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UNESCO evaluation insights: Evaluation of the strategic positioning of IOC-UNESCO.
No full textIn 2017, the UN General Assembly declared the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). It has entrusted IOC-UNESCO with the design and delivery of the Decade to ensure that ocean science is indeed underpinning sustainable ocean management and the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda more broadly. Fulfilling its mandate as trustee of the Ocean Decade, as well as delivering on a growing list of additional roles, in an oceanographic space that is both expanding and increasingly crowded, establishes an important opportunity but also an overarching challenge for IOC-UNESCO. In the context of the upcoming UN Decade of the Ocean, the IOC-UNESCO agreed with the Internal Oversight Service (IOS) on the merit of conducting an evaluation of its strategic positioning within the UN system and the broader landscape of ocean-related actors and programmes, taking into account relevant enabling policy frameworks to which the work of the Commission responds.OPENASFA INPUT
Published by UNESCO's Internal Oversight Service.PublishedNot Know
Early warning systems (EWS) based on educational management information systems (EMIS): Community of Data Specialists for Educational Planning: synthesis report of the regional virtual workshop, 3.
No full textOn November 23, 2021 the Regional Bureau for Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (OREALC/UNESCO Santiago) and the Latin American Office of UNESCO’s International Institute for Educational Planning (IIPE) organised the third Regional Virtual Workshop on the Community of Data Specialists for Educational Planning The Regional Virtual Workshop provided a group work space in which officials, civil servants and data specialists from 14 countries participated. They reflected on school dropout prevention and on the region’s Early Warning System experiences. This report systematises the main reflections and experiences shared in the meeting.OPENASFA INPUTPublishedNot Know
Видовое разнообразие и относительная численность сеголеток рыб в Мешинском заливе Куйбышевского водохранилища
No full textThe article provides data analysis on the species composition and relative number of the fingerlings in the Meshinsky Bay of the Volga-Kama Reach of the Kuibyshev Reservoir during the research period from 2019 to 2021. The total number of species in the studied years was 19, among them the bleak, the Black Sea puffy-cheeked needle-fish, roach and the Black Sea-Caspian seal were dominant. The highest value of the Shannon Diversity index was noted in 2020.Приведены и проанализированы данные по видовому составу и относительной численности сеголеток рыб в Мешинском заливе Волжско-Камского плеса Куйбышевского водохранилища в период исследований с 2019 по 2021 гг. Общее число видов в исследуемые годы равнялось 19, среди них доминирующими были уклейка, черноморская пухлощекая игла-рыба, плотва и черноморско-каспийская тюлька. Наибольшее значение индекса видового разнообразия Шеннона отмечено в 2020 году.PublishedNon Referee
Вертикальное распределение биогенных элементов в 2019 году в районе г. Геленджик
No full textInvestigation of the vertical distribution of nutrients is an important component in studying the entire ecosystem of the Black Sea. Biogenic elements play a crucial role in the primary production in the sea coastal zone and are among the main indicators of the ecological state of marine waters. Any changes in nutrient regime are reflected in biological marine plankton communities. This work was aimed at the investigation of the seasonal vertical dynamics of biogenic elements in the northeastern part of the Black Sea near the city of Gelendzhik in 2019. To determine concentration of nutrients, the methods standard to the practice of marine hydrochemical studies have been used. As a result of this investigation, it has been found that nitrate and ammonium forms of nitrogen, and mineral phosphorus have well-defined concentration maxima that correspond to certain values of conditional density. There is one deep maximum in the vertical distribution of nitrates; on average, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is 5.57 μmol/L. Vertical profile of phosphates has an upper maximum (average concentration of 1.39 μmol/L), a minimum (1.19 μmol/L) and a lower maximum (6.64 μmol/L) of concentrations. Seasonal changes in climatic conditions, coastal runoff and rate of phytoplankton consumption determine the dynamics of nutrient concentrations in the photic layer of marine waters.