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Marine Science Communication in Europe: a way foward
No full textMarine Science Communication (MSC) aims to increase understanding and to raise awareness of Ocean science. It also increases curiosity about scientific discoveries and issues related to our Ocean. MSC is a tool to improve understanding of the importance of Ocean science, to help create awareness and inspire responsible behaviour at all levels of society, and to advocate for policy that is committed to a sustainable Ocean and planet.Challenge 10: Change humanity’s relationship with the ocean.PublishedReferee
Presentation of depth information in the Maritime-domain-awareness (MDA) Situational Indication Linkages, UMISHIRU
No full textWhen thinking about general use in waters, depth information is one of the necessar y pieces of information. By using a Web-GIS system such as the Maritime-domain-awareness （MDA） situational indication linkages, UMISHIRU, this can be effectively achieved. Unfortunately, the UMISHIRU does not itself have the depth information in. In this paper, we describe how to compile the depth data of the J-EGG500 and ETOPO1 and present the depth information in the UMISHIRU for the beginning UMISHIRU user.PublishedReferee
On the calculation of the tide table
No full textThis article reviews the algorithms used for various calculations such as predicting the tidal heights and currents for the tide table, using the tide table, and obtaining tidal harmonic constants.PublishedReferee
IOC Capacity Development Compendium Survey : IOC Circular Letter.
No full textEstablished at the 3rd meeting of the GE-CD in December 2021, the Working Group on the revision of the IOC CD Strategy started discussions and noted at its first meeting in January 2022 the need to: (i) capture current CD initiatives by individual Member States, global and regional programmes, and other organizations/institutions; and (ii) make this information available as an ongoing service to Member States. The Working Group proposed the creation of an ocean science related ‘Capacity Development Compendium'OpenASFA inputPublishedNon Referee
Salvaguardando la vida humana en el mar. Dimar: una autoridad que trabaja 24x7 (SAR y tsunami)
No full textLa Autoridad Marítima Colombiana en el ejercicio de sus funciones y responsabilidades implementó el Centro Nacional de Monitoreo y Vigilancia Marítima (Cnmvm), desde donde se coordinan con las capitanías de puerto (CP) y las estaciones de control tráfico y vigilancia marítima (Ectvm) actividades relacionadas con el control del tráfico marítimo, la búsqueda y salvamento marítimo. Adicionalmente, con la finalidad de monitorear y evaluar la posibilidad de generación de tsunamis por eventos sísmicos, erupciones volcánicas y perturbaciones de nivel del mar asociadas a tsunami por fuente desconocida, la Dirección General Marítima (Dimar) también cuenta con el Centro Nacional de Alerta contra los Tsunamis (CNAT) que trabaja en forma coordinada con el Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) y la Unidad Nacional para la Gestión del Riesgo del Desastres (Ungrd) en el marco del Sistema Nacional de Detección y Alerta de Tsunami (Sndat), con el objetivo de generar y difundir información de tsunami a las entidades que integran el Sistema Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres (Sngrd) y la comunidad en general.PublishedNot Know
Расчет оптимальных границ плотности полунепрерывной культуры микроводоросли Tetraselmis viridis Rouch. для поддержания максимальной скорости ее роста
No full textOn the example of the laboratory culture Tetraselmis viridis (Rouchijajnen), a method for achieving the maximum productivity in a process of growing microalgae based on a regular dilution of the culture down to a specific density (“quasi-densitotat”) is shown. The experimental basis for calculating optimal conditions is a cumulative curve under specific growing conditions. Analysis of this curve made it possible to identify a linear growth section from the 4th to the 6th cultivation day, as well as to establish the maximum productivity (0.42 g/L·day) and find the range of densities (1.32–2.37 g/L), within which microalgae grow at maximum speed. After switching to a quasi-densitostat cultivation regime, the optimal range is narrowed from the top down by the amount of growth gain for the time between culture dilutions. For T. viridis, growth time within the optimal density range exceeds a day, which allows to keep control over the density and do the extraction only once a day, maintaining its productivity at the maximum level. With daily extraction and dilution of the culture, the optimal density range is 1.32–1.95 g/L. Transition to a quasi-densitostat mode of T. viridis cultivation with daily dilution down to 1.4 g/L experimentally confirmed the calculated data. On the cumulative growth curve, the end point of the maximum productivity phase is characterized by a sharp decrease in the growth rate, which indicates a change in the factor limiting growth at a culture density above 2.37 g/L. Further linear growth indicates that this factor is the insufficient carbon supply to the cell. Experimental verification confirmed this assumption. In the additional experiment, the flow of carbon with the air was reduced by turning off the air sprayer. It resulted in a decrease in the range of optimal densities from 0.95 to 0.69 g/L, with the maximum productivity of 0.26 g/L·day. Transition to a quasi-densitostat mode of cultivation with daily dilution to the density of 0.8 g/L experimentally confirmed the calculated data.