AquaDocs
Not a member yet
36984 research outputs found
Sort by
Macrófitas aquáticas como preditoras de múltiplos aspectos da comunidade de peixes: respostas tróficas, funcionais e taxonômicas de peixes de ecossitemas de água doce tropicais e temperados.
No full textMacrophytes are widely recognized for increasing habitat complexity and driving a relevant role in structuring communities in aquatic ecosystems. We investigated how the density, coverage and diversity of macrophytes can influence multiple aspects of fish community, including functional alpha and beta diversity, foraging efficiency, trophic niche breadth and overlap, total abundance and biomass of fish, as well as of certain species and sizes of fish. We used 30 macrophyte stands sampled in the littoral zone of a tropical river, as well as a dataset of 88 shallow temperate lakes. In the latter case, two spatial scales were considered (lake and points within a lake), since there is usually a negative relationship between fish and macrophyte coverage, and this relationship may be more evident at the point scale, while the effect is attenuated at the lake scale. The results showed that macrophytes can select functional characteristics of fish communities and influence their alpha and beta functional diversity. The highest values of functional alpha diversity occurred in intermediate macrophyte density and high macrophyte diversity. The variation in macrophyte density was strongly responsible for variations in functional beta diversity. Fish showed general trophic responses to the variation in macrophyte attributes, but these responses also depended on fish feeding habits, with herbivores niche breadth responding in the opposite way to omnivores. The increase in macrophyte density led to an increase in fish consumption of higher plants and foraging efficiency, and reduced trophic niche breadth. Fish niche overlap was higher at intermediate levels of macrophyte density. Fish responses depended on fish species identity, lake productivity and water depth. The deeper and more eutrophic the lakes, the more fish tended to occupy macrophyte-covered points within a lake. The results emphasize how aquatic plants can affect the fish community by influencing swimming, food availability and interactions between species, and that the relationship between fish and macrophytes can vary according to the scale of the study and the fish characteristics. The application of the results obtained here has great potential to help in projects of management and conservation of biodiversity, and in the choice of the best configurations of macrophyte stands for the maintenance of ichthyofauna.As macrófitas são amplamente reconhecidas por aumentarem a complexidade do habitat e exercerem papel relevante na estruturação das comunidades em ecossistemas aquáticos. Investigou-se como a densidade, cobertura e diversidade de macrófitas podem influenciar múltiplos aspectos da comunidade de peixes, incluindo diversidade alfa e beta funcional, eficiência de forrageamento, amplitude e sobreposição de nicho trófico, abundância e biomassa de total de peixes, bem como de determinadas espécies e tamanhos de peixes. Utilizou-se 30 bancos de macrófitas amostrados na zona litorânea de um rio tropical, bem como, um conjunto de dados de 88 lagos rasos temperados. Neste ultimo caso, foram consideradas duas escalas espaciais (lago e pontos dentro do lago), visto que geralmente há uma relação negativa entre peixes e a cobertura de macrófitas, e essa relação pode ser mais evidente na escala de ponto dentro do lago, enquanto o efeito é atenuado na escala de lago. Os resultados evidenciaram que as macrófitas podem selecionar características funcionais das comunidades de peixes e influenciar sua diversidade funcional alfa e beta. Os maiores valores de diversidade alfa funcional ocorreram em densidades intermediárias e elevada diversidade de macrófitas. A variação na densidade de macrófitas foi fortemente responsável pelas variações na diversidade beta funcional. Os peixes apresentaram respostas tróficas gerais à variação dos atributos das macrófitas, mas estas respostas também dependeram dos hábitos alimentares dos peixes, com a amplitude de nicho dos herbívoros respondendo de forma oposta à amplitude de onívoros. O aumento na densidade de macrófitas levou a um aumento no consumo de vegetais superiores pelos peixes e na eficiência de forrageamento, e reduziu a amplitude do nicho trófico. A sobreposição de nicho de peixes foi maior nos níveis intermediários de densidade de macrófitas. As respostas dos peixes dependeram da identidade da espécie de peixe, produtividade da lagoa e profundidade da água. Quanto mais profundos e eutróficos eram os lagos, mais os peixes tenderam a ocupar pontos cobertos por macrófitas dentro de um lago. Mediante os resultados, ressaltamos como as plantas aquáticas podem afetar a comunidade de peixes por influenciarem na natação, disponibilidade de alimento e interações entre as espécies, e que a relação entre peixe e macrófita pode variar de acordo com a escala do estudo e as características dos peixes considerados. A aplicação dos resultados aqui obtidos tem grande potencial de auxílio em projetos de manejo e conservação da biodiversidade, e na escolha das melhores configurações de bancos de macrófitas para a manutenção da ictiofauna.Ph
Molecular characterization of digeneans parasites of gastropods (Mollusca) from the lower Ivaí River, Paraná, Brazil.
