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Multiple ocean stressors: a scientific summary for policy makers.
No full textThis Scientific Summary on Multiple Ocean Stressors for Policy Makers offers a reference for all concerned stakeholders to understand and discuss all types of ocean stressors. This document will help coordinate action to better understand how multiple stressors interact and how the cumulative pressures they cause can be tackled and managed. It is a first step towards increased socio-ecological resilience to multiple ocean stressors (Figure 1). Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM)1 recognizes the complex and interconnected nature of ecosystems, and the integral role of humans in these ecosystems. EBM integrates ecological, social and governmental principles. It considers the tradeoffs and interactions between ocean stakeholders (e.g. fishing, shipping, energy extraction) and their goals, while addressing the reduction of conflicts and the negative cumulative impacts of human activities on ecosystem resilience and sustainability. Thus, EBM is an ideal science-based approach for managing the impacts of cumulative stressors on marine ecosystems. The United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030; Ocean Decade), which is based on a multi-stakeholder consultative process, identified 10 Ocean Decade Challenges. Challenge 2: Understand the effects of multiple stressors on ocean ecosystems, and develop solutions to monitor, protect, manage and restore ecosystems and their biodiversity under changing environmental, social and climate conditions addresses the overall outcomes of the Decade. In particular, outcomes aimed at a clean, healthy and resilient, safe and predicted, sustainably harvested and productive, and accessible ocean, with open and equitable access to data, information and technology and innovation by 2030. This Scientific Summary for Policy Makers is also a call to action underlining the urgency to understand, model and manage multiple ocean stressors now. We cannot manage what we do not understand, and we cannot be efficient without prioritization of ocean actions appropriate to the place and time.OPENASFA INPUT
The complete report should be cited as follows:
IOC-UNESCO. 2022. Multiple Ocean Stressors: A Scientific Summary for Policy Makers. P.W. Boyd et al. (eds). Paris, UNESCO. 20 pp. (IOC Information Series, 1404) doi:10.25607/OBP-1724PublishedReferee
UNESCO and the Ocean. [Item 29 of the provisional agenda for the 214th Session of the Executive Board.]
No full textThis item has been included in the provisional agenda of the 214th session of the Executive Board at the request of Colombia, Egypt, Kenya, Monaco, Morocco, Oman, Palau, Portugal, Serbia and Togo. An explanatory note, together with a proposed decision is attached. 1. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) undertakes a significant number of ocean-related activities. Founded in 1960, UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) brings together 150 Member States. It coordinates major global ocean programmes such as ocean observing, data management, tsunami warning, develops ecosystem-based approaches to ocean management, and acts as a custodian agency for reporting on SDG targets 14.3 and 14.a. UNESCO is also the guardian of 232 marine biosphere reserves and 50 marine World Heritage sites of outstanding universal value. 2. It is within this context that UNESCO, through IOC, is coordinating the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (“the Ocean Decade”), from 2021 to 2030. The Ocean Decade provides a common framework to ensure that ocean science can ably support countries in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This year, the Ocean Decade is high on agenda of major international summits, such as the “One Ocean Summit” (Brest, February 2022) and the UN Ocean Conference (Lisbon, June 2022), setting the stage for collective mobilization on ocean and climate issues at the 27th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 27, Sharm El-Sheikh, November 2022) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 3. At the One Ocean Summit, UNESCO announced its readiness to work with partners towards complete mapping of the seabed by 2030, compared to 20% currently, and to expand the work on ocean literacy, contributing to establishing more harmonious relations between humans and the ocean. These two announced ambitions complement other major UNESCO activities related to the ocean. It is relevant to note in this connection that knowledge of high-resolution ocean depth is essential to identifying the location of ocean faults, understanding of ocean currents, tides, and transport of sediments, anticipating seismic and tsunami risks, identifying natural sites and living marine resources that need to be safeguarded for sustainable exploitation. 