Исследование вертикального распределения биогенных элементов является важной составляющей изучения всей экосистемы Черного моря. Биогенные элементы имеют большое значение для первичной продукции в прибрежной зоне моря и являются одним из главных показателей экологического состояния морских вод. Любые изменения режима биогенных элементов отражаются на биологических морских планктонных сообществах. Целью данной работы являлось исследование сезонной вертикальной динамики биогенных элементов в северо-восточной части Черного моря в районе г. Геленджик в 2019 г. Для определения концентрации биогенных веществ применялись методы, являющиеся стандартными в практике морских гидрохимических работ. В результате проведенного исследования было выявлено, что нитратная, аммонийная форма азота и минеральный фосфор имеют хорошо выраженные максимумы концентраций, которые соответствуют определенным значениям условной плотности. В вертикальном распределении нитратов имеется один глубинный максимум; концентрации нитратного азота в среднем составляют 5,57 мкмоль/л. Для вертикального профиля фосфатов характерен верхний максимум (средняя концентрация — 1,39 мкмоль/л), минимум (1,19 мкмоль/л) и нижний максимум концентраций (6,64 мкмоль/л). Сезонные изменения климатических условий, береговой сток и скорость потребления фитопланктоном обуславливают динамику концентраций биогенных веществ в фотическом слое морских вод.PublishedReferee
Оценка токсичности тканей пиленгаса при помощи цельноклеточных бактериальных люминесцентных сенсоров
No full textContamination of aquatic organisms with pollutants leads to depletion of genetic resources, both due to a decrease in the number of species, and to degradation of their gene pools caused by accumulation of the changes in genetic parameters. In this regard, ecotoxicological studies are important both in terms of predicting the fish state and in relation to the state and the bioresource potential of the investigated water body. This paper presents the results of ecotoxicological assessment of various tissues of the so-iuy mullet (Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)), living in the Azov Sea , obtained by biotesting based on whole-cell luminescent bacterial sensors (E. coli MG1655 (pAlkA-lux), E. coli MG1655 (pRecA-lux), E. coli MG1655 (pKatG-lux), and E. coli MG1655 (pSoxS-lux)). It has been shown that liver, gills and muscle tissue of so-iuy mullet can serve as analytical samples for monitoring the toxicity of aquatic ecosystems. In the majority of the investigated tissue samples of so-iuy mullet, toxic effects, induced by the presence of DNA-tropic agents and prooxidants, have been found. In has been shown that the gills and liver are much more susceptible to the toxic effects of pollutants than the muscle tissue. The obtained results indicate the negative impact of anthropogenic activities on this fish population and may be useful for assessing the ecotoxicological characteristics of aquatic ecosystems.Загрязнение гидробионтов поллютантами приводит к истощению генетических ресурсов, причем как за счет уменьшения численности видов, так и за счет деградации их генофондов, вызванной накоплением изменений генетических показателей. В связи с этим проведение экотоксикологических исследований важно как в плане прогноза состояния самих рыб, так и в отношении состояния и биоресурсного потенциала исследуемого водоема. В работе представлены результаты экотоксикологической оценки различных тканей пиленгаса (Planiliza haematocheilus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)), обитающего в Азовском море, полученные методом биотестирования на основе цельноклеточных люминесцентных бактериальных сенсоров (E. coli MG1655 (pAlkA-lux), E. coli MG1655 (pRecA-lux), E. coli MG1655 (pKatG-lux), E. coli MG1655 (pSoxS-lux)). Показано, что печень, жабры и мышечная ткань пиленгаса могут служить аналитическими пробами для мониторинга токсичности водных экосистем. В большинстве образцов исследованных тканей пиленгаса обнаружены токсичные эффекты, обусловленные присутствием ДНК-тропных и прооксидантных веществ. Показано, что печень и жабры более подвержены токсическому воздействию поллютантов, чем мышечная ткань. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о негативном влиянии антропогенной деятельности на данную популяцию рыб и могут быть полезны для оценки экотоксикологических характеристик водных экосистем.PublishedReferee
Lista taxonómica de nemátodos marinos de vida libre del sistema de arrecife coralino Jardines de la Reina, Cuba
