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Развитие кормового зоопланктона в Азовском море при изменении солености и хищничестве желетелого макропланктона
No full textThis work presents the results of long-term assessment of the influence of the Azov Sea salinity changes and predation pressure of the Black Sea gelatinous invading species—ctenophores and scyphozoans—on the development of fodder zooplankton. It is shown that the increase in the salinity of the water body leads to considerable changes in the taxonomic structure of its community. Freshwater and brackish-water species are being replaced by characteristic marine taxa from the Black Sea that are gradually becoming dominant. The number of the species immigrating from the Black Sea is growing; their range extends beyond the Southern Azov Sea. Some of them are rapidly developing far outside the area directly influenced by the Black Sea waters, including Taganrog Bay. The gelatinous predatory ctenophores and jellyfish from the Black Sea start to appear in this water body. Simultaneous development of these species escalates the consumption of fodder zooplankton by invaders. More substantial changes in taxonomic structure of the community are also observed; its development indicators and production are decreasing.В работе приведены результаты многолетних исследований по оценке влияния изменения солености Азовского моря и хищничества черноморских желетелых вселенцев — гребневиков и сцифоидных медуз на развитие кормового зоопланктона. Показано, что увеличение солености водоема существенно изменяет таксономическую структуру сообщества. Происходит вытеснение пресноводных и солоноватоводных видов животных типично морскими черноморскими таксонами, которые постепенно приобретают статус доминирующих. Заметно расширяется список черноморских мигрантов, их ареал перестает ограничиваться южной частью Азовского моря. Некоторые из них активно развиваются далеко за пределами наибольшего влияния черноморских вод, включая Таганрогский залив. В водоеме появляются черноморские желетелые хищные гребневики и медузы. При одновременном развитии популяций этих видов выедание кормового зоопланктона вселенцами заметно усиливается. Наблюдаются более существенные изменения таксономической структуры сообщества, снижаются количественные показатели его развития и продукция.PublishedNon Referee
Водные биоресурсы и среда обитания. Том 6, № 4
No full textPossible scenarios are given for the formation of the continental runoff and the salinity of the Azov Sea, taking into account the current and future trends in climate change. Short-term forecast are suggested for the changes in the primary production of organic matter and pollution by priority toxicants in the Azov Sea. Specific features of photometric determination of organic carbon in bottom sediments are presented. Exploitable resources of commercial invertebrates in the Azov Sea and the dynamics of their exploitation in 2000–2022 are considered. The Azov Sea populations of sturgeon fish species as a part of monitoring the catches by stationary fishing gears along the Kuban coast are investigated. Morphological characteristics and biological features of Smith's barb Puntioplites proctozystron (Bleeker, 1865) in the Mekong River Delta are studied. Artificial reproduction of semi-anadromous fish species under different development scenarios of hydrological situation in the Azov Sea is analysed. Release of juvenile sturgeons in the Azov–Kuban region by sturgeon hatcheries of the Federal Agency for Fishery in 2016–2022 is reported.Представлены возможные сценарии формирования материкового стока и солености вод Азовского моря с учетом современных и перспективных тенденций изменения климата. Дан прогноз динамики первичной продукции органического вещества и загрязнения приоритетными токсикантами Азовского моря на краткосрочную перспективу. Обсуждаются особенности фотометрического определения органического углерода в донных отложениях. Охарактеризована сырьевая база промысловых беспозвоночных в Азовском море и динамика ее освоения в 2000–2022 гг. Исследованы азовские популяции осетровых рыб при осуществлении мониторинга промысла ставными орудиями лова у Кубанского побережья. Изучены морфологические характеристики и особенности биологии барбуса Смита Puntioplites proctozystron (Bleeker, 1865) в дельте реки Меконг. Описано искусственное воспроизводство полупроходных видов рыб при разных сценариях развития гидрологической обстановки в Азовском море. Дан отчет о выпуске молоди осетровых в Азово-Кубанском районе с рыбоводных заводов Федерального агентства по рыболовству в период с 2016 по 2022 г.PublishedReferee
Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF), Evaluation of economic indicators and closure areas in the western Mediterranean. (STECF-23-01).