No full textThiarids are pantropical gastropods endemic to South America and are found in lentic and lotic freshwater environments. These gastropods act as intermediate hosts for several species of digeneans. However, it is important to consider that there are difficulties for a correct identification of these digeneans in certain stages of the life cycle since the larvae have a reduced size and few morphological characteristics for diagnosis. In this way, techniques based on molecular markers become an extremely important tool, combining the use of ribosomal and mitochondrial regions. Considering that there are no records in the literature of studies involving parasites and gastropods as intermediate hosts in the Ivaí River, this study is the first regarding these relationships. Seventy-six specimens of gastropods were collected. Of these, 21 were parasitized. As for the parasites, 16 different morphotypes were found. The gastropod DNA was amplified using the COI marker. The gastropods showed genetic similarity with Aylacostoma chloroticum with different percentages of identity. As for the parasites, COI and 28S markers were used for DNA amplification. Four different taxa were characterized with both markers. With the mitochondrial marker it was possible to confirm only one genus among the digeneans found. However, the 28S ribosomal marker proved to be more effective for the identification of Ivaí River parasites, showing higher similarity values in relation to sequences available in the databases and lower values of genetic distance. In this way, it was possible to confirm the classification of the morphotypes into two distinct genera.Os tiarídeos são gastrópodes pantropicais endêmicos da América do Sul e são encontrados em ambientes de água doce lênticos e lóticos. Esses gastrópodes atuam como hospedeiros intermediários de várias espécies de digenéticos. No entanto, é importante considerar que existem dificuldades para uma identificação correta desses digenéticos em determinadas fases do ciclo de vida, visto que as larvas possuem um tamanho reduzido e poucas características morfológicas para diagnóstico. Dessa maneira, técnicas baseadas em marcadores moleculares tornam-se uma ferramenta de extrema importância, combinando a utilização de regiões ribossômicas e mitocondriais. Considerando que não há registros na literatura de estudos envolvendo parasitas e gastrópodes como hospedeiros intermediários no rio Ivaí, este estudo é o primeiro a respeito dessas relações. Foram coletados 76 espécimes de gastrópodes. Desses, 21 encontravam-se parasitados. Quanto aos parasitas, foram encontrados 16 morfotipos distintos. O DNA dos gastrópodes foi amplificado utilizando o marcador COI. Os gastrópodes apresentaram similaridade genética com Aylacostoma chloroticum com diferentes percentuais de identidade. Quanto aos parasitas, para amplificação do DNA foram utilizados os marcadores COI e 28S. Quatro taxa diferentes foram caracterizados com ambos os marcadores. Com o marcador mitocondrial foi possível confirmar apenas um gênero dentre os digenéticos encontrados. Todavia, o marcador ribossômico 28S se mostrou mais eficaz para a identificação dos parasitas do rio Ivaí, apresentando maiores valores de similaridade em relação a sequências disponíveis nos bancos de dados e menores valores de distância genética. Dessa maneira, foi possível confirmar a classificação dos morfotipos em dois gêneros distintos.Master
General results of marine fisheries 2019.
