов ниже, чем у старшевозрастных особей. На основе изучения межсезонной динамики содержания липидов в теле хамсы установлено, что минимум содержания липидов характерен для рыб в апреле–мае, а максимум наблюдается в октябре. Анализ межгодовой динамики содержания липидов в теле хамсы в конце нагульного периода показал, что в последние годы наблюдается тренд на постепенное снижение их количества по причине возрастания прессинга экологических факторов на популяцию рыб.PublishedNon Referee
The Role of Environmental Drivers in Humpback Whale Distribution, Movement and Behavior: A Review.
No full textHumpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, are a highly migratory species exposed to a wide range of environmental factors during their lifetime. The spatial and temporal characteristics of such factors play a significant role in determining suitable habitats for breeding, feeding and resting. The existing studies of the relationship between oceanic conditions and humpback whale ecology provide the basis for understanding impacts on this species. Here we have determined the most relevant environmental drivers identified in peer-reviewed literature published over the last four decades, and assessed the methods used to identify relationships. A total of 148 studies were extracted through an online literature search. These studies used a combined estimated 105,000 humpback whale observations over 1,216 accumulated study years investigating the relationship between humpback whales and environmental drivers in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Studies focusing on humpback whales in feeding areas found preferences for areas of upwelling, high chlorophyll-a concentration and frontal areas with changes in temperature, depth and currents, where prey can be found in high concentration. Preferred calving grounds were identified as shallow, warm and with slow water movement to aid the survival of calves. The few studies of migration routes have found preferences for shallow waters close to shorelines with moderate temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration. Extracting information and understanding the influence of key drivers of humpback whale behavioral modes are important for conservation, particularly in regard to expected changes of environmental conditions under climate change.Challenge 4, 9PublishedReferee
Impacts of climate change on freshwater ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda).
No full textSpecies are exposed to natural climate change throughout their evolutionary history. However, anomalous global warming and resulting variations in rainfall patterns affect survival, alter the distribution of organisms and the network of species interactions. The aim of this thesis was to find larger-scale (basin and biome level) patterns for the possible effects of climate change on the distribution of South American freshwater ostracods through ensemble analysis of several species-distribution modelling algorithms. Here, climate change was based on two assumptions of increasing carbon emissions, the moderate-optimistic (RCP 4.5) and pessimistic (RCP 8.5) scenarios of four climate models (AOGCMs), from 2050 and 2080. In the first approach, projections of changes in ostracod species richness and composition were presented, and conservation status of 61 species from 13 river basins in the Southern Cone. In the second approach, the geographical pattern of a symbiotic interspecific interaction of commensalism type was evaluated through the climatic suitability of Elpidium (Ostracoda) and tank bromeliads of the Atlantic Forest, and the availability of habitat for Elpidium (presence of tank bromeliads) in the future. For both approaches, climate change directly influenced the decrease in future distribution areas of ostracods. The results of the first approach showed a decrease in ostracod richness in the Southern Cone basins of South America, and different species compositions in 2050 and 2080, in both the moderate-optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. The decrease in the ranges of ostracods will change the conservation status of several species to “potentially threatened”. Elpidium ranges will be more limited in the future, and there will be less habitat availability, i.e. fewer tank bromeliad species for interaction. In general, precipitation and temperature regimes are synchronized with phenological life-history events of the species, which determine the direction of dispersal to the environmental set of optimal survival conditions in the future. Our results contribute to the inclusion of ostracods (and other invertebrates) in conservation plans for their habitats on larger geographical scales.Espécies estão expostas às mudanças climáticas naturais ao longo de sua história evolutiva, entretanto o aquecimento global anômalo e as variações resultantes nos padrões pluviométricos afetam a sobrevivência, alteram a distribuição dos organismos e a rede de interações das espécies. O objetivo desta tese foi encontrar padrões em maior escala (nível de bacia e bioma) dos possíveis efeitos da mudança climática sobre a distribuição de ostrácodes de água doce da América do Sul, através de análise conjunta de diversos algoritmos de modelagem de distribuição de espécies. A mudança climática foi baseada em duas hipóteses de aumento das emissões de carbono, os cenários moderado-otimista (RCP 4.5) e pessimista (RCP 8.5) de quatro modelos climáticos (AOGCMs) de 2050 e 2080. Na primeira abordagem foram apresentadas projeções de mudanças na riqueza e composição de espécies de ostrácodes e status de conservação de 61 espécies de treze bacias hidrográficas no Cone Sul. Na segunda abordagem foi avaliado o padrão geográfico de uma interação interespecífica simbiótica do tipo comensalismo através da adequabilidade climática de Elpidium (Ostracoda) e bromélias tanque da Mata Atlântica, além da disponibilidade de habitat para o Elpidium (presença de bromélias tanque) no futuro. Para ambas as abordagens, a mudança climática influenciou diretamente a diminuição das áreas de distribuição dos ostrácodes no futuro. Os resultados da primeira abordagem mostraram uma diminuição da riqueza de ostrácodes nas bacias do Cone Sul da América do Sul, e diferentes composições de espécies em 2050 e 2080, em ambos os cenários moderado-otimista e pessimista. A diminuição nas áreas de distribuição de ostrácodes alterará o status de conservação de diversas espécies para potencialmente ameaçadas. As áreas de ocorrência de Elpidium serão mais limitadas em tempos futuros e haverá menor disponibilidade de habitat, ou seja, menos espécies de bromélias tanque para interação. Em geral, os regimes de precipitação e temperatura são sincronizados com eventos fenológicos de história de vida das espécies, os quais determinam a direção da dispersão para o conjunto ambiental das condições ideais de sobrevivência no futuro. Os resultados contribuem como subsídio para incluir ostrácodes (e outros invertebrados) em planos de conservação de seus habitats em escalas geográficas mais amplas.Ph