No full textCommission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, aquaculture or similar disciplines. This report is the 10th of a suite of STECF EWG reports dedicated to the evaluation of the implementation of the Western Mediterranean Sea Multi-Annual management Plan (hereafter, MAP), following EWG reports 18-09, 18-13, 19-01, 19-14, 20-13, 21-01, 21- 13, 22-01 and 22-11. The group was requested to continue the development of socio-economic indicators to be used in the evaluation of management measures for the West Med MAP in both West Med management units (EMU1 and EMU 1) (TOR1). Two roadmaps were discussed, a short term approach and a long term approach which would consider the expansion of all the mixed-fisheries bio-economic models to both management units. As a first step, the group focused on the proposal of harmonizing the economic indicators across the models implemented (TOR2). The group was than requested to further develop the approach implemented during EWG 22-01 to identify persistence hotspots of the six target species of the West Med MAP using scientific survey data (MEDITS) in combination to commercial spatial data (VMS joined with logbooks), to test existing and additional closure areas (TOR 3). The group was also requested to revise Article 8 of the 2023 fishing opportunities for the West Med MAP (COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2023/195), which lists the compensation mechanisms that MSs can implement within the West Med MAP to obtain additional fishing days in 2023 (TOR 4). For TOR 1 a roadmap was discussed and proposed on how to organise the work on socio-economic assessments for the West Med MAP in 2023. The EWG suggests that here should be a three-step process: a scoping exercise (done with EWG 23- 01), a meeting with stakeholders in the middle of the year to discuss their perception of the socio-economic consequences of measures of the West Med MAP and the running of scenarios during EWG 23-11 with results from socio-economic assessments. The EWG notes that the modellers have only the five-day meeting in September to run scenarios. Therefore, it would be crucial for the success of the assessments that the 6 scenarios provided by DG Mare for the EWG 22-11 and with some adjustments for EWG 23-01 will not change for EWG 23-11. It is crucial because those scenarios are already implemented in the models and the implementation of new scenarios would take a lot of time. The EWG proposes to run a few additional scenarios with only one measures to separate impacts of certain measures from the six scenarios where a mixture of measures is included. This would hopefully allow to give an indication what additional efforts may be necessary to reach MSY (in 2025 but also beyond in case the objective is not reached by 2025) and when gains from the implementation of the West Med Plan could be expected. The EWG observes that modelers need to put in additional effort and resources to improve the models for an improved assessment of the West Med MAP. The models were not originally developed for the assessment of the West Med MAP and only cover parts of the area of the Western Mediterranean. Such an improvement of the models could also include work to provide longer-term socio-economic assessments of measures where modelers need to take additional assumptions into account. The EWG notes that it would be beneficial if modelers receive a basic list of assumptions for key economic variables before the EWG 23-11 meeting in September. In 2022, for example, the increased fuel costs were an important factor regarding the economic performance of the fleets. In 2023 fuel costs have decreased but there are other cost categories with a substantial increase. The EWG concludes that DG Mare should not change the 6 provided scenarios substantially before the EWG 23-11 meeting in September. This would allow the modelers to run the models during the meeting and provide the socio-economic results. The EWG concludes that STECF and DG Mare should further discuss how resources could be provided to modelers to improve the applied models. The EWG concludes that the chairs of EWG 23-01 and 23-11 will provide a list of assumptions for the implementation of the models regarding key variables for the socio-economic assessments (short- and long-term). For TOR 2 the EWG discussed what variables and indicators the applied models include and provide. From that discussion a list of indicators was developed for which modelers will be able to provide results in the EWG 23-11 report. The EWG concludes that a list of indicators is provided for which