No full textThe coral reef system Jardines de la Reina ( JR) includes one of the most remarkable Marine Protected Areas in the Caribbean due to its extension and high level of conservation. However, the diversity of small invertebrates (organisms with body size less than 0.5 mm) in JR is unknown. For this reason, we propose to make the first taxonomic checklist of free-living marine nematodes associated with coralline bottoms in JR. During the Alucia expedition in 2017, we studied six sites in the reef terrace (5m–10 m depth), distributed in the west, center and east of the JR archipelago. We identified 1 546 nematodes belonging to 70 species, 20 families, and six orders. The best represented orders were Chromadorida (20 genera), Desmodorida (18 genera) and Enoplida (13 genera). The most abundant species were Croconema cinctum, Euchromadora vulgaris, Desmodora communis, Chromadora brevipapillata, and Dichromadora amphidiscoides. Ten species were new records for Cuba Chromadorina epidemos, Desmoscolex campbelli, Draconema ophicephalum, Metadesmodora amphidiscata, Oncholaimus sp., Paracyatholaimus intermedius, Perepsilonema ritae, Praeacanthonchus sp, Prochromadorella mediterranea and Zalonema vicentei.El sistema de arrecifes coralinos Jardines de la Reina ( JR) incluye una de las Áreas Malias y seis órdenes. Los órdenes mejor representados fueron Chromadorida (20 géneros), Desmodorida (18 géneros) y Enoplida (13 géneros). Las especies más abundantes fue- ron Croconema cinctum, Euchromadora vulgaris, Desmodo- ra communis, Chromadora brevipapillata y Dichromadora amphidiscoides. Diez especies fueron nuevos registros para Cuba: Chromadorina epidemos, Desmoscolex campbelli, Draconema ophicephalum, Metadesmodora amphidiscata, Oncholaimus sp., Paracyatholaimus intermedius, Perepsilonema ritae, Praeacanthonchus sp., Prochromadorella mediterranea y Zalonema vicentei.rinas Protegidas más notables del Caribe por su extensión y nivel de conservación. Sin embargo, la diversidad de invertebrados pequeños (organismos con tamaños corporales menores a 0.5 mm) en JR es desconocida. Por ello se propone confeccionar la primera lista taxonómica de nemátodos marinos de vida libre asociados a fondos coralinos en JR. Durante la expedición del buque Alucia en 2017 se estudiaron seis sitios en la zona de la terraza del arrecife (5m–10 m de profundidad), distribuidos en el oeste, centro y este del archipiélago JR. Se identificaron 1 546 nemátodos pertenecientes a 70 especies, 20 familias y seis órdenes. Los órdenes mejor representados fueron Chromadorida (20 géneros), Desmodorida (18 géneros) y Enoplida (13 géneros). Las especies más abundantes fue- ron Croconema cinctum, Euchromadora vulgaris, Desmodo- ra communis, Chromadora brevipapillata y Dichromadora amphidiscoides. Diez especies fueron nuevos registros para Cuba: Chromadorina epidemos, Desmoscolex campbelli, Draconema ophicephalum, Metadesmodora amphidiscata, Oncholaimus sp., Paracyatholaimus intermedius, Perepsilo- nema ritae, Praeacanthonchus sp., Prochromadorella medi- terranea y Zalonema vicentei.PublishedReferee
A study on the spawning season of 3 Acropora species in Nha Trang bay, Southern waters of Vietnam
No full textSpecimens for the study on coral spawning of three species were collected at two sites in Nha Trang bay, South Vietnam, in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019. The determination of spawning seasons was based on observations of gonadogenesis development of A. florida and A. robusta and variation of egg average sizes of these two species and A. hyacinthus. Data analysis and comparative discussions allow us to assume that the 3 Acropora species exhibited single cycle spawning annually and their spawning period occurred in March/April between the full moon and crescent moon. However, their maturity periods were not the same, starting before and ending after the full moon for A. florida and A. robusta but starting after the full moon and lasting until the crescent moon for A. hyainthus. Further studies are needed to improve the understanding of coral spawning and support coral restoration using sexual reproduction.PublishedReferee
Effect of freezing period on chemical composition, microbial load and some pathogenic bacteria of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
No full textThis study evaluated the effects of freezing periods on nutritional values, microbial loads, and some pathogenic bacteria in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). 8 kg. Samples were collected from El-mawourda Fish Market in Khartoum State, for four experimental treatments. The treatments were conducted on the period 0 day, 7 days, 15 days and 21 days. It is noticed that the freezing period effect on the nutritional value, microbial load and some pathogenic bacteria of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) revealed that the lowest average nutritional assessment of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) observed for protein 20% at the third period of freezing (21 days), and minerals were calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium (5.6 – 2.7%, 4.8 – 2.9%, 2.6 – 2.9%, 1.1 – 0.71%, 4.5 – 2.8%) respectively. The result of this study clarified that the freezing period has a considerable consequence (p ≤ 0.05) on the chemical composition, microbial load and same pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).PublishedReferee
Evaluation of maximum catch limits and closure areas in the Western Mediterranean (STECF-22-01).
