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DITTO Programme Whitepaper
No full textThis white paper provides an outline of the concept of digital twins of the ocean and lays out the challenges, opportunities for action, and suggestions for their implementation as defined by the UN Decade Action “Digital Twins of the Ocean” (DITTO).PublishedReferee
Bitácora Hidrográfica, No. 26, Mayo 2023.
No full textDirección de Hidrografía y Navegación: 120 años en la ruta del progreso y desarrollo nacional – Cronología de los primeros trabajos realizados por la Comisión Hidrográfica. – Campaña Científica Antar XXIX: La Marina de Guerra del Perú en compromiso con el accionar antártico nacional – Monitoreo de condiciones oceanográficas en la Antártida – Señalización náutica en el territorio antártico – Corrientes marinas en el trayecto Perú-Antártida y alrededor de las Islas Shetland del Sur – Integración de datos geoespaciales para visualización en 3D del medio ambiente marino – Influencia del río Rímac a la Bahía del Callao: una aproximación físicoquímica – Empleo de sistemas Multihaz para la búsqueda de embarcaciones hundidas – Logrando mayor precisión en el uso de los vehículos aéreos no tripulados – Aplicación de drone para levantamientos topográficos – Cañones submarinos y su relación con la propagación de tsunamis – Eficiente Red Geodésica en boyas de señalización náutica – Determinación de la línea de costa empleando imágenes de radar Sentinel 1 – Resolución espacial de imágenes satelitales eficaz aplicación en estudios de análisis multitemporal – Vigencia e importancia de las cartas náuticas impresas – Servicio Mundial de Radioavisos Náuticos en la Dirección de Hidrografía y NavegaciónPublishedReferee
Influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the diversity and abundance of aquatic invertebrates along a Neotropical floodplain.
No full textWeather events such as El Niño and La Niña alter the water level amplitude in floodplain systems. Some groups of benthic invertebrates, such as Chironomidae, respond to these oscillations, which makes this community an important tool in climate change studies. In addition, changes caused by climate change in aquatic environments may favor the introduction of invasive species, such as Limnoperna fortunei. This species, which is a filter feeder, feeds mainly on organisms such as phytoplankton, which can lead to a reduction in its abundance. To this end, we analyzed how weather events affect the Chironomidae community and how L. fortunei larvae densities can affect the densities of phytoplankton and protozooplankton communities in the upper Paraná River floodplain. We observed that weather events did not have a negative effect on Chironomidae community attributes and that L. fortunei larval densities were positively correlated with high phytoplankton and protozooplankton densities, due to high food supply. Another extremely importante highlight not recorded in the literature consulted, refers to the fact that hydroelectric act as envitonmental filters in the densities of L. fortunei, as the turbines damage the larvae, which affects their survival In view of this, we conclude that studies that address climate effects on species diversity and the impacts that invasive species cause on local communities are of great importance to assess current and future changes in ecosystems and thus develop management plans.Eventos climáticos como El Niño e La Niña alteram a amplitude do nível da água em sistemas de planícies de inundações. Alguns grupos de invertebrados bentônicos, como Chironomidae, respondem a essas oscilações, afetando os atributos, como riqueza de espécie e abundância, o que torna essa comunidade uma importante ferramenta em estudos de mudanças climáticas. As alterações causadas pelas mudanças climáticas nos ambientes aquáticos, favorecem a introdução de espécies invasoras, como do molusco Limnoperna fortunei. Este bivalve, filtrador, alimenta-se principalmente de organismos do plâncton, especialmente microalgas, o que pode ocasionar a redução da sua abundância. Para tanto, analisou-se como os eventos climáticos extremos afetam a comunidade de Chironomidae e como as densidades de larvas de L. fortunei alteram as densidades das comunidades de fitoplâncton e protozooplâncton na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Observou-se também, que os eventos climáticos não tiveram um efeito negativo tão impactante sobre os atributos da comunidade de Chironomidae e que as densidades larvais de L. fortunei foi positivamente correlacionado com as altas densidades de fitoplâncton e protozooplâncton, devido à alta fonte de alimento. Outro destaque de suma importância não registrado na literatura consultada, refere-se ao fato de que as usinas hidrelétricas atuam como filtros ambientais nas densidades de L.fortunei, pois as turbinas danificam as larvas, o que afeta a sua sobrevivência . Mediante a análise dos dados obtidos, conclui-se que estudos que abordem os efeitos climáticos sobre a diversidade de espécies e os impactos que espécies invasoras causam nas comunidades locais são de grande importância para avaliar as modificações atuais e futuras nos ecossistemas e assim desenvolver planos de manejo mais eficientes para a conservação e preservação das espécies.Ph
Accuracy verification of a vessel-mounted laser scanner and its application to hydrographic surveys.