EWG 23-11 will present results in autumn 2023. For TOR 3 the EWG notes that new closure areas for 2023 were implemented only by Spain (EMU 1) (Orden APA/80/2023). All closures areas implemented under the West Med MAP are described to allow testing if their implementation would reduce the catches of juveniles and adults of the six target species of the MAP by 15-25%. The EWG notes that the methodology followed to prioritise, developing and updating closure areas based on their conservation value on the basis of existing closures, proposed closures from EWG 22-01 and new proposals developed by EWG 23-01 based on updated MEDISEH layers is similar to the one used during EWG 22- 01. Updated MEDISEH layers were used for priority species (ARA, MUT and HKE) in combination with old MEDISEH layers for other species and distribution maps of commercial effort from EWG 22-01. Calculation of the percentage of the trawlable GSA area closed to fishing is higher in EMU 1 than EMU 2, therefore the estimation of additional closure areas on top of the existing ones foccused on this management unit. Additional closure areas to test were based on persistence hotsposts from survey data and from areas of high effort in order to impact directly on the reduction of fishing mortality. The EWG notes that the exisiting and additional closures could be tested only in EMU 2 and GSA 7 as for GSA 1, 5 and 6 the extension of the spatially-explicit model ISIS-Fish is not complete yet and it is still limited to a single species (HKE). The EWG notes that closure areas in GSA 7 were tested with two different methods. A static method comparing effort distribution data before and after the closures implementation in 2020, and a dynamic method applying ISIS-Fish. The first method showed how the establishment of the spatio-temporal closure imposed a strong seasonal constraint to the fishing effort in the Gulf of Lions, and that the fishermen community responded quite well to the new rule, although vessels increased their fishing effort along the closure border, with a typical « fishing the line » pattern, especially in the fall. The second model showed that introducing an additional closure did not improve the rebuilding of the hake stock, while changing the closures from seasonal to permanent suggested the strongest effect. The EWG notes that in EMU 2 that temporal closures for the whole fleet reduce global effort while additional spatial closures increase effort towards coastal areas (depths <200m) specifically for fleet segments <18m. Fishing mortality instead is reduced for all species by the introducion of additional closures, specifically those targeting high effort areas, although Fmsy is reached only for ARS and DPS and for already underexploited stocks (MUT 10 and NEP). The EWG concludes that provided that the area in GSA 7 have been chosen according to juvenile hake catch, we can expect that, given the strong observed response of the fishermen community, the closure in GSA7 has the potential to positvely impact the hake recruitment in the long run. Still, two years of implementation remains a short time-scale to observe strong changes in a long- lived stock. More time, observations and analysis will be necessary in the future to further quantify the efficiency of these closures. The EWG concludes that no positive effects on the stocks biomasses are observed in EMU 2 indipendently of the scenarios applied. For TOR 4, the EWG notes that both definitions of “juveniles” and “spawners” are not clearly stated in the Regulation (95/2023) making a bit challenging the evaluation of the criterions. A similar consideration could be done for the term “catch reduction” which is never specified whether it should be considered in number or weight. The EWG could not fully understand if the compliance with the criterions in term of results achieved would be evaluated at some point in the process. The EWG reports that for point a) the literature suggests that the requested threshold of at least 25% of reduction in hake juveniles seems not achievable. For point b) only for Blue and red shrimps the introduction of a 50mm square mesh size seems to lead to the decrease of specimens below 25mm CL at least of 25%. However, for vessels targeting Blue and red shrimps in EMU2, this is a mixed fisheries targeting also Giant red shrimp and it is not applicable to have two different size thresholds for the two species. The EWG suggested that the criterion should be revised providing just one size threshold, ideally selecting the one proposed for blue and red shrimps. According to the IMPLEMED results the same