No full textCommission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, aquaculture or similar disciplines. This report is the eighth of a suite of STECF EWG reports dedicated to the evaluation of the implementation of the Western Mediterranean Sea Multi-Annual management Plan (hereafter, MAP), following EWG reports 18-09, 18-13, 19-01, 19-14, 20-13, 21-01 and 21-13. The group was requested to implement mixed fisheries bio-economic models to run a number of scenarios up to 2025 with varying parameters and up to 2030 with fixed parameters, to evaluate existing closure areas implemented since 2020 and 2022, maximum catch limits (MCLs) implemented since 2022 and draft a mixed fisheries advice. For all mixed fisheries models applied during the EWG, the data from the DCF official data calls and from the western Mediterranean stock assessments, were the same as the ones used during STECF EWG 21-13, as there were no updates since 2021. The non-spatially explicit mixed fisheries models, IAM (for EMU 1) and BEMTOOL (for EMU 2), focused on the scenarios evaluating MCLs on ARA, ARS and HKE. Reference MCLs for ARA and ARS where obtained from the Regulation EU 2022/110 and from STECF EWG 21-11, while for HKE were obtained solely from EWG 21-11. IAM was updated to differentiate between a coastal and a deep-water trawling within the Spanish fleet segments, as France does not have a deep-water fishery at present. As the model timescale has a yearly resolution, it was not possible to estimate the effect of a monthly MCL. The scenarios considered had a MCL for HKE, one for ARA, and one for both HKE and ARA. These scenarios were run for a decreasing MCL through time (forward scenario: aims at reaching catch at Fmsy by 2025) and an increasing MCL through time (inverse scenario: starting value is catch at Fmsy) accounting for the distribution of stocks by GSA, for a total of 10 scenarios alternative to the baseline. None of the scenarios allowed reaching Fmsy for all six species targeted by the MAP, except when applying a MCL on both ARA and HKE, simultaneously. The results for the HKE stock should be taken with caution as the MCL was applied only to trawlers in these scenarios, but this species can generally be targeted also by longliners and gillnetters. The economic consequences of scenarios accounting for a MCL on HKE, or both ARA and HKE, lead to a massive drop of GVA for the Spanish and French trawling fleets, while economic advantages are observed for longliners and gillnetters. BEMTOOL was updated and refined to consider the different types of fishing activity exerted by each fleet segment at metier level. The model timescale is set at a monthly resolution, so it was possible to run scenarios accounting for a monthly MCL (monthly flexibility was not considered). Only scenarios accounting for a MCL either for ARA or ARS where run, but never in combination (ARA+ARS), nor considering a MCL on HKE, for a total of eight scenarios: forward scenario, inverse scenario, monthly forward scenario, monthly inverse scenario, once with an MCL on ARA and once with an MCL on ARS. Implementing a MCL on the deep-water fisheries suggested an improvement for all stocks except for HKE. ARA and ARS would improve thanks to the control of the MCL, while MUT, DPS and NEP would stay within the upper and lower limits of Fmsy, despite the reallocation of fishing effort from deep to coastal fisheries. The implementation of a reverse MCL did not show a recovery of the stocks. Moreover, a MCL split by month seems to have a lower impact on the catches of ARA and ARS in the short term. The GVA shows an increase for the passive gears fleets (i.e., gillnetters and longliners) and a strong decrease for all trawling fleets in the first two years, with a stable trend over the following years. The spatially explicit mixed fisheries model ISIS-Fish also ran scenarios accounting for MCLs, but only for HKE in GSA 7, implementing a forward, an inverse and a monthly MCL for a total of four scenarios. The forward scenario led to fishing mortalities below Fmsy in 2025 because the value defined for MCL did not account for biomass rebuilding. On the other hand, the fishing mortality