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Guide for Establishing an IODE National Oceanographic Data Centre, IODE Associate Data Unit or IODE Associate Information Unit (3rd revised edition).
No full textThis document supersedes IOC Manuals and Guides No. 5 Rev. 2 (2008) (http://www.iode.org/mg5) which was entitled “Guide for Establishing a National Oceanographic Data Centre”. Taking into account the substantive evolution in information technology, capabilities of organizations other than existing IODE National Oceanographic Data Centres to manage and make available ocean data, information, products and services, the IODE Committee, at its 25th Session (2019) recommended the updating of IOC Manuals and Guides. This document is the result of that revision.OpenASFA inputPublishedReferee
Влияние эфира ди(2-этилгексил)фталата на функциональные показатели гемолимфы средиземноморской мидии (Mytilus galloprovincialis)
No full textDi(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is the most common phthalic acid ester used in plastic matter ubiquitously polluting the World Ocean. To date, the mechanisms of the toxic effect of plastic degradation products on aquatic living organisms have been poorly studied. In this work, we investigated the effect of DEHP at various concentrations (0.4 and 4.0 mg/L) on the hemolymph cellular composition and functional parameters of the hemocytes of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819)). Hemolymph samples were taken following 24- and 48-hour incubation of the molluscs in the water containing different concentrations of DEHP. Changes in the cellular composition of the mussel hemolymph and in the levels of reactive oxygen species production by hemocytes have been analyzed using flow cytometry and light microscopy. After 24 hours of experimental exposure to DEHP, an increase in the granulocyte number (from 4.0±0.5 to 38.4±7.3 %) was already observed. Additionally, a decrease in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hemocytes was recorded, and the most considerable changes occurred at the lower concentration of DEHP (0.4 mg/L). The results of this study may be indicative of a toxic effect of DEHP on the immune functions of mussel hemolymph cells.Ди(2-этилгексил)фталат (DEHP) является наиболее распространенным эфиром фталевой кислоты при производстве пластиковой продукции, которая повсеместно загрязняет воды Мирового океана. На сегодняшний день мало изучены механизмы воздействия токсичных продуктов распада пластика на живые организмы. В настоящей работе проводилось исследование влияния DEHP в различных концентрациях (0,4 и 4,0 мг/л) на клеточный состав гемолимфы, а также функциональные параметры гемоцитов средиземноморской мидии (Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819)). Пробы снимали спустя 24 и 48 часов инкубирования моллюсков в воде с различным содержанием DEHP. Изменение клеточного состава гемолимфы мидий, а также способность продукции активных форм кислорода гемоцитами анализировали с помощью методов проточной цитометрии и оптической микроскопии. Показано, что в гемолимфе происходило увеличение доли гранулоцитов (с 4,0±0,5 до 38,4±7,3 %) уже спустя 24 часа экспериментального периода. Кроме этого, отмечалось снижение содержания активных форм кислорода (АФК) в гемоцитах, причем более существенные изменения проявлялись под воздействием меньшей концентрации DEHP (0,4 мг/л). Результаты исследования могут свидетельствовать о токсическом воздействии DEHP на иммунные функции клеток гемолимфы.PublishedReferee
Workshop on ICES Reference Points (WKREF2)
No full textThe ICES Workshop on ICES reference points (WKREF2) was tasked review the WKREF1 report and based on the outcome develop updated guidelines for the ICES reference points system and recommendations for ACOM consideration. The WKREF1 report has suggested 5 key recom- mendations to simplify and harmonise the ICES reference points framework representing a ma- jor change to the current guidelines. At WKREF2, we detailed discussions and four key concerns were raised about the proposed approach. The first related to the simplification of rules to define Blim. Around two thirds of category 1 stocks would end up as WKREF1 “Blim Type 2” where Blim would be set as a fraction of B0. The Allee effect or “depensation” maybe more important than previously thought and should be furthered explored for ICES stocks since it has important consequences for Blim. A number of challenges and issues around defining Blim using the current guidelines were documented. Some suggestions on improvement criteria were discussed including using classifiers to define spas- modic stocks and using change point algorithms to address non-stationary productivity regimes. However, further work is need to make these approaches operational and there was no consen- sus that the WKREF1 Blim types should replace the current guidelines. WKREF1 recommended that the FMSY proxy should be based on a biological proxies and should be less than the deterministic FMSY. It was pointed out that the stochastic FMSY estimated in EqSim for example, is lower than the deterministic FMSY and that the current guidelines ensure that the FMSY should not pose a more than 5% risk to Blim. A large amount of work described in WD 1 was carried out to develop an MSE framework to consistency and robustness test a candidate refer- ence point system for North East Atlantic stocks. However, WKREF2 recommended that further work needs to be carried out to condition and test the simulation framework before the conclu- sions could be adopted by ICES and incorporated into the guidelines. A number of considerations for defining MSY related reference points were discussed including using model validation and prediction skill to ensure that ICES provide