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Bioproducts produced from marine waste and co-products
No full textMarine waste, including aquatic by-products, poses a significant environmental challenge and garners increasing attention for its potential valorization. The development of cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and circular technologies for transforming marine biomass into value-added products is crucial for the successful implementation of sustainable aquatic industries. This involves focusing on strategies that simultaneously reduce waste and energy demand. This document presents the research andbiotechnological innovations carried out under the ARIBiotech project, which aims to create new biological products from marine waste. In a circular economy perspective, this initiative seeks to turn sources of pollution into sustainable opportunities, contributing to the preservation of marine ecosystems while fostering innovative solutions. Exploiting marine biomass and valorizing sea by-products, whether by using them directly or extracting biopolymers, appears to be a promising solution for a more sustainable use of marine resources, leading to increased economic benefits. However, the realization of such developments is hindered by the lack of appropriate regulatory frameworks to enable the use of waste and by-products, ensuring product safety, quality, and acceptability. This white paper showcases a diverse range of bioproducts (Crab waste hydrolyzate, chitin, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, cellulose aerogels, shell powder, and bioactive extracts) derived from the application of biotechnologies on various marine waste and co-products,highlighting their potential to support sustainable development. This document aims to encourage policymakers to support the creation of alliances and innovations in blue biotechnology and enable the general public to benefit from advances in creating bioproducts from marine waste.PublishedReferee
Interchange of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales across the South Atlantic Ocean.
No full textThe cosmopolitan distribution of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) is largely driven by migrations between winter low-latitude breeding grounds and summer high-latitude feeding grounds. Southern Hemisphere humpback whales faced intensive exploitation during the whaling eras and recently show evidence of population recovery. Gene flow and shared song indicate overlap between the western (A) and eastern (B1, B2) Breeding Stocks in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans (C1). Here, we investigated photo-identification evidence of population interchange using images of individuals photographed during boat-based tourism and research in Brazil and South Africa from 1989 to 2022. Fluke images were uploaded to Happywhale, a global digital database for marine mammal identification. Six whales were recaptured between countries from 2002 to 2021 with resighting intervals ranging from 0.76 to 12.92 years. Four whales originally photographed off Abrolhos Bank, Brazil were photographed off the Western Cape, South Africa (feeding grounds for B2). Two whales originally photographed off the Western Cape were photographed off Brazil, one traveling to the Eastern Cape in the Southwestern Indian Ocean (a migration corridor for C1) before migrating westward to Brazil. These findings photographically confirm interchange of humpback whales across the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans and the importance of international collaboration to understand population boundaries.Challenge 4, 9PublishedReferee
Зараженность карповых рыб личинками патогенных для человека гельминтов и бактериями в нижней зоне дельты реки Волги в современный период
No full textRecreational and artisanal fishing is very widespread in the Astrakhan Region; its primary targets are cyprinids, which are susceptible to epedemiological threats. Food products derived from the biological resources harvested during such fishing are not subjected to the processing in specialized facilities, and therefore, safety of the final product for its consumer cannot be ensured. In this region, the diseases, the agents of which are transmitted through fish and the products of its processing, are annually recorded among the population. Sanitary and parasitological control is one of the components in the set of measures for the prevention of these diseases. This work was aimed at evaluation of the infection level in some species of commercially valuable cyprinids in the Lower Volga River Delta with bacteria and larvae of pathogenic helminths capable of causing the development of diseases in humans. An incomplete helminthological survey of Caspian roach, common bream, white bream, crucian carp and rudd, as well as microbiological examination of their muscle tissue have been carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documents currently in force with application of methods described in State Standards. Larvae belonging to four species of human-pathogenic parasites have been recorded in the parasitic fauna of the Caspian roach, rudd, and white bream. Common bream was infected by larvae belonging to two species of such helminths. The identified larvae of pathogenic trematodes and nematodes were viable. The level of bacterial contamination of fish muscle tissues did not exceed the standard-prescribed limit, and the sanitary indicator microorganisms were absent. The results of the parasitological study indicated the need for mandatory disinfection of cyprinid fish from larvae of pathogenic helminths.