На примере лабораторной культуры Tetraselmis viridis (Rouchijajnen) показан способ реализации максимальной продуктивности в квазиплотностатном процессе выращивания микроводорослей. Экспериментальной основой для расчета оптимальных условий служит накопительная кривая при конкретных условиях выращивания. Анализ кривой позволил выделить участок линейного роста с 4-х по 6-е сутки выращивания, определить максимальную продуктивность (0,42 г/л·сут.) и найти границы плотностей (1,32–2, 37 г/ л), внутри которых микроводоросли растут с максимальной скоростью. При переходе в квазиплотностатный режим культивирования оптимальный диапазон сужается сверху на величину прироста за время между разведениями культуры. Для T. viridis время роста внутри оптимального диапазона плотностей превышает сутки, что позволяет контролировать плотность и осуществлять отбор только один раз в сутки, поддерживая продуктивность на максимальном уровне. При ежесуточном отборе и разбавлении культуры оптимальный диапазон плотностей составляет 1,32–1,95 г/ л. Пер еход в квазиплотностатный режим выращивания T. viridis при ежесуточном разбавлении плотности до 1,4 г/л экспериментально подтвердил расчетные данные. На накопительной кривой роста точка окончания фазы максимальной продуктивности характеризуется резким снижением скорости роста, что указывает на смену фактора, лимитирующего рост при плотности культуры выше 2,37 г/л. При этом дальнейший линейный рост указывает на то, что таким фактором является недостаток потока углерода на клетку. Экспериментальная проверка подтвердила это предположение. В дополнительном опыте поток углерода с воздухом был снижен за счет отключения распылителя. Это привело к снижению диапазона оптимальных плотностей с 0,95 до 0,69 г/л при максимальной продуктивности 0,26 г/л·сут. Переход в квазиплотностатный режим выращивания при ежесуточном разбавлении плотности до 0,8 г/л экспериментально подтвердил расчетные данные.PublishedReferee
Structural complexity of macrophytes and the attributes of the fish assemblage in a Neotropical reservoir.
No full textHabitat complexity is one of the main factors determining biological diversity and its assessment is a challenge that involves several variables. Submerged macrophytes are responsible for changes in habitat complexity and may enhance habitat conditions for different species. These plants usually colonize natural and artificial lentic environments, such as reservoirs, which have abiotic characteristics favorable to their establishment. The construction of the Itaipu Dam and the filling of the reservoir favored the establishment of macrophytes due to changes in flow dynamics. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate whether habitat complexity, provided by macrophytes, is associated with changes in fish assemblage attributes (abundance, richness, and evenness) and composition. Linear regression models were applied to test the relationship between abundance, richness, and evenness with habitat complexity (expressed as macrophyte density - g/m²). In addition, Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and Spearman correlations were used to assess changes in the composition of fish assemblages according to macrophytes density. The results indicate a direct relationship between habitat complexity and fish assemblage attributes as well as associations between macrophyte density and fish assemblage composition, improving the knowledge about species preference for different levels of complexity. Thus, it is important to consider the behavior of species known to cause economic and ecological issues for future management and conservation efforts.A complexidade de habitat é um dos fatores determinantes para a manutenção da diversidade biológica e, avaliar sua influência, é um desafio que envolve muitas variáveis. As macrófitas submersas são responsáveis por alterar a complexidade dos habitats, podendo promover melhores condições de habitat para um maior número de espécies. Essas plantas geralmente colonizam ambientes lênticos naturais e, também, artificiais, como reservatórios, que possuem características abióticas favoráveis ao seu crescimento. A construção do reservatório de Itaipu favoreceu a proliferação de macrófitas devido às alterações na dinâmica da água. Avaliou-se a complexidade de habitat, proporcionada pelas macrófitas, está associada com mudanças nos atributos (abundância, riqueza e equitabilidade) e na composição da assembleia de peixes do reservatório de Itaipu. Foram utilizadas regressões lineares para verificar a relação entre a abundância, riqueza e equitabilidade com a complexidade de habitat (representada pela densidade de macrófitas - g/m²). Na sequência uma Análise de Coordenadas Principais (PCoA) e correlações de Spearman foram utilizadas para avaliaras alterações na composição das assembleias de acordo com a densidade de macrófitas. Houve relação direta entre a complexidade de habitat e os atributos das assembleias. Também foi possível identificar relações entre a densidade de macrófitas com a composição das assembleias, contribuindo com conhecimento relacionado à preferência de espécies por ambientes com determinados níveis de complexidade. Dessa forma, é importante considerar o comportamento de algumas dessas espécies, conhecidas por causarem prejuízos econômicos e ecológicos aos locais, para as ações de manejo e conservação futuras.Master
Taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of ciliate protists in a Neotropical flood plain: determinants of spatial and temporal patterns of β diversity and community synchrony.