robust and credible ad- vice. There is evidence that density dependence (DD) is important in the majority of ICES stocks (68% in recruitment and 54% in growth). The correct prediction of the shape and strength of density-dependence in productivity is key to predicting future stock development and providing the best possible long-term fisheries management advice. A suggested approach to use surplus production models (SPMs) to account for DD in FMSY was suggested and discussed but there was no consensus on whether that approach was appropriate. There was consensus that the FECO approach as a means of adapting target fishing mortality to medium-term changes in productiv- ity should be included in the guidelines subject to a benchmark and ACOM approval. While WKREF1 and 2 focused mainly on Category 1 stocks ToR c) called for a “simplified and harmonised set of guidelines for estimating MSY and precautionary reference points applicable in the advice framework across various ICES stock categories.” Ideally the ICES assessment cat- egories should provide equivalent risk across all stocks. This issue was discussed but no recom- mendations emerged. There was no consensus a revised reference point framework was proposed at WKREF2. How- ever, it was agreed that it should be presented here for further discussion at ACOM and other fora. The key feature of the suggested approach is that the stock status evaluation is treated in- dependent of the Advice Rule (AR). The main feature of the system is that the biomass trigger is not linked to a stock status evaluation, it is linked to the expected biomass when fishing at the target fishing mortality, in contrast to the current ICES approach. It also entailed that FMSY would also become an upper limit of fishing mortality and that the advised fishing mortality would be set at or lower than that level. WKREF2 did not discuss what to do in situations where SSB< Blim or alternative forms of HCR for the advice rule. Building community understanding and con- sensus around simplified and harmonised guidelines has yet to be achieved. A further workshop WKREF3 will be required to achieve that aim. The report includes 6 recommendations for ACOM consideration.ICESThe main objective of the workshop was to review the recommendations of WKREF1 and con-
sider how these might feed into a new reference points framework and guidelines for ICES.
There were a number of presentations on the wider issues of best practice for reference points,
the Allee effect, density dependence and the WKIRISH approach. The starting point was to try
and develop a set of simplified and harmonised guidelines based on the WKREF1 report rather
than evolving the current guidelines to include the WKREF1 conclusions. A key aspect of the
meeting was to allow for discussions in order to build a shared understanding of the strengths
and weakness of the current framework and of the new framework emerging from WKREF1.PublishedNon Referee
Качественная характеристика донных цист артемии (Artemia Leach, 1819) в гипергалинных озерах Алтайского края
No full textBottom Artemia cysts from 22 hyperhaline lakes of the Altai Territory have been investigated. Four groups of Artemia bottom eggs were identified: ext ernally whole cysts; cysts with a defective chorion (rounded, whole with breaks and irregularities on the shell surface); eggs without a chorion (orange, rounded or irregular in shape, soft); cysts and eggs with abnormal coloration (black or gray chorion). On average, the proportion of ext ernally whole cysts in lakes was 54.8 % (Cv=31.4 %); for the cysts with a defective chorion it was 28.9 % (Cv=47.7 %), and for the eggs without a chorion it was 13.7 % (Cv=77.2 %). Cysts with black and gray chorion coloration have been recorded in the muddy soils of the Yodnoe (Iodine) Lake (42.3 % of the total concentration of cysts in the lake), Kuchuk Lake, Malinovoe (Raspberry) Lake, Bolshoe (Big) Yarovoe Lake, Kulunda Lake, and Maloe (Small) Yarovoe Lake (1.8 %; Cv=111.8 %). The correlation between the proportion of externally whole cysts and the content of sand in the soil (r=0.229) has been proved; cysts and eggs of black and gray color have been recorded in silty soils or in the soils with a high content of silt (r=0.212). No cysts were found in salt deposits, and the concentration of externally whole Artemia cysts decreases in the soils with an admixture of salt (r=-0.213). The average hatching rate of nauplii from bottom cysts in lakes was 7.8 % (0–22 %).Исследованы донные цисты артемии из 22 гипергалинных озер Алтайского края. Выделены четыре группы донных яиц артемии: внешне-полноценные цисты, цисты с поврежденным хорионом (округлые, целые с трещинами и неровностями на поверхности оболочки), яйца без хориона (оранжевого цвета, неправильной или округлой формы, мягкие), цисты и яйца неестественной окраски (хорион черного или серого цвета). В среднем по озерам доля внешне-полноценных цист составляла 54,8 % (Cv=31,4 %), цист с поврежденным хорионом — 28,9 % (Cv=47,7 %), яиц без твердой оболочки — 13,7 % (Cv=77,2 %). Цисты с черной и серой окраской хориона наблюдались в илистых грунтах озер Йодное (42,3 % от общей концентрации цист в озере), Кучукское, Малиновое, Большое Яровое, Кулундинское и Малое Яровое (1,8 % при Cv=111,8 %). Доказана корреляция между долей внешне-полноценных цист и содержанием песка в грунте (r=0,229); цисты и яйца черного и серого цвета отмечались в илистых грунтах или грунтах с высоким содержанием илов (r=0,212). В солевых отложениях цисты не найдены; в грунтах с примесью соли концентрация внешне-полноценных цист артемии сокращается (r=-0,213). Средняя по озерам вылупляемость науплиусов из донных цист составляла 7,8 % (0–22 %).PublishedReferee
Climate Change Vulnerability Hotspots in the East African Indian Ocean Islands.