В Астраханской области очень широко распространено любительское рыболовство, объектами которого в основном являются карповые рыбы, обладающие высоким эпидемиологическим значением. Пищевая продукция из водных биологических ресурсов, добытых в результате любительского лова, изготавливается кустарным способом и не обеспечивает безопасности полученного продукта для потребителя. В регионе у населения ежегодно регистрируют заболевания, возбудители которых передаются через рыбу и продукты ее переработки. Санитарно-паразитологический контроль является одним из звеньев комплекса мероприятий по профилактике данных болезней. Целью работы было определение уровня заражения отдельных видов промысловых карповых рыб в нижней зоне дельты реки Волги личинками патогенных гельминтов и бактериями, способными стать причиной развития заболеваний у людей. Неполное гельминтологическое исследование воблы, леща, густеры, карася, красноперки и санитарно- микробиологическое обследование мышечной ткани рыб осуществляли в соответствии с требованиями действующих нормативных документов, используя гостированные методики. В паразитофауне воблы, красноперки и густеры зарегистрировано четыре вида личинок опасных для человека гельминтов. Лещ был инвазирован двумя видами таких личинок. Выявленные личинки патогенных для человека трематод и нематод были жизнеспособны. Уровень бактериальной обсемененности мышечной ткани рыб не превышал нормативного показателя, а санитарно-показательные микроорганизмы отсутствовали. Результаты санитарно- паразитологического исследования свидетельствовали о необходимости обязательного обеззараживания карповых рыб от личинок патогенных гельминтов.PublishedReferee
Atlas Aquatica: Empowering Scuba Diving Ecotourism for Marine Conservation and the Blue Economy
No full textHealthy oceans are essential for life, but a mere 2.9% are fully protected1. The question then arises - why is ocean protection so challenging? Among the many reasons is the economic allure of extractive activities which poses a barrier to alleviating human pressure on ocean areas. Marine protected areas (MPAs), primarily designed to preserve biodiversity, are often rationalized through a business lens and are expected to yield revenue by increasing tourists’ willingness to pay. However, MPAs are not business entities and require a set of enabling conditions to successfully reach their goals. In a successful marine protected area, a unit increase in natural capital results in a rise in tourist revenue. We developed a bioeconomic model to show how fully protecting diving sites can significantly enhance nature’s recovery and lead to larger revenues for the scuba diving industry. In Mexico, scuba diving generates as much revenue as the fishing industry, yet only 7% of the country’s diving sites are fully protected. Globally, the scuba diving industry generates up to $20 billion dollars per year, even though about half of the diving sites worldwide lack protection. Using global experiences, we designed a five-step bottom-up approach that scuba diving operators can use to amplify marine protection. This approach could catalyze the creation of stricter or new fullyprotected areas designed to incorporate existing businesses - a significant departure from the traditional business framework. The Atlas Aquatica initiative advocates for a significant shift in narrative to stimulate broader acceptance of marine protection worldwide. We aim to contribute to a sustainable blue economic growth and the 30x30 conservation target by promoting the protection of diving sites globallyScripps Institution of Oceanography and Centro para la Biodiversidad Marina y la Conservación A.C.PublishedNot Know
К пятилетнему юбилею научного рецензируемого журнала «Водные биоресурсы и среда обитания»
No full textThe scientific peer-reviewed journal “Aquatic Bioresources & Environtment” has been published since 2018 and functions as a discussion platform for researchers and practitioners of the vast fishery region (mainly the Southern Russia). In July 2023, the journal celebrated its fifth anniversary. The aim of this article is to review the notable milestones of the formation of the journal as a scientific publication from its first issue up to the present moment. Currently, the journal is included in the List of peer-reviewed scientific publications, in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of Candidate of Science and for the degree of Doctor of Science should be published (List of the Higher Attestation Commission), and is abstracted in the International Information System for Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) and the Scientific Electronic Library e-library.ru (eLIBRARY), as well as indexed in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). Articles in the journal are assigned with Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), which are registered by the international agency Crossref; they are posted on the journal's website and added to RSCI and other databases.Научный рецензируемый журнал «Водные биоресурсы и среда обитания» (Aquatic Bioresources & Environment) издается с 2018 г. и представляет собой дискуссионную площадку для научных сотрудников и специалистов-практиков обширного рыбохозяйственного региона (преимущественно Юг России). В июле 2023 г. журналу исполнилось пять лет. Целью работы является обзор основных периодов становления журнала как научного издания с момента выпуска первого номера и до наших дней. В настоящее время журнал входит в Перечень рецензируемых научных изданий, в которых должны быть опубликованы основные научные результаты диссертаций на соискание ученой степени кандидата наук, на соискание ученой степени доктора наук (Перечень ВАК), реферируется в Международной информационной системе по водным наукам и рыболовству Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) и Научной электронной библиотеке e-library.ru (НЭБ), индексируется в Российском индексе научного цитирования (РИНЦ). Статьи в журнале имеют цифровые идентификаторы объектов Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), регистрируемые международным агентством Crossref, и размещаются на сайте журнала, в РИНЦ и других базах данных.PublishedReferee