No full textPatterns of species richness are driven by biotic and abiotic factors and the way in which they operate at spatial and temporal scales. In continental aquatic environments, communities may differ in important aspects such as taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic structure, and the detection of biodiversity may vary between these different facets. For the development of this study, to test important ecological theories, we used the spatial and temporal database of ciliate protists from the upper Paraná River floodplain, from a long-term ecological program - PELD. The spatial and temporal β diversity was verified in three facets of biodiversity (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) of the ciliate community, and the contribution of different environmental predictors, using data on composition (presence/absence) and structure (abundance) of the community. It was found that different facets of diversity are influenced by different environmental predictors, but with more evident results for the functional and phylogenetic facets, especially when using data on the structure of the ciliate community. The synchrony between ciliate species in time and space was also evaluated, and the relation of this synchrony with the facets of diversity. Significant relationships were observed between ciliate synchrony and phylogenetic distance, but not for community functional distance. It is concluded that systematic and more precise advances in the community are needed to further improve knowledge about phylogenetic proximities of species and ecosystem functions performed by ciliate protists in limnic environments. Therefore, studies with functional and phylogenetic characteristics of ciliate species are recommended, in future research with application in other ecological theories, with significant contributions in the field of ecology, taxonomy and conservation of this community.Os padrões de riqueza de espécies são conduzidos por fatores bióticos, abióticos e pela maneira pela qual operam em escalas espaciais e temporais. Em ambientes aquáticos continentais as comunidades, podem diferir em aspectos importantes como estrutura taxonômica, funcional e filogenética, e a detecção da biodiversidade podem variar entre essas diferentes facetas. Para o desenvolvimento desse estudo, a fim de testar importantes teorias ecológicas, utilizou-se o banco de dados espaciais e temporais de protistas ciliados da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, provenientes de um programa ecológico de longa duração - PELD. Verificou-se a diversidade β espacial e temporal em três facetas da biodiversidade (taxonômica, funcional e filogenética) da comunidade de ciliados, e a contribuição de diferentes preditores ambientais, utilizando dados de composição (presença/ausência) e estrutura (abundância) da comunidade. Encontrou-se que diferentes facetas da diversidade são influenciadas por preditores ambientais distintos, mas com resultados mais evidentes para as facetas funcionais e filogenéticas, principalmente quando utilizado dados de estrutura da comunidade de ciliados. Avaliou-se também a sincronia entre espécies de ciliados no tempo e no espaço, e a relação dessa sincronia com as facetas da diversidade. Observou-se relações significativas entre a sincronia de ciliados e a distância filogenética, mas não para a distância funcional da comunidade. Conclui-se que avanços sistemáticos e mais precisos da comunidade são necessários, para aperfeiçoar ainda mais o conhecimento sobre proximidades filogenéticas das espécies e as funcionalidades ecossistêmicas desempenhados por protistas ciliados em ambientes límnicos. Portanto, recomenda-se estudos com características funcionais e filogenéticas das espécies de ciliados, em futuras pesquisas com aplicação em outras teorias ecológicas, com significativas contribuições no campo da ecologia, taxonomia e conservação dessa comunidade.Ph
Пестициды современных классов в воде и донных отложениях Таганрогского залива
No full textThe rivers flowing into Taganrog Bay are almost entirely surrounded by agricultural land, where the use of chemical plant protection products is inevitable. This, in turn, leads to the ingress of active ingredients (AI) of pesticides into the water and bottom sediments of the water bodies of fisheries importance. In the water and bottom sediments of Taganrog Bay, the content of 20 active ingredients of the pesticides of modern classes most widely used in agriculture in the region, the half-life of which can exceed six months, has been investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As stipulated by the State Assignment, the research was being conducted throughout the year in 2014–2016 and in the spring and summer seasons in 2020. As a result of this investigation, such moderately toxic substances as clopyralid, pencycuron and tebuconazole have been identified as the main contributors to the pollution, while in 2014–2016, the main contaminant was low-toxic imidacloprid. In 2020, the total content of pesticide AIs has increased considerably both in terms of concentration and the number of substances found. However, the concentrations of pesticide AIs in the living environment of the hydrobionts in Taganrog Bay turned out to be lower than the established maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) developed for the water bodies of fisheries importance.Реки, впадающие в Таганрогский залив, практически повсеместно находятся в окружении земель сельскохозяйственного назначения, где применение химических средств защиты растений неизбежно. Это в свою очередь приводит к попаданию действующих веществ (ДВ) пестицидов в воду и донные отложения водоемов рыбохозяйственного назначения. В воде и донных отложениях Таганрогского залива методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ) исследовано содержание 20 наиболее используемых в сельском хозяйстве региона ДВ пестицидов современных классов, период полураспада которых может превышать полгода. Согласно государственному заданию, исследования проводились в 2014–2016 гг. на протяжении всего года, а также в весенний и летний периоды 2020 г. В результате исследования установлено, что в 2020 г. основной вклад в загрязнение внесли такие среднетоксичные вещества, как клопиралид, пенцикурон и тебуконазол, тогда как в 2014–2016 гг. основным загрязнителем являлся малотоксичный имидаклоприд. Общий уровень содержания ДВ пестицидов в 2020 г. значительно возрос как по концентрации, так и по количеству найденных веществ. При этом концентрации ДВ пестицидов в среде обитания гидробионтов Таганрогского залива оказались ниже установленных предельно допустимых концентраций (ПДК), разработанных для водоемов рыбохозяйственного назначения.PublishedReferee