No full textClimate change exacerbates the multiple stressors of the economies of African countries frustrating the achievement of key development priorities. Like many Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the world, the East African Indian Ocean islands are particularly at risk. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts current impacts of climate change may likely exceed coping strategies making some islands and SIDS uninhabitable. The Indian Ocean Islands feel the impacts of climate change immediately and intensely because of their high exposure to natural disasters and their coastal and oceanic geographies. They are vulnerable to sea level rise and extreme weather events, which are becoming more severe and more frequent (due to climate change), causing damages to property and infrastructure, and even loss of life. The size and remoteness make SIDS and Indian Ocean Islands dependent on recourses imported and tourism revenue, increasing their vulnerabilities to pandemic threats such as COVID-19. According to the recently published IPCC report, the Indian Ocean has warmed faster than the global average, which means the region is likely to witness a continuous sea level rise, resulting in coastal erosion. As a United Nations specialized body with a mandate in science, UNESCO is highly committed to assisting the SIDS and Indian Ocean Islands to apply science, technology and innovation to build the adaptive capacities and resilience of communities and ecosystems to climate change. Over 30 UNESCO programmes in the sciences, education, culture and communication contribute to creating knowledge, educating and communicating about climate change, and to understanding the ethical implications for present and future generations. UNESCO supports policy makers so that Member States can meet their obligations under the Paris Agreement. Together with UNFCCC and other partners, UNESCO continues to provide guidance on the implementation of the education articles of the Climate Convention and of the Paris Agreement. At the policy level, UNESCO supports Member States in order to accelerate progress towards achievement of their commitments to the 2015 Paris Agreement. The Organization also ensures coherence between the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 4, Target 4.7 (which addresses Education for Sustainable Development, among others) and Sustainable Development Goal 13 (which addresses climate change). This publication, which accentuates the climate vulnerability hotspots of the East African Indian Ocean Islands is timely and will help stakeholders identify areas needing critical interventions to avert climate-related risks. We are hopeful that the findings will also stimulate policy decisions that drive investments for resilience building in the Indian Ocean Islands in the East African region.PublishedNot Know
Influence of connection on local and beta diversity responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to hydrological level oscillations.