On the invasion of fish parasites in freshwater environments: unraveling spillback and spillover events.
No full textFree-living invasive species are frequently considered in ecological studies, while parasitic invaders are neglected. Given the current concerns regarding emerging diseases, parasites circulating in wildlife communities have demonstrated their significant impact on the environment and public health. In this context, this study aims to conduct a systematic review in order to identify the focal areas of parasite invasions in freshwater fish worldwide and the characteristics of hosts and parasites associated with these invasion events. Searches were conducted in Web of Science and Scopus, yielding 16,121 studies, of which 233 published between 1974 and 2021 were eligible according to pre-established criteria, with 834 invasion records. There was no trend regarding increase or decrease in studies on this subject when controlled for academic production growth. The main groups of recorded parasites were Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, and Arthropoda, mostly endoparasites, generalists, and with heteroxenous life cycles. Spillover events were found to be more prevalent compared to spillback across all continents. The North American and European regions exhibited greater abundance of invasion records, which can be attributed to higher sampling efforts in these areas. Regarding the introduction routes of parasites in the analyzed studies, pisciculture, followed by aquarism and ballast water, were identified as the main pathways. However, a considerable number of studies did not report the invasion route or lacked knowledge regarding it. The processes related to spillover and spillback are complex, and the higher frequency of spillover events seems to be due to the perception that invasive parasites infecting native species are more severe than native parasites infecting invasive species. Most of spillover events are associated to parasites indigenous to Asia, where is the global focus of fishing trade. These findings highlight the importance of considering parasitic invaders in ecological studies, and the potential association of commercial routes to the invasion events registered herein.Espécies invasoras de vida livre são frequentemente consideradas em estudos ecológicos, enquanto as invasoras parasitas são negligenciadas. Com as preocupações atuais relacionadas a doenças emergentes, parasitas que circulam em comunidades silvestres têm demonstrado sua relevância sobre o meio ambiente e saúde pública. Nesse contexto, foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática para identificar os focos de ocorrência de invasões de parasitas em peixes de ambientes aquáticos continentais no mundo e as características de hospedeiros e parasitas associados a estes eventos de invasão. Para tanto, buscou-se para o estado da arte do tema desenvolvido nas fontes de referências, Web of Science e Scopus, e foram encontrados 16121 estudos, dos quais 233 publicados no período de 1974 e 2021 sendo elegíveis de acordo com critérios pré-estabelecidos, com 834 registros de invasão. Não houve tendência em relação ao acréscimo ou decréscimo de estudos sobre o tema quando controlado pelo crescimento da produção acadêmica. Os principais grupos de parasitas registrados foram Platyhelminthes, Nematoda e Arthropoda, e em sua maioria endoparasitas, generalistas e de ciclo de vida heteróxeno. Há maior prevalência de eventos de spillover (parasita invasor infectando hospedeiro nativo), se comparados com eventos de spillback (parasita nativo infectando hospedeiro invasor), em todos os continentes. Há maior abundância de registros na América do Norte e Europa, onde há maior esforço amostral. Pisciculturas, seguidos por aquarismo e água de lastro, foram as principais rotas de introdução de parasitas nos estudos analisados, mas uma quantidade considerável de estudos não reportou a rota de invasão ou esta não é conhecida. Os processos relacionados a spillover e spillback são complexos e, aparentemente, a maior frequência de eventos de spillover se deve à percepção de que parasitas invasores infectando espécies nativas são mais graves que parasitas nativos infectando espécies invasoras. A maior parte dos eventos de spillover estão associados a parasitas nativos da Ásia, onde há maior comércio global de peixes. Os resultados destacam a importância em considerar parasitas invasores em estudos ecológicos, bem como a potencial associação de rotas comerciais aos eventos de invasão registrados.Master
Spatio-temporal analysis of ichthyoplankton in a sub-basin of the upper Paraguay River: understanding its contribution to the Brazilian Pantanal.