No full textLa Direction des Pêches maritimes assure la mise en œuvre de la politique de l’Etat en matière de pêches maritimes artisanale et industrielle. A ce titre, elle a pour mission, entre autres, la collecte, le traitement et la publication des statistiques des pêches maritimes. Les données de la pêche artisanale maritime proviennent des services déconcentrés des pêches. Elles sont collectées sur des fiches confectionnées par les services eux-mêmes et faisant appel aux techniques d’échantillonnage aléatoire simple. Par ailleurs d’autres méthodes se fondent sur l’enregistrement et l’exploitation des données dans des cahiers de sondage, des certificats de contrôle d’origine et de salubrité (COS) et des certificats à la première vente (CPV). En ce qui concerne la pêche industrielle, les données de base proviennent essentiellement des journaux de pêche renseignés depuis 2017 par les capitaines des navires et sont complétées par les notes de pêches (bon de pesée) et les manifestes de déclaration fournis par la Douane aux armements. Les données des crevettiers profonds sénégalais et des navires de l’Union européenne opérant dans le cadre de l’accord de pêche avec le Sénégal sont collectées au moyen du système ERS mise en place. L’ensemble des données collectées sont centralisées à la DPM où elles sont saisies, traitées, analysées et publiées sous forme d’un rapport annuel intitulé « Résultats généraux des pêches maritimes ». Ce rapport est produit pour répondre aux différentes sollicitations des utilisateurs. Les débarquements de la pêche maritime de l’année 2019 s’élèvent à 533 479 tonnes pour une valeur commerciale estimée à 272,602 milliards de FCFA contre 524 851 tonnes pour une valeur commerciale estimée à 272,466 milliards en 2018. En glissement annuel, on note une légère augmentation des débarquements en volume de 1,64% et en valeur de 0,05 %. Les quantités de produits de la transformation artisanale s’élèvent à 56 860,91 tonnes pour une valeur de 53,150 milliards de FCFA contre 51 236,84 tonnes l’année dernière pour une valeur de 42,115milliards. Comparée à 2018, nous notons une hausse de 11% en volume et 12% en valeur. Le mareyage des produits frais s’élève à 232 875 tonnes contre 193 990 tonnes en 2018, soit une hausse de 20%, et celui des produits transformés tourne autour de 16 698 tonnes sur le marché intérieur. La distribution locale totale des produits frais au sein des régions maritimes s’élève à 50 810 tonnes. Quant aux exportations, elles sont passées de 293 792,00 tonnes en 2018 à 311 882,51 tonnes en 2019, soit une hausse de 18 090,51 tonnes en valeur absolue et 6% en valeur relative. Quant à la valeur commerciale, elle est passée de 299,184 milliards en 2018 à 308,208 milliards en 2019, soit une augmentation de 3%.PublishedNot Know
IHP-IX: Strategic Plan of the Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme: Science for a Water Secure World in a Changing Environment, ninth phase 2022-2029.
No full textThe Strategic Plan for the ninth phase of the Intergovernmental Hydrological Programme (IHP-IX) covering 2022-2029 identifies key water priority areas to support Members States to achieve the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially water related SDGs and other water-related global agendas, such as the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and the New Urban Agenda (NUA). The process of preparing the Strategic Plan has been highly participatory, collecting in successive consultation stages the inputs of regional experts, the IHP Bureau and Council members, the UNESCO Water Family, partner organizations and UN agencies, whose observations were substantial and useful. The implementation of the ninth phase of the IHP (henceforth IHP-IX) will be guided by three interrelated documents: i) a Strategic Plan, presented herein, identifying water-related priorities for Member States, ii) an Operational Implementation Plan, and iii) a Financing Strategy, the last two documents to be elaborated at a later stage, which will be used to track the progress in implementing the Strategic Plan through proposed actions and related indicators.SC-HYD-IHP-IX-E; CLD march2022PublishedReferee
IOC Medium-term Strategy 2022–2029.