4. The UNESCO ocean activities are conducted in line with resolutions and decisions adopted by UNESCO and IOC Member States. The second strategic objective of the UNESCO Medium-Term Strategy (2022-2029) is to “work towards sustainable societies by preserving the environment through the promotion of science, technology and natural heritage”. Its third outcome is to “enhance knowledge for climate action, respect for biodiversity, water and ocean management, and disaster risk reduction”. The IOC Medium-Term Strategy (2022-2029) focuses on ocean health, ocean-climate nexus, hazard warnings, ocean economy and knowledge of emerging ocean science issues. This work strongly contributes to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including Goal 14 “Conserve and sustainably use the Oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”. 5. Overall, the negative impact of climate change, land-based pollution, and other stressors on the ocean and marine life is alarming. While there is considerable progress on the international arena in terms of awareness, global efforts deployed so far to overcome these negative effects are still not up to the hoped-for level. 6. The combination of the forthcoming African Conference on Priority Setting and Partnership Development for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (Alexandria, May 2022) and the UNFCCC COP 27 (Sharm el-Sheikh, November 2022) represents a unique opportunity to develop an active research agenda on ocean and climate in line with the UNESCO global priority of Africa. 7. It is suggested therefore that Executive Board adopt a decision that UNESCO continues its active involvement in major ocean related events of 2022, and supports IOC in developing necessary partnerships, further strengthening momentum of the Ocean Decade, successfully seeking extrabudgetary resources and increasing UNESCO’s overall contribution to the protection of the seas and ocean from the effects of climate change as well as the preservation of the sustainability and diversity of marine life.OPENASFA INPUTPublishedNon Referee
Динамика запасов и использование сырьевой базы промысловых беспозвоночных в Баренцевом и Белом морях в 2000–2020 гг.
No full textHydrobionts have a high nutritional value and are the most important component of the food supply for the population of Russia. In the course of the study, the characteristics of the stocks and fisheries of the king crab, opilio snow crab, northern shrimp, Icelandic scallop, sea green urchin and other commercial invertebrates in 2000–2020 are presented. The raw material base of the fishery of the king crab and snow crab is used in full; the indices of their commercial biomass are 215 and 430 thousand tons, respectively; development of TAC – more than 90 %. While maintaining the current management strategy, their commercial stocks will be at a stable level or increase. The commercial stock of the northern shrimp in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters is in a satisfactory condition (at the end of 2020 it was estimated at 2.2 million tons); the distribution density of shrimp in the Russian EEZ has halved. The resource base of the Icelandic scallop fishery in the Barents Sea is not exploited due to the depressive state of the stock: the median of commercial biomass is at the level of 200 thousand tons, which is below the boundary biomass target (224 thousand tons). The growth in the catch of the sea urchin is due to the increased interest of fishers in this object. The annual catch of the sea urchin does not exceed 10 % of the recommended one, fishing efforts are unevenly distributed over different parts of the Murman coast. Cucumaria, mussel, trumpeter, shrimp bear cub, clema, euphausiids are caught in small quantities and remain in the category of underutilized fishery objects.Гидробионты обладают высокой пищевой ценностью и являются важнейшим компонентом продовольственного обеспечения населения России. В ходе исследования представлена характеристика запасов и промысла камчатского краба, краба-стригуна опилио, северной креветки, исландского гребешка, морского зеленого ежа и других промысловых беспозвоночных в 2000–2020 гг. Сырьевая база промысла камчатского краба и краба-стригуна используется в полном объеме; индексы их промысловой биомассы составляют соответственно 215 и 430 тыс. т; освоение ОДУ – более 90 %. При сохранении текущей стратегии управления их промысловые запасы будут находиться на стабильном уровне или возрастать. Промысловый запас северной креветки в Баренцевом море и сопредельных водах находится в удовлетворительном состоянии (в конце 2020 г. оценивался на уровне 2,2 млн т); плотность распределения креветки в ИЭЗ России снизилась в два раза. Сырьевая база промысла исландского гребешка в Баренцевом море не эксплуатируется ввиду депрессивного состояния запаса: медиана промысловой биомассы находится на уровне 200 тыс. т, что ниже граничного ориентира по биомассе (224 тыс. т). Рост вылова морского ежа обусловлен возросшим интересом промысловиков к этому объекту. Ежегодный вылов морского ежа не превышает 10 % от рекомендованного, промысловые усилия распределены неравномерно по различным участкам прибрежья Мурмана. Кукумария, мидия, трубач, шримс-медвежонок, клемы, эвфаузииды вылавливаются в небольших количествах и остаются в категории малоиспользуемых объектов промысла.PublishedReferee
nano shinbun ナ ノ 新 聞