No full textThe spatial and temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton, taxonomic composition, and its relation to environmental factors were analyzed in the upper Taquari River sub-basin, upper Paraguay River, aiming at the conservation of Pantanal ichthyofauna. Egg and larval collections were conducted at eleven sampling points between October and March of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Significant differences were observed between collection points, months, and years, with higher ichthyoplankton densities in the Coxim and Taquari rivers, particularly between November and January. Twenty-eight genera and/or species of fish were identified, including ten long-distance migratory species. Eggs density showed a negative correlation with water temperature and rainfall. For larvae, water transparency and rainfall were both significant, negatively influencing larval abundance. However, different species tend to occur in environments with distinct abiotic qualities. Yolk-sac, pre-flexion, and flexion larval development stages were distributed throughout the sub-basin, especially near the Pantanal. Considering the data and analyses presented in this study, the importance of connectivity between these environments, specifically between the plateau and Pantanal, is evident, highlighting the significance of the entire sub-basin for fish reproductive processes. Thus, studies highlighting ecological processes affecting ichthyoplankton distribution provide valuable information for ecosystem conservation and contribute to fisheries stock management.Analisou-se a distribuição espacial e temporal do ictioplâncton, a composição taxonômica e a relação com fatores ambientais, na sub-bacia do alto rio Taquari, alto rio Paraguai, visando a conservação da ictiofauna pantaneira. As coletas de ovos e larvas foram realizadas em onze pontos de amostragem, entre outubro e março de 2017/2018 e 2018/2019. Houve diferenças significativas entre pontos de coleta, meses e anos, com maiores densidades de ictioplâncton nos rios Coxim e Taquari, entre o período de novembro e janeiro. Foram identificados 28 gêneros e/ou espécies de peixes, sendo dez migradoras de longa distância. Os ovos tiverem uma relação negativa com temperatura da água e pluviosidade. Para larvas, a transparência da água e pluviosidade foram significativas, ambas de forma negativa. Entretanto espécies diferentes tendem a ocorrer em ambientes com qualidades abióticas distintas. Os estágios de desenvolvimento larval vitelino, pré-flexão e flexão se distribuem por toda a sub-bacia, principalmente nos pontos próximos ao Pantanal. Considerando os dados e análises apresentados neste estudo, é evidente a importância da conectividade entre estes ambientes, especificamente entre o planalto e Pantanal, destacando a importância da sub-bacia como um todo para o processo reprodutivo dos peixes. Assim, estudos que evidenciem processos ecológicos que afetam a distribuição e densidade do ictioplâncton fornecem informações valiosas para conservação do ecossistema e contribuem no manejo de estoques pesqueiros.Master
Влияние солености воды на развитие придонной гипоксии и уровень первичного продуцирования органического вещества в Таганрогском заливе
No full textAt present, the Azov Sea ecosystem exists in the context of continuously decreasing continental runoff and increasing water salinity, which reached in 2020–2021 the highest values for the entire period of observations since 1962. The increase in water salinity inevitably leads to the transformation in the composition of biological communities, which has a pronounced effect on the environment and fisheries. This paper discusses the long-term impact of water salinity on the development of near-bottom hypoxic phenomena and on the volume of primary production of organic matter by phytoplankton in Taganrog Bay during the summer season (1962–2021). A statistical ecosystem analysis describing the contribution of the major hydrological and hydrochemical factors into the processes of hypoxia formation in the bottom water layer of Taganrog Bay has been performed. It is shown that the desalinization