No full textThe ocean is the largest ecosystem on the planet Earth. It is also the key feature of how our planet looks from the Space. Humans have to find harmony in living with the ocean. To continue benefitting from the ocean life-supporting function, an equilibrium must be sought between the continuously increasing use of ocean space and resources and restoring and maintaining the ocean’s health, which is currently in rapid decline. This understanding is captured in the formulation of the Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the 2030 Agenda: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. The role of the ocean for climate, disaster risk reduction, future of island States is reflected in the Paris Agreement of UNFCCC, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the UN Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA Pathway) and a number of regional, sub-regional and national action frameworks or development strategies. In the complex world we live in, with continuing and accelerating climate change, the success of all these frameworks depends on capacity of science to deliver needed solutions and on the ability and will of stakeholders to effectively use these solutions. The pivotal role of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO is therefore to bring together the scientific communities, the governmental decision-making system, and a broader set of stakeholders within our Member States, including the private sector and the civil society as a whole, to develop efficient, science-based integrated ocean and coastal management and corresponding solutions., taking in consideration relevant indigenous, local and traditional knowledge. Never in the history of our civilization has such cooperation been so urgently required. There is a need to mainstream ocean science for managing the ocean, The emergence of an international legally-binding instrument on conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) under the UN Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) means that legally-binding obligations of nations are becoming increasingly ocean science-dependent. Successful execution of the IOC programme during the period of Medium-Term Strategy 2014–2021 and the IOC-led planning and coordination of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) brought IOC to the leading position in the work on systematic provision of ocean-related solutions to the global challenges of our time. However, the ability of IOC to deliver on its expanding mandate and respond both to the ambitions placed on the Decade and its Member States’ aspirations and needs will require, in turn, stronger support from governments, more authoritative decision-making capacity of IOC governing bodies, and adequate and reliable co-design of and investment in the whole value chain of modern ocean science.OPENASFA INPUTPublishedReferee
Lobster stress and monitoring indicators.
No full textDada la necesidad de elevar la producción y calidad de las langostas marinas exportables como vivas, producto de su alta demanda y precios altos, resulta necesario realizar esta recopilación bibliográfica que nos permitirá conocer la forma de procesamiento de las diferentes especies de langosta en el mundo. Esta información enfocada a las investigaciones realizadas sobre el estrés y la respuesta, de los ejemplares, al mismo según las especies y algunos resultados obtenidos en Cuba con el mismo fin. Objetivo que se logrará mejorando las condiciones de todo el proceso, para lo cual es necesario realizar investigaciones fisiológicas y tecnológicas para cada especie en cuestión y en las que existan, conociéndose que hay muy poca información sobre la langosta Panulirus argus, por lo que la experiencia adquirida sobre otras especies resulta muy valiosa. Esta recopilación, sobre las investigaciones realizadas sobre esta temática en langostas de diferentes especies y de diferentes condiciones ambientales, permitirá realizar acciones mejor orientadas y más completas, aprovechando así la experiencia y conocimientos adquiridos por otros países del mundo.Given the need to increase the production and quality of marine lobsters in the form of live presentation due to their demand and high prices, it is necessary to carry out this bibliographical compilation that will allow us to know the way of processing the different species of lobster in the developed world, information on the research carried out on stress and the response to it according to the species and some results obtained in Cuba. Objective that is achieved by improving the conditions of the entire process for which it is necessary to carry out physiological and technological research specifically for each species in question and in those that exist, knowing that there is very little information about the lobster Panulirus argus, so the experience acquired over other species is very valuable. This compilation, on the investigations carried out on this subject in lobsters of different species and of different environmental conditions, will allow conducting better targeted and more complex investigations, thus being able to take advantage of the experience and knowledge acquired by other countries of the world.PublishedReferee
The fishery for pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus notialis) in the southeastern region of Cuba. Assessment, current status and perspectives.