No full textContent: 1)From the Editorial Board; 2) NF-POGO Centre of Excellence in Observational Oceanography; 3) NF-POGO Visiting Fellowship for Shipboard Training; 4) Alumni in the field; 5) NANO Research Project; 6) Research contributions; 7) Tribute to Kathleen (Mimoy) Silvano; 8) Scientific event announcementsPublishedReferee
Daytime breeze cycle characterization in a tropical coastal region using the WRF model: the case of the Gulf of Urabá, Colombia
No full textLa determinación de los campos de viento asociados a las brisas marinas es indispensable para la valoración de procesos oceánicos-atmosféricos en las zonas costeras, como el transporte de contaminantes y la generación del oleaje tipo wind sea. Con esta información es posible cuantificar efectos producidos desde el continente en el mar, así como entender los procesos de erosión costera durante el día. Es importante recalcar que en parte litoral del golfo de Urabá se realiza una frecuente disposición de plaguicidas esparcidos desde avionetas y que la costa este del golfo presenta procesos acelerados de erosión costera. En el presente trabajo se realizó la caracterización del ciclo diurno de las brisas marinas sobre las costas del golfo de Urabá, utilizando los resultados del modelo Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF). Con esta finalidad se analizaron los campos de viento y temperatura de enero y febrero de 2008 a 2013. Los valores del viento en varios niveles de la vertical, así como lo campos de viento superficial fueron comparados con información in situ. Se identificó un sistema de brisas que inicia su desplazamiento de mar a tierra entre las 07:00 y 10:00 hora local (HL) y se invierte entre las 13:00 y 16:00 HL. Una evidencia del cambio de dirección son los valores de temperatura superficial, los cuales se correlacionaron positivamente con el viento. Como trabajo futuro se espera que el modelo WRF sea implementado para años recientes, con el fin de realizar un proceso más adecuado de calibración/validación utilizando estaciones climáticas que se han instalado en los últimos años.Determining the wind fields associated with sea breezes is essential for assessing oceanic-atmospheric processes in coastal areas, such as the transport of pollutants and the generation of wind-sea waves. With this information, it is possible to quantify the produced effects from the continent in the sea and understand the coastal erosion processes during the day. It is important to emphasize that in the coastal part of the Gulf of Urabá, there is frequent disposal of pesticides spread from small planes and that the east coast of the gulf presents accelerated coastal erosion processes. In the present work, the characterization of the diurnal cycle of sea breezes on the coasts of the Gulf of Urabá was carried out using the results of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. To this purpose, wind and temperature fields were analyzed for January and February from 2008 to 2013. Wind values at various levels of the vertical and surface wind fields were compared with in situ information. It was found that the breeze system begins its movement from sea to land between 07:00 and 10:00 local time (LT) and reverses between 13:00 and 16:00LT. Evidence of the change of direction is the surface temperature values which were positively correlated with the wind. As future work, the WRF model is expected to be implemented for recent years to carry out an adequate calibration/validation process using climatic stations that have been installed lately.PublishedNon Referee
Ocean Decade & Ocean Conference. Item 5 of the Provisional Agenda: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Thirteenth Meeting of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Board, 6 May 2022 (P.M.) and 7 May 2022 (A.M.) Tunis, Tunisia
No full textThe present document contains information on activities of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Body and the Secretariat on the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) & the UN Ocean Conference in Lisbon. 1. The United Nations have proclaimed the Decade to support efforts to gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework that will ensure that ocean science can fully support countries in creating improved conditions for the sustainable development of the Ocean. 2. The Scientific and Technical Advisory Body (STAB) elaborated a Strategic Framework (see also full text in annex) on engaging in the UN Decade and presented it to the 8th Meeting of States Parties in 2021. The Meeting, in Resolution 4/8 MSP, welcomed the STAB’s Strategic Framework and reiterated the need to ensure full authorization of the concerned States and respect of confidentiality for unprotected sites in all mapping processes foreseen in it. The Meeting also called on Member States to support actions in the framework of the UN Decade of Ocean Science focusing on underwater and coastal cultural heritage financially. 3. In this regard, in February 2022, a letter was sent by the Secretariat to the States Parties to raise funding for the implementation of the Strategic Framework. Pending the necessary additional contributions, the STAB is invited to determine the priorities among the actions proposed in the Strategic Framework to launch its implementation.OPENASFA INPUT