conclusion of point a) can be shared with point c) when a grid of 20mm space bar is used. For point d) EWG cannot find any clear evidence or results which corroborate the fact that specific closures could lead to a reduction in juveniles and spawners at the level requested by the criterion. Point e) refers to an increase of the MCRS for hake (26cm TL) which if not linked with some additional technical measures should just lead to an increase of discards of hake and, likely, black market. For point f), the EWG agreed the temporal closures implemented by Spain and France under the West Med MAP are following the criterion. The EWG concludes that considering the available knowledge and the analysis done during the meeting only the requests based on point b) and point f) could be considered fully in compliance with what the criterion stated, for point d) there weren’t enough information to be fully evaluated if it is feasible or not while the others criterion seems to be not corroborated by the available literature.PublishedReferee
Результаты выращивания молоди судака Sander lucioperca (L.) и тарани Rutilus rutilus (L.) в нерестово-выростных хозяйствах Краснодарского края в 2023 году
No full textThis work presents quantitative data collected in the course of zander and roach artificial reproduction in the hatcheries of the Krasnodar Territory in 2023. Based on the surveys, 4.68 t of roach and 17.5 t of zander entered the reservoirs of Yeysk Experimental Hatchery for spawning. For the first time during the long-term observations, young individuals of low reproductive quality prevailed in the roach spawning stock. During the downstream migration, roach juveniles were absent in catches, and zander juveniles occurred very sporadically, which indicates their increased loss during all stages of early ontogenesis. The data collected in Beysug Hatchery gives evidence of 2.484 t of roach and 2.557 t of zander entering its reservoirs for spawning. In June–July, during the downstream migration, 16.48 million ind. of roach juveniles, which weight ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 g, were recorded; for zander juveniles these values were 0.140 million ind. and 0.91–1.53 g. The downstream migration of juveniles continued in August. At the floodgate of East-Akhtarsk Hatchery, the monitoring of breeders recorded 0.457 t of roach and 0.088 t of zander. The breeders were of low reproductive quality. Based on quantitative evaluation, the reproduction yield in the East-Akhtarsk Hatchery reservoir was 153.4 million ind. of roach (weight ranging from 0.3 to 0.96 g) and 102.25 million ind. of zander (weight 1.28–2.07 g). The monitoring of breeders entering the limans of Chernoerkovsk Hatchery recorded 8.0 t of roach and 12.85 t of zander. Chernorkovsk Hatchery showed the highest results: 426.32 million ind. of roach juveniles (weight 0.3–0.9 g) and 218.16 million ind. of zander juveniles (weight 0.47–3.37 g). Analysis of the obtained data has shown that low reproductive efficiency of both roach and zander is indicative for almost all investigated reservoirs of the hatcheries.В работе приводятся материалы, характеризующие количественные показатели искусственного воспроизводства судака и тарани в нерестово-выростных хозяйствах Краснодарского края в 2023 г. По учетным данным на нерест в водоемы Ейского ЭХРВР зашло 4,68 т тарани и 17,5 т судака. Впервые за ряд лет наблюдений в нерестовом стаде тарани преобладали младшевозрастные особи с низкими рыбоводными показателями. В период ската молодь тарани в уловах отсутствовала, а молодь судака встречалась единично, что свидетельствует о повышенном отходе молоди на всех этапах раннего онтогенеза. По данным Бейсугского НВХ на нерест в водоемы было пропущено 2,484 т тарани и 2,557 т судака. При скате молоди в июне–июле было учтено 16,48 млн экз. молоди тарани массой 0,3–1,2 г и 0,140 млн экз. молоди судака массой 0,91– 1,53 г, в августе скат молоди продолжался. При мониторинге захода производителей на шлюзе Восточно-Ахтарского НВХ было учтено 0,457 т тарани и 0,088 т судака. Производители характеризовались низкими рыбоводными показателями. По итогам бонитировочного учета объемы воспроизводства в водоемах ВАНВХ составили 153,4 млн экз. тарани массой 0,3–0,96 г и 102,25 млн экз. судака массой 1,28–2,07 г. При мониторинге захода производителей в лиманы ЧНВХ было учтено 8,0 т тарани и 12,85 т судака. На Черноерковском НВХ получены самые высокие результаты, всего было учтено 426,32 млн экз. молоди тарани массой 0,3–0,9 г и 218,16 млн экз. судака массой 0,47–3,37 г. Анализ полученных материалов свидетельствует о том, что практически во