No full textLa pesca del camarón rosado (Farfantepenaeus notialis) en los golfos de Ana María y Guacanayabo, región suroriental de Cuba, se encuentra muy deprimida a un nivel de 540 t, en comparación con las 5 443 t que como promedio se obtuvieron entre 1974-1978. El descenso de las capturas no puede ser explicado solamente por el efecto de la pesca, ya que la abundancia de las especies de camarón depende de los aportes de agua dulce y nutrientes provenientes de los ríos y las precipitaciones. Se realizó una evaluación del recurso teniendo en cuenta la capacidad de almacenamiento de agua en los embalses, como una medida del represamiento de los ríos que tributan hacia ambos golfos. Se utilizó un modelo de producción con los efectos del esfuerzo pesquero y del represamiento sobre el índice de abundancia de la especie. La disminución de la abundancia hasta 1982 en Ana María y hasta 1978 en Guacanayabo puede ser explicada por la acción de la pesca principalmente, pero de ahí en adelante, el efecto del represamiento ha sido trascendental para el decrecimiento de la abundancia, a pesar de la reducción del esfuerzo pesquero y del perfeccionamiento del sistema de ordenación de la pesquería. No son de esperar incrementos significativos de la captura, las cuales variarán en dependencia del esfuerzo y de las precipitaciones, que pueden favorecer de momento la disponibilidad y el reclutamiento en áreas de pesca, aunque las lluvias intensas también pudieran incrementar la mortalidad natural. Los valores probables de las capturas estarán entre 230-630 t para toda la región suroriental durante el período 2022-2026.The pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus notialis) fishery in the gulfs of Ana María and Guacanayabo, southeastern region of Cuba, is currently very depressed at a level of 540 t, compared to the 5 443 t that were obtained as an annual average between 1974 and 1978. The notable decrease in catches cannot be explained solely by the effect of fishing, since the abundance of shrimp species depends on the contributions of fresh water and nutrients from rivers and precipitation. An evaluation of the shrimp resource was carried out considering the water storage capacity in the built reservoirs, as a measure of the damming of the rivers that flow into both gulfs. A surplus production model was used with the effects both of the fishing effort and the damming on the abundance index of the species. The decrease in abundance up to 1982 in Ana María and up to 1978 in Guacanayabo can be explained mainly by the action of fishing, but from then on, the cumulative and permanent effect of the damming has been transcendental for the irreversible decrease in abundance, despite the reduction in fishing effort and the improvement of the fishery management system. No significant increases in catch are expected in the short term. Future catches will depend on the effort and the influence of rainfall, which might favor the availability and recruitment of the species in fishing areas. The probable values of the catches could be between 230 and 630 t for the entire southeastern region during 2022-2026 period.PublishedReferee
Réponse à un stress environnemental induit par le cuivre (Cu2+) chez le poisson d’eau douce Tilapia 'Oreochromis niloticus'.