of the waters of Taganrog Bay in 1993–2008 was accompanied by the increase in the size of hypoxic zones in the bottom water layer. During the modern period of salinization extending from 2009 to the present, there has been recorded a decrease in the scale of oxygen deficiency in Taganrog Bay. The most crucial contribution to the hypoxic processes in Taganrog Bay is provided by the stability of water masses, water temperature, organic nitrogen concentration, and the water salinity (due to the effect of salinity on the stability of water masses). During the streaks of Taganrog Bay salinization, the decrease in the stability of water masses and in the content of organic nitrogen and phosphorus in the water (crucial factors in the formation of hypoxic zones) has been recorded. The highest rates of the primary production of organic matter by phytoplankton in Taganrog Bay were observed during the desalinization period of 1962–1968, and the lowest ones were recorded during the salinization periods. The results of this assessment have exposed the significant relationship: the primary production of organic matter depends on the average annual runoff of the Don River, the water salinity, and the concentration of mineral nitrogen.В современный период экосистема Азовского моря функционирует в условиях снижения объема материкового стока и роста солености воды, достигшей в 2020–2021 гг. рекордных значений за весь период наблюдений с 1962 г. Повышение солености воды неизбежно приводит к трансформации структуры биологических сообществ, что имеет важное экологическое и рыбохозяйственное значение. В работе изучена связь солености воды с развитием придонной гипоксии, а также уровнем первичного продуцирования органического вещества фитопланктоном в воде Таганрогского залива в летний период года в многолетнем аспекте (1962–2021 гг.). Выполнен экосистемный статистический анализ, отражающий вклад ключевых гидролого-гидрохимических факторов в развитие гипоксии в придонном горизонте Таганрогского залива. Показано, что распреснение вод Таганрогского залива в период 1993–2008 гг. сопровождалось увеличением площадей гипоксии в придонном горизонте. В современный период осолонения с 2009 г. по настоящее время в Таганрогском заливе отмечается снижение масштабов формирования дефицита кислорода. Наибольший вклад в развитие гипоксии в Таганрогском заливе оказывают устойчивость водных масс, температура воды, концентрация органической формы азота и соленость воды (за счет влияния солености на устойчивость водных масс). В периоды осолонения Таганрогского залива отмечено снижение устойчивости водных масс и содержания в воде органической формы азота и фосфора — ключевых факторов, приводящих к формированию зон гипоксии. Максимум интенсивности первичного продуцирования органического вещества фитопланктоном отмечался в период распреснения 1962–1968 гг., минимум — в периоды осолонения Таганрогского залива. Уровень первичной продукции в Таганрогском заливе достоверно зависит от величин среднегодового стока р. Дон, солености воды и концентрации минерального азота.PublishedReferee
Влияние промыслового лова на размерную и возрастную структуру популяций длиннопалого рака Pontastacus leptodactylus
No full textFishing affects the population of crayfish, while it changes the size and age characteristics. The size and age parameters of two populations of the narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus in the Loktyshi (Brest Region) and Krasnoslobodskoe (Minsk Region) reservoirs in Belarus have been compared. The Krasnoslobodskoye reservoir is intensively exploited with an annual catch of 3–4 tons of crayfish. There is no commercial fishing in the Loktyshi reservoir. Studies show that the average size of individuals in an intensively exploited population is smaller in comparison with a population where there is no commercial fishing for crayfish. Since crayfish fishing is regulated by a commercial measure (10.5 cm of total length) in intensively exploited populations, the average sizes of individuals are close to these limiting values. The life expectancy of crayfish is somewhat higher in the Loktyshi reservoir, where only amateur crayfish fishing is noted. Intensive fishing increases the mortality of females, whose annual survival rate is 37 %, while in the absence of fishing, the survival of females increases up to 57 %. The annual survival rate of males is 41–49 %. The fishing pressure leads to decrease in the survival rate of individuals and disappearance of crayfish aged 9–10 years from the population.