No full textA technology has been developed to measure topographies and features on land in three dimensions using a vessel-mounted laser scanner while performing multibeam echo sounders. As a first step to examining whether this technology can be used in hydrographic survey for nautical charting, we tried to measure the coastline using a laser scanner. In this trial measurement, we devised procedures of bias value measurement and accuracy confirmation and verified the horizontal position accuracy of the point cloud data measured by the laser scanner. Accuracy verification showed that there was almost no difference between the position of point cloud data measured by the laser scanner in calm sea and the coastline measured by the kinematic GNSS, so we concluded it can be used to draw the coastline on nautical charts. On the other hand, the measurement accuracy was inferior in rough seas. In addition, measurement by laser scanner enables the precise measurement of the coastline such as wave-dissipating blocks and is expected to be applied to vertical clearance measurements under bridges and position measurement of buoys and fishing implements.PublishedReferee
Мониторинг качества рыбы в обеспечении устойчивой безопасности продукции.
No full textTo provide consumers with high-quality and safe products, to prevent the entry of low-quality and dangerous food products into the consumer market, monitoring programs are provided. The results of monitoring samples of frozen fish of various families and species for the period 2020–2022 have been given. Labeling, organoleptic indicators of fish samples have been analyzed for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents. The mass fraction of glaze, the mass fraction of phosphates in terms of P2O5, the content of histamine, toxic elements: lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic have been determined. Labeling deficiencies are revealed in 1.3 % of the samples. A small, inaccessible font (less than 9 points) makes it difficult for the consumer to obtain complete information about the product. An excess of the mass fraction of glaze on average 0.7–0.8 % in pike perch samples has been revealed. The actual values of the mass fraction of phosphates have not exceeded the maximum allowable limits. The lowest content of phosphates has been noted in samples of pike perch (from 2.3 to 2.0 g/kg), the highest in pink salmon (from 5.0 to 4.1 g/kg) and salmon (5.2–4.7 g/kg). The content of histamine in all samples has been within the normal range. The smallest amount of histamine has been found in samples of mackerel (from 18.0 to 11.0 mg/kg) and pollock (17.0–11.0 mg/kg), the largest in pink salmon (25.0–16.0 mg/kg) and herring (22.0–19.0 mg/kg). The concentration of heavy metals has not exceeded the maximum allowable values. The results obtained are of practical importance for manufacturers in the development of labeling that satisfies consumer demand for information about the product and for consumers in the formation of the diet.Для обеспечения потребителей качественной и безопасной продукцией, предотвращения поступления на потребительский рынок некачественных и опасных пищевых продуктов предусмотрены программы мониторинга. Приведены результаты мониторинга образцов рыбы мороженой различных семейств и видов за период 2020–2022 гг. Проанализированы на соответствие требованиям нормативных документов маркировка, органолептические показатели образцов рыбы. Определена массовая доля глазури, массовая доля фосфатов в пересчете на Р2О5, содержание гистамина, токсичных элементов: свинца, кадмия, ртути, мышьяка. Выявлены недостатки маркировки у 1,3 % образцов. Мелкий, недоступный для прочтения шрифт (менее 9 кеглей) затрудняет потребителю возможность получения полной информации о товаре. Выявлено превышение массовой доли глазури в среднем 0,7–0,8 % в образцах судака. Фактические значения массовой доли фосфатов не превышали предельно допустимых норм. Самое низкое содержание фосфатов отмечено в образцах судака (2,3–2,0 г/кг), самое высокое в горбуше (5,0–4,1 г/кг) и лососе (5,2–4,8 г/кг). Содержание гистамина во всех образцах находилось в пределах нормы. Наименьшее количество гистамина обнаружено в образцах скумбрии (18,0–11,0 мг/кг) и минтая (17,0–11,0 мг/кг), наибольшее в горбуше (25,0–16,0 мг/кг) и сельди (22,0–19,0 мг/кг). Концентрация тяжелых металлов не превышала предельно допустимых значений. Полученные результаты имеют практическую значимость для производителей при разработке маркировки, удовлетворяющей потребительский спрос на информацию о товаре и для потребителей при формировании рациона.PublishedReferee