Item 5 - 'Ocean Decade & Ocean Conference' of the Provisional Agenda of the 16th Meeting of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Body (STAB) of the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage held in Tunis, Tunisia on 6 and 7 May 2022.PublishedNon Referee
CSK-2 Data and Information Management Plan. Version 1
No full textThe Draft CSK-2 Data and Information Management Plan (DIMP) was prepared by the CSK-2 Task Force on Data and Information Management Plan, which was formed as per the decision of the CSK-2 International Steering Group at its first meeting (virtual, 8 December 2021).From Decade Action UN24. Explore the strongest ocean current in the Western Pacific: the 2nd Cooperative Study of Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions – from its sciences to human well beings (CSK-2)PublishedNon Referee
Colombian Caribbean warming and the intensity of hurricanes between June and December 2020
No full textValores de temperatura superficial del mar mayores de 29 °C ocurrieron de manera sostenida en toda el área del mar Caribe colombiano entre julio y diciembre de 2020. La estadística geográfica desarrollada para el mar Caribe colombiano, examinada desde imágenes térmicas de dicha temporada en el área de surgencia de La Guajira, mostró que estos valores sobrepasaron las medias mensuales y la media estacional que corresponde a la temporada de huracanes, con valores que no se habían observado anteriormente. Dichas temperaturas ocurrieron durante el desarrollo de los huracanes Eta e Iota, los cuales alcanzaron categorías 4 y 5 en su paso por el archipiélago de San Andrés y Providencia, y los países centroamericanos. La revisión de la climatología indicó que esta condición se presentó en el pico inverso del fenómeno El Niño (La Niña), durante la cual el régimen de vientos superficial se invierte en el sector, al aumentar el viento de chorro del Chocó que llega del oesteThe Colombian Caribbean Sea had sustained surface water temperatures above 29 º C between July and December 2020. The geographic statistics calculated for the Colombian Caribbean Sea, examined from thermal images of that season in the upwelling area of La Guajira, showed that these values exceeded the monthly averages and the average for the hurricane season, and had not been previously observed. These temperatures occurred during the development of hurricanes Eta and Iota, which reached categories 4 and 5 as they passed through the San Andrés Archipelago and Central America. The review of the climatology indicates that this condition occurred at the inverse peak of the El Niño (La Niña) phenomenon. During this condition, the surface wind regime inverts as the Chocó jet arriving from the west strengthensPublishedNon Referee
Состояние любительского рыболовства на участке Горьковского водохранилища в границах Нижегородской области
No full textThe article presents materials on the assessment of the current state of amateur fishing in the Gorky Reservoir within the boundaries of the Nizhny Novgorod Region for 2018-2022. The seasonal dynamics of visits to the reservoir, the fishing gear used, the volume and structure of amateur fishing catches are considered.В работе представлены материалы по оценке современного состояния любительского рыболовства на участке Горьковского водохранилища в границах Нижегородской области за период 2018-2022 гг. Рассматривается сезонная динамика посещения водного объекта, используемые орудия лова, объемы и структура уловов рыболовов-любителей.PublishedNon Referee
Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) – Stock Assessments: demersal stocks in the western Mediterranean Sea. (Version 1.2) (STECF-22-09).
No full textCommission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, aquaculture or similar disciplines This report documents the outcomes of STECF Expert Working Group 22-09: 2022 stock assessments of demersal stocks in the western Mediterranean Sea from the meeting held remotely from 5th to 11th September 2022. A total of 20 fish stocks considered and 18 were fully evaluated. Two stocks had prior advice from 2021 with catch advice for 2022 and 2023, and this is reiterated here. The EWG reports age based assessments, target Fs, with short term forecasts for 15 of the remaining 18 stocks, of these 15, 12 were also analysed for biomass reference points. Catch advice for three stocks was based on ICES category three evaluations of biomass indices. The content of the report gives the STECF terms of reference; the basis of the evaluations; assessments, reference point calculations; summaries of state of stock and advised catch or F based on either the MSY approach for assessed stocks and category 3 based advice for those without assessments. The report contains the full stock assessment reports for the 15 assessments, the exploration of assessments and category 3 evaluations for the remaining three stocks. The report also contains the STECF observations and conclusions on the assessment report. These conclusions come from the STECF Plenary meeting November 2022.European UnionPublishedReferee