Промысел оказывает влияние на популяцию раков, при этом он изменяет их размерные и возрастные характеристики. Проведено сравнение размерных и возрастных показателей двух популяций длиннопалого рака Pontastacus leptodactylus в водохранилищах Локтыши Брестской области и Краснослободcкое Минской области (Республика Беларусь). Краснослободское водохранилище интенсивно эксплуатируется с ежегодным выловом 3–4 т раков. На водохранилище Локтыши промысловый лов отсутствует. Исследования показывают, что средние размеры особей в интенсивно эксплуатируемой популяции оказываются меньшими в сравнении с популяцией, где промыслового лова раков нет. Поскольку промысел раков регулируется среди прочего также и промысловой мерой (10,5 см общей длины), то в интенсивно эксплуатируемых популяциях средние размеры особей близки к этим граничным значениям. Продолжительность жизни раков несколько выше в вдхр. Локтыши, где отмечен только любительский лов раков. Интенсивный промысел увеличивает смертность самок, годовая выживаемость которых составляет 37 %, в то время как в отсутствие промысла выживаемость самок увеличивается до 57 %. Годовая выживаемость самцов составляет 41–49 %. Промысловый пресс ведет к снижению выживаемости особей и исчезновению из популяции раков возраста 9–10 лет.PublishedReferee
Évaluation des stocks de petits pélagiques de la côte algérienne par acoustique - ALPEL2018.
No full textUne campagne d’évaluation des petits pélagiques par acoustique ALPEL2018 a été menée le long de la côte algérienne par le Centre National de Recherche et de Développement de la Pêche et de l’Aquaculture (CNRDPA) entre décembre 2018 et février 2019 avec le navire de recherche BELKACEM GRINE. Cette campagne s’inscrit dans le cadre des activités de l’équipe ECOPEL de la Division de Recherche « Pêche » relatives à l’évaluation des stocks de petits pélagiques. L’objectif de cette campagne est d’utiliser les techniques d’écho-intégration combinées à des chalutages pélagiques pour estimer des indices instantanés de biomasse et d’abondance de neuf espèces cibles de petits pélagiques. La campagne ALPEL2018 a révélé une biomasse totale de 154 362 tonnes. La sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) est l’espèce la plus abondante avec 35% de la biomasse totale suivie du Chinchard méditerranéen (Trachurus mediterraneus), de la sardine (Sardina pilchardus) et de l’anchois (Engraulis encrasicolus) avec respectivement 23%, 16% et 14%. Le chinchard commun (Trachurus trachurus) et la bogue (Boops boops) sont faiblement représentés avec respectivement 9% et 3%. L’évaluation des stocks de T. picturatus et S. scombrus et S. japonicus n’a pas été effectuée en raison de leurs faibles présences dans les pêches d’identification.An acoustic survey was conducted along the algerian coast by the National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA) between December 2018 and February 2019 with the research vessel BELKACEM GRINE. This survey is part of the activities of the ECOPEL team of the "Fisheries" Research Division relating to the assessment of small pelagic stocks. The aim of this survey is to use echo-integration technics combined with pelagic trawls in order to estimate instantaneous indices of biomass and abundance for nine small pelagic target species. ALPEL2018 survey revealed a total biomass of 154 362 tons. Round sardinella is the most abundant species with 35% of the total biomass followed by the Mediterranean horse mackerel, sardine and anchovy with 23%, 16% and 14% respectively. The horse mackerel and the bogue are weakly represented with respectively 9% and 3%. T. picturatus, S. scombrus and S. japonicus stocks were not evaluated due to their low presence in the pelagic trawl hauls.Références bibliographiques, Figures, Tableau.PublishedReferee