Tropical cyclones hazard in Mariel`s Special Development Zone
No full textLas instalaciones industriales son vulnerables al impacto de los fenómenos naturales. La afectación a una instalación puede provocar grandes pérdidas económicas y desencadenar otros procesos que afecten la salud humana y generen contaminación ambiental. Para Cuba, los ciclones tropicales son uno de los más dañinos, por su recurrencia y su fuerza destructiva. Determinar la frecuencia e intensidad con la que pueden impactar sitios de importancia económica es vital para preparar adecuadamente las instalaciones y minimizar los daños. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar los ciclones tropicales que han afectado la Zona Especial de Desarrollo del Mariel, lugar donde se ubican más de 50 empresas de diferentes sectores económicos de gran importancia para el país. Para ello, se creó una herramienta informática que permite estudiar los ciclones tropicales que afectaron la zona de estudio en el período de 18512020, de acuerdo a su área de formación, intensidad, frecuencia y probabilidad de ocurrencia. Los resultados mostraron que la zona bajo estudio es altamente afectada por huracanes, especialmente de categoría 1 y 2, con trayectorias típicas de los meses de septiembre y octubre. Esta información permite optimizar la gestión del riesgo del territorio.Industrial facilities are vulnerable to the strike of natural phenomena. Their effects on these facilities can cause great economic losses and trigger other process that threat human health and contaminate the environment. Tropical cyclones are one of the most harmful natural phenomena to Cuba because of its recurrence and destructive force. Determining the frequency and intensity with which them might affect important economic places, is vital in order for facilities to get adequately prepared and minimize damages. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to characterize tropical cyclones that have affected Mariel`s Special Development Zone (ZEDM in Spanish), where are located more than 50 companies from different economic sectors with great significance to Cuba. It was created a tool that allows to study the tropical cyclones that have affected this area in the 1851-2020 period according to their formation area, intensity, frequency and probability of occurrence. Results shown that the studied area is highly affected by category 1 and 2 hurricanes, with September and October’s average paths. This information is useful for optimizing the risk assessment in this area.PublishedReferee
Разработка технологии пресервов из медузы Rhizostoma pulmo (Macri, 1778)
No full textProduction of preserves is being considered as a possible option for the barrel jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo processing. This work presents the results of experimental studies on production of the preserves derived from the jellyfish that underwent salting and treatment with the tanning substances extracted from oak bark and green tea leaves. It has been noted that the organoleptic characteristics of the preserves in satay sauce and various spicy filling media are appealing for consumption. The investigated samples of the preserves, in terms of the mass percentages of the main product (jellyfish) and cooking salt, met the requirements of TR EAEU 040/2016. Based on the preliminary assessment, the shelf life of the preserves can last 2 months at the temperature 4±2 °С.Производство пресервов рассматривается как одно из возможных направлений переработки медузы Rhizostoma pulmo. В работе приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований по изготовлению пресервов из медузы, предварительно посоленной с использованием дубильных веществ, извлеченных из коры дуба и листьев зеленого чая. Отмечены высокие органолептические показатели пресервов в ореховом соусе и пряных заливках/маринаде. Образцы пресервов по массовой доле основного продукта (медузы) и массовой доле поваренной соли соответствовали требованиям ТР ЕАЭС 040/2016. По предварительной оценке, срок годности пресервов может составлять 2 мес. при температуре 4±2 °С.PublishedNon Referee
Сравнительная характеристика кормов по биохимическим показателям сыворотки крови Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)