No full textLa biosurveillance de la qualité des écosystèmes aquatiques à travers des indicateurs biologiques (Biomarqueurs) est largement utilisée dans les différents programmes internationaux de surveillance environnementale. En complément de l’approche chimique, la mesure de biomarqueurs permet de disposer d’information sur la nature et le niveau de la contamination chimique mais aussi sur la santé des organismes vivants et des populations des écosystèmes aquatiques. Dans ce travail nous avons utilisé le Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), poisson d’eau douce, comme modèle d’étude afin de mettre en évidence les réponses à un stress induit par le cuivre Cu2+ dissous dans le milieu d’élevage. Parmi les biomarqueurs, la mesure de marqueurs biochimiques tels que l’activité catalase (CAT) et l’activité protéase (Pase) chez les poissons paraît particulièrement intéressante en termes de sensibilité, spécificité et précocité. Les résultats ont montré que l’exposition du modèle choisi au cuivre a fait augmenter l’induction enzymatique CAT au niveau du foie (~ 70 U/mg Protéines après 42 jours d’exposition) et des branchies (~120 U/mg Protéines 42 jours d’exposition) et ceci en comparaison avec le test témoin (~40 et 30 U/mg Protéines dans le foie et dans les branchies, respectivement). En parallèle, La diminution de l’activité protéase chez les Tilapias stressés par le cuivre, mesurée au niveau de l’intestin, reflète éventuellement le résultat d’une perturbation physiologique de l’enzyme digestive des espèces testées. Ces deux réponses biochimiques (CAT et Pase), pourraient être intégrées utilement comme des biomarqueurs de stress non spécifique, dans un réseau pérenne de mesure en routine de la qualité et de la santé des écosystèmes aquatiques.Biomonitoring of the quality of aquatic ecosystems through biological indicators (Biomarkers) is widely used in various international environmental monitoring programs. In addition to the chemical approach, the measurement of biomarkers provides information on the nature and level of chemical contamination but also on the health of living organisms and populations of aquatic ecosystems. In this work we used Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a freshwater fish, as a study model in order to highlight the responses to stress induced by copper Cu2+ dissolved in the farming environment. Among the biomarkers, the measurement of biochemical markers such as catalase activity (CAT) and protease activity (Pase) in fish seems particularly interesting in terms of sensitivity, specificity and precocity. The results showed that exposure of the selected model to copper increased CAT enzyme induction in the liver (~70 U/mg Protein after 42 days of exposure) and gills (~120 U/mg Protein 42 days of exposure) and this in comparison with the control test (~40 and 30 U/mg Protein in the liver and in the gills, respectively). In parallel, the decrease in protease activity in Tilapias stressed by copper, measured at the level of the intestine, possibly reflects the result of a physiological disturbance of the digestive enzyme of the species tested. These two biochemical responses (CAT and Pase), in the process of being fully validated, could be usefully integrated as biomarkers of non-specific stress, in a permanent network for routine measurement of the quality and health of aquatic ecosystems.Référence Bibliographique, Tableaux, Figures.PublishedReferee
Trial of creating of tidal current grid data for the Akashi Strait
No full textThe Japan Coast Guard Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department has provided data on tidal current, which is one of the ocean currents, as area information （tidal current grid data）. In recent years, technologies related to the ocean have advanced, and new information such as detailed water depth data has been acquired. In addition, the mainstream method of providing tidal current grid data is digital, which has a high variety of information usages from printed matter. The Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department is conducting research to create new tidal current grid data corresponding to these. Between 2019 and 2020, the Akashi Strait was examined as part of first trial at creating tidal current grid data.PublishedReferee
Guía para el control de calidad de datos de temperatura y salinidad obtenidos en cruceros oceanográficos regionales. [SUPERSEDED by Version 2: https://aquadocs.org/handle/1834/43180]
No full textLa presente publicación constituye un producto del Grupo de Trabajo Especializado de Base de Datos (GTE-BD) de los cruceros regionales perteneciente a la Comisión Permanente del Pacífico Sur (CPPS), en el cual participaron instituciones de Chile, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. La guía establece una metodología para el control de calidad de datos de salinidad y temperatura de la columna de agua, obtenidos mediante perfiladores CTD en los cruceros oceanográficos asociados al programa para el Estudio Regional del Fenómeno El Niño (ERFEN) de la CPPS. Las pruebas de calidad propuestas conducen a la asignación de banderas de calidad recomendadas por el programa internacional IODE. Los datos calificados harán parte de la Base de Datos Regional para los diferentes usuarios. [Note Version 2, 2023 held at https://aquadocs.org/handle/1834/43180]Version 2, 2023 held at https://aquadocs.org/handle/1834/43180PublishedNot Know