No full textThe hydrological regime is the main driver of ecosystems, as it has strong control over environmental and biological variables. The types of lake systems comprise different, including those sporadically isolated and isolated individuals (LP) to isolated individuals. It is expected that variations in the hydrological level exert different types of habitats on these two types of communities, directly influencing the structure of the communities of these vertebrae, as well as the benthic macroinvertebrates. Evidence of biodiversity from macroinvertebrate communities and LPs to hydrological variations still in LE is scarce and comes from small in spatial and temporal scales. Invest as a richness, density and beta diversity of macroinvertebrates of the community at different hydrological periods (lower, intermediate and high-level periods in LE and LP. A time series of 1 of the hydrological level and biological samples from six lakes were used (LE and 3 LP) from 3 biological years of the upper Paraná River flooding. Richness was obtained in periods of major and minor oscillations and high density in periods of hydrological oscillations. These curvilinear relationships are both LE and for LP, the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates between periods of low oscillations differed, high beta only in LE. The low regional level periods more for water level beta diversity) the low water level periods BD, the LP higher. According to Redundancy Analysis (RDA), both in LE and macroinvertebrate diversity was mainly structured by environmental factors (ie, oxygen, consonance, turbidity, fish density and macrophyte richness) during periods of low water level. On the other hand, during periods of high hydrological level, the hydrological level was a single structuring forcing of macroinvertebrate diversity. Based on the results obtained, the responses of the macroinvertebrate community to hydrological oscillations tend to be different in LE and LP. Specifically, these are the most pronounced responses in LE, where local environmental factors play a stronger structuring role. The greatest contribution that LE and LP occur to macroinvertebrate diversity in different hydrological periods. Therefore, this evidence that preserves the wide variety of LE and LP in the floodplain is critical to maintaining local and regional biotic communities.O regime hidrológico é o principal direcionador dos ecossistemas de planície de inundação, pois apresenta forte controle sobre variáveis ambientais e biológicas. Os sistemas de planície são compostos por diferentes tipos de lagos, incluindo aqueles esporadicamente (LE) conectados e aqueles permanentemente (LP) conectados aos rios. É esperado que as variações no nível hidrológico exerçam pressões distintas sobre esses dois tipos de lagos, influenciando diretamente a estrutura das comunidades desses habitats, assim como os macroinvertebrados bentônicos. Evidências de como a biodiversidade das comunidades de macroinvertebrados respondem a variações hidrológicas em LE e LP ainda são escassas e oriundas de estudos em pequenas escalas espaciais e temporais. Investigou-se como a riqueza, densidade e diversidade beta da comunidade de macroinvertebrados respondem a diferentes períodos hidrológicos (períodos de nível baixo, intermediário e alto) em LE e LP. Utilizou-se uma série temporal de 14 anos do nível hidrológico e amostragens biológicas de seis lagos rasos (3 LE e 3 LP) da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Obteve-se maior riqueza e densidade em períodos de oscilações intermediárias e menor em períodos de baixa e alta oscilações hidrológicas. Essas relações curvilíneas ocorreram tanto LE quanto para LP. Contudo, a diversidade beta de macroinvertebrados bentônicos diferiu entre períodos de oscilações baixa, intermediária e alta apenas em LE. Os LE contribuíram mais para a diversidade beta regional (nível de planície) durante períodos de baixo nível de água (LCBD maior), os LP contribuíram mais durante períodos de nível alto de água. De acordo com a Análise de Redundância (RDA), tanto em LE quanto em LP a diversidade dos macroinvertebrados foi fortemente estruturada por fatores ambientais (i.e., oxigênio, condutividade, turbidez, densidade de peixes e riqueza de macrófitas) durante períodos de baixo nível de água. Durante períodos de nível hidrológico alto, o nível hidrológico foi a única força estruturante da diversidade dos macroinvertebrados. Mediante os resultados obtidos, as respostas da comunidade de macroinvertebrados para as oscilações hidrológicas tendem a ser diferentes em LE e LP. Especificamente, essas respostas são mais pronunciadas em LE, onde os fatores ambientais locais exercem um papel estruturante mais forte. A maior contribuição que LE e LP tem para diversidade de macroinvertebrados ocorre em períodos hidrológicos distintos. Portanto, isso evidencia que preservar a grande variedade de LE e LP em planície de inundação é fundamental para manter a biodiversidade local e regional de comunidades bióticas.Master
Effect of homeopathic medicines for human use on the sexual maturation of american oyster Crassostrea virginica broodstock.