No full textThe main reasons for the decrease in feeding efficiency are dietary inadequacy and poor quality of the feed, which leads to its suboptimal consumption and accumulation of residue, which, in turn, results in deterioration of the hydrochemical regime. This study presents the comparative analysis of two fish feeds in terms of their safe use for Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) feeding and their impact on water quality. The investigation was conducted on the rainbow trout individuals in the recirculating aquaculture system at the Aquaculture Center of the K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management in 2021–2020 and involved the comparison of the feeds CRYSTAL (protein content 42.65 %) produced by Alltech Coppens and Basic PL 45/20 A50 (protein content 45.81 %) produced by BNBC (Belarusian National Biotechnology Corporation). Six test groups were included in the experiment: three groups were fed with Alltech Coppens CRYSTAL and the other three groups were fed with BNBC Basic PL compound feed. The biochemical characteristics of the rainbow trout blood serum have been identified using the blood taken from a caudal vein, and the hydrochemical characteristics of the water have been identified using standard procedures. A distinct relationship between the protein content in Oncorhynchus mykiss blood serum and protein content in the feeds has been found. The hydrochemical characteristics of the water in the recirculating aquaculture system over the course of the experiment remained within the normal range, with exception of iron that had been present before the experiment and did not have an adverse effect on the fish’s health.Главными причинами снижения эффективности кормления являются несбалансированность рационов и низкое качество кормов, ведущее к их неразумному расходу и скоплению остатков, что влечет за собой ухудшение гидрохимического режима. Цель данных исследований заключалась в сравнительном анализе двух видов кормов в аспекте их безопасного использования в кормлении Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) и влияния на показатели качества воды. На представителях семейства радужной форели в УЗВ Центра аквакультуры МГУТУ им. К.Г. Разумовского в период 2021–2022 гг. проводилось исследование по изучению кормов CRYSTAL (протеина 42,65 %) производства Alltech Coppens и Basic PL 45/20 A50 (протеина 45,81 %) производства БНБК (Белорусская национальная биотехнологическая корпорация). В эксперименте участвовало 6 групп: 3 опытные группы находились на кормлении Alltech Coppens CRYSTAL, а другие 3 — на кормлении комбикормом БНБК Basic PL. В эксперименте определяли биохимические показатели сыворотки крови у форели, у которой забирали кровь из хвостовой вены, и гидрохимические показатели воды с применением стандартных методик. Выстроилась четкая зависимость между белком в сыворотке крови Oncorhynchus mykiss и содержанием протеина в кормах. Гидрохимические показатели УЗВ в экспериментальный период были в пределах нормы, за исключением железа, которое присутствовало в воде и до начала эксперимента и не оказало отрицательного влияния на здоровье рыбы.PublishedReferee
A comparative study on the ecosystem-based fisheries risk analysis of algerian fisheries.
No full textThere is a growing need to evaluate how fishing activities is being affecting the ecosystem. The study seeks to frame the assessment of risk status of three main fisheries operating in the Algerian coastal ecosystem, which are trawl, purse seine, and small-scale fisheries. The ecosystem-based fisheries assessment has been suggested to conduct the present study. Tier 2 process analysis has been used since the qualitative data was not rich. Across the nested risk design, the trawl, purse seine, and small-scale fisheries risk indices were projected in the yellow zone. The highestfishery risk index(FRI)was observed in the trawl fishery (1.363), followed by the small-scale fishery (1.309), then the lowest value was found in the purse seine fisheries (1.114). The purse seine fishery risk index differed significantly from both of trawl and small-scale fisheries risk indices, whereas there was no significant difference between trawl fishery risk index and small-scale fishery risk index. A proper management measures were to improve the fisheries risk situations.Références bibliographiques, Figures, Tableaux.PublishedReferee
Effect of land use on the water quality of neotropical streams at multiple spatial scales.