achieved using the HCR in the inverse scenario, never fell below Fmsy, because of the unrestricted catches of netters and long-liners. In terms of revenues, both MCL paths led to strong decreases for trawlers. The spatially explicit mixed fisheries models, ISIS-Fish (GSA 7) and SMART (EMU 2), focused on the evaluation of closure areas: existing closure areas, existing closure areas which were seasonal to become permanent, existing closure areas extended to all fishing gears, additional closure areas (only EMU 2), expansion of closure areas by 50% (only EMU 2) and expansion of closure areas by 100% (only EMU 2). ISIS-Fish was applied only for HKE in GSA 7 being the first time this model was used within this working group. The extension of closure areas to all fishing gears (passive gears on top of trawlers) in GSA 7 did not show any improvement, while shifting from a seasonal to a permanent closure showed a decrease in F and an increase in SSB. A decrease of catches of juvenile hake of 20% was observed both with seasonal and permanent closures. Catches of adults increased due to recovery of the stock and considering the low level of initial catches. It should be noted that revenues increased for passive gears but decreased for trawlers. SMART was updated, increasing the spatial resolution of the spatial grid of the model, to be in line with outputs of the ad-hoc contracts preceding the EWG and with ISIS-Fish. None of the scenarios considered for EMU 2 evaluating spatial closures allowed to reach Fmsy by 2025, except for MUT in 10 and NEP in 9 which remains underutilized. SSB shows, nevertheless, an increase across years. None of the scenarios allowed to reduce catches by 20% for all species. All scenarios are associated with a sharp decrease in revenues; spatial closures not widened or seasonal would involve lower decrease of the profits than widened and permanent closures. Loss of profits is more evident for VL12-18 and VL18-24, although the loss is evident for all fleet segments. During EWG 22-01 no explicit comparison between the implementation of an effort regime and a MCL regime was run. The group advices to do so accounting for the limitations encountered in the implementation of MCLs during EWG 22-01. It should be noted that the reduction of GVA is estimated in the short term (up to 2025), but further tests should be done to estimate the trend of GVAs in the mid- and long-term. It is highlighted that given the large number of other species exploited beyond the key ones included in the management plan and in the simulation models, the actual socio-economic impact of the plan remains uncertain. Also, the economic results are presented considering a constant number of vessels, and would differ if the number of vessels is reduced. Additionally, it is difficult to evaluate the socio-economic impact of the MAP on the fleets as at present no socio-economic reference points are used to compare the results against those.European UnionSubmittedNon Referee
PICES Press, Vol. 30, No. 2, Summer 2022
No full textIntersessional Science Board Meeting 2022 - Note from the Science Board Chair. FUTURE SSC's 8th Intersessional Meeting ~ Highlights. SmartNet Event: Establishing Global Knowledge Networks to Achieve "A Productive Ocean." PICES and ICES at Our Ocean 2022, Palau. Looking forward to a return to in-person annual meetings at PICES-2022. An Invitation to the Science Communication Workshop at PICES 2022: How to Create Memorable PICES Science Stories. PICES Ciguatera Project in International News. Exploring Human Networks to Power Sustainability. AP-ECOP's Early Career Ocean Professionals Update: ECOP cross-pollination in PICES and Internationally. Eagerly anticipating the 4th ICES/PICES ECS Conference this July! PICES Contributions to OSM 2022. Pacific Ecology and Evolution Conference (PEEC). Update on the Bering Sea. The western North Pacific during the 2021/2022 cold season. Cool winter and early spring conditions in the Northeast Pacific. Remembering Timothy Parsons - Pre-eminent Canadian marine scientist. PICES Calendar of Events. PICES Science Images & Call for submissions. PICES By the Numbers. About PICES Press.PublishedNon Referee