No full textEn el Centro Ostrícola Tecnológico de Tabasco, COTET-México, se evaluó el efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos autorizados para uso humano por la Secretaría de Salud de México y productos homeopáticos diseñados por el CIBNOR, durante el acondicionamiento gonádico de reproductores de ostión americano Crassostrea virginica. En el diseño experimental se consideró una muestra inicial (T0), dos tratamientos homeopáticos [T1 (ViP-7C + ViA-7C), T2 (PhA-7C + SiT-7C)] y un tratamiento control T3 (agua destilada). La respuesta fisiológica se cuantificó mediante la frecuencia (%) de estadios de desarrollo gonádico en hembras y machos, durante un periodo de 30 días. Al concluir el bioensayo, los reproductores que recibieron los tratamientos T1 y T2 fueron capaces de re-madurar, desovar y producir larvas viables. Esto sugiere una potencial aplicabilidad de estos tratamientos en la producción comercial de semillas de C. virginica.At the Centro Ostrícola Tecnológico de Tabasco (COTET-MX), the effect of homeopathic medicines authorized for human use by the Ministry of Health of Mexico and homeopathic products designed by CIBNOR, were evaluated during gonadal conditioning of american oyster Crassostrea virginica broodstock. In the experimental design, an initial sample (T0), two homeopathic treatments [T1 (ViP-7C + ViA-7C), T2 (PhA-7C + SiT-7C)] and a control treatment T3 (distilled water) were considered. The physiological response was quantified by the frequency (%) of gonadal development stages in females and males, during a period of 30 days. At the end of the bioassay, the broodstock that received treatments T1 and T2 were able to re-mature, spawn and produce viable larvae. This suggests a potential applicability of these treatments in the commercial production of C. virginica seeds.PublishedReferee
Illustrated keys for the classification of the Cuban marine and estuarine crabs Malacostraca: Brachyura) I
No full textLos primeros registros de braquiuros cubanos datan del siglo XVIII. Desde entonces no se ha publicado ninguna clave ilustrada de identificación para estos importantes crustáceos. Aparecen asiduamente en cualquier colecta de invertebrados marinos bentónicos cubanos. Su identificación no es demasiado sencilla, pues existen más de 300 especies en el país. En esta primera parte de una serie de trabajos que comienza, se ofrece las claves ilustradas necesarias para la identificación de 18 géneros y 29 especies de las familias Cyclodo- rippidae, Cymonomidae. Dromiidae, Homolodromidae, Homolidae, Latreillidae y Ra- ninidae, pertenecientes a la sección Podotremata. También se ofrece la información para identificar 25 géneros y 42 especies pertenecientes a las familias Aethridae, Calappidae, Carpiliidae, Chasmocarcinidae, Eriphidae, Ethusidae, Euryplacidae, Goneplacidae, Leu- cosiidae, Mathildellidae, Menippidae y Oziidae, de la sección Eubrachyura, subsección Heterotremata.The first records of Cuban brachyurans date back to the 18th century. From then to the present no illustrated identification key has been published for these important crustaceans. They regularly appear in any collection of Cuban benthic marine invertebrates. Its identification is not very simple, since there are more than 300 species in the country. In this first part of a series of works that is beginning, the illustrated keys necessary for the identification of 18 genera and 29 species of the families: Cyclodorippidae, Cymonomidae, Dromiidae, Homolodromidae, Homolidae, Latreillidae and Raninidae, belonging to the Podotremata section. Information is also provided to identify 25 genera and 42 species belonging to the families: Aethridae, Calappidae, Carpiliidae, Chasmocarcinidae, Eriphidae, Ethusidae, Euryplacidae, Goneplacidae, Leucosiidae, Mathildellidae, Menippidae and Oziidae of the Eubrachyura section, Heterotremata subsectionPublishedReferee
Protección del medio marino, rol de la Autoridad Marítima
No full textEn el contexto nacional, la Dirección General Marítima (Dimar), como entidad llamada a aplicar, coordinar, fiscalizar y hacer cumplir las normas nacionales e internacionales tendientes a la preservación y protección del medio marino (PMM), históricamente ha fortalecido el proceso que se encarga de determinar y aplicar las medidas para prevenir y contener la contaminación derivada de diferentes actividades marítimas; así como el control y la vigilancia de las mismas a través de acciones coordinadas, tanto a nivel nacional, regional e internacional.PublishedNot Know
País de Mares No. 12
No full textContenido - Editorial - Mujeres Dimar hacen historia en los mares, ríos y puertos de Colombia - Mujeres Dimar hacen historia en los mares, ríos y puertos de Colombia - El futuro marítimo de La Guajira - Aspectos generales acerca de las funciones jurisdiccionales de la Autoridad Marítima Colombiana - Agenda Dimar - Identificación de especies de fitoplancton en el Pacífico colombiano: una labor trascendental para la toma de decisiones relacionada con la contaminación biológica generada por buques - Colombia comprometida con la protección del medio ambiente antártico - Importancia del mantenimiento en los buques basado en la implementación del Reglamento Nacional sobre Gestión para la Seguridad Operacional de Naves y la Prevención de la Contaminación - Dimar en Imágenes - Las ballenas jorobadas nos visitan desde la Antártida - Seguimiento satelital de bosque de manglar: oportunidades para la gestión y conservación del Pacífico colombiano - Ordenamiento espacial marino-costero de las playas del Distrito de Cartagena - Gestión del agua de lastre: implementación de la evaluación del riesgo de introducción de especies - Integración sostenible con la comunidad: la clave del éxito de la gestión integral de las zonas costeras - Sabanilla y Country, Puerto Colombia, playas modelo con proyección internacional - Representaciones del mar en la publicidad - Reseña histórica del Centro Colombiano de Datos Oceanográficos - #LéxicoDelMarPublishedNon Referee