No full textIncreased human activities are threatening watershed landscapes and water quality monitoring and multiscale analysis have become essential tools for water resource management. In order to evaluate the influence of land use on water quality at different spatial scales. Twelve low-order streams were selected in which limnological samplings (physical, chemical and biological) were carried out during the dry season. The water quality index was used, based on the quality standards of Canada and Brazil. The percentage of land use was measured at local scale and water network. The environmental variables were summarized through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and subsequently used in the construction of Linear Models (lm) for each axis resulting from the PCA, using the percentage of land use classes and land slope. The presence of contamination by Lead, Chromium, Copper, Nitrogen and Escherichia coli was verified. It was found that the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life (CWQG-PAL) were more effective in protecting aquatic ecosystems than the National Council for the Environment Resolution No. 357/2005 (CONAMA 357/2005), due to its constant, more rigorous and sensitive monitoring. Agricultural activities and those inherent to urban areas were the main responsible for the degradation of water quality. The negative impact of agriculture was observed both on a local scale and on the water network, while urban areas had a negative effect only on the water network scale. It was also found that forests on a local scale are associated with improved water quality. It emphasizes the importance of the multiscale approach in the management of watersheds and in public policies, which should consider not only forest preservation on a local scale, but also human activities throughout the watershed. It is recommended the need for a reformulation of CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005 with a methodology applied to conservationism and holistic, as well as the importance of public policies and changes in the law of the Brazilian Forest Code on areas of permanent preservation.O aumento das atividades humanas ameaça as paisagens das bacias hidrográficas e o monitoramento da qualidade da água e as análises multiescala têm se tornado ferramentas essenciais para a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do uso da terra na qualidade da água em diferentes escalas espaciais. Foram selecionados 12 riachos de baixa ordem nos quais foram realizadas amostragens limnológicas (físicas, químicas e biológicas) durante o período de estiagem. Utilizou-se o índice de qualidade da água, com base nos padrões de qualidade do Canadá e Brasil. Mediu-se a porcentagem de uso da terra em escala local e rede hídrica. As variáveis ambientais foram sumarizadas por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e posteriormente utilizadas na construção de Modelos Lineares (lm) para cada eixo resultante da PCA, utilizando a porcentagem das classes de uso da terra e declividade do terreno. Constatou-se a presença de contaminação por Chumbo, Cromo, Cobre, Nitrogênio e Escherichia coli. Constatou-se que as Diretrizes Canadenses de Qualidade da Água para a Proteção da Vida Aquática (CWQG-PAL) foram mais efetivas na proteção dos ecossistemas aquáticos do que a Resolução do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente N° 357/2005 (CONAMA 357/2005), devido ao seu monitoramento constante, mais rigoroso e sensível. As atividades agropecuárias e aquelas inerentes às áreas urbanas foram as principais responsáveis pela degradação da qualidade da água. Observou-se o impacto negativo da agropecuária tanto em escala local quanto na rede hídrica, enquanto as áreas urbanas tiveram o efeito negativo somente na escala de rede hídrica. Constatou-se também que as florestas em escala local estão associadas a melhoria na qualidade da água. Ressalta-se a importância da abordagem multiescala na gestão de bacias hidrográficas e nas políticas públicas, que deve considerar não apenas a preservação florestal em escala local, mas também as atividades humanas em toda a bacia hidrográfica. Recomenda-se a necessidade de uma reformulação na Resolução CONAMA Nº 357/2005 com uma metodologia aplicada ao conservacionismo e holística, bem como, a importância de políticas públicas e mudanças na lei do Código Florestal Brasileiro sobre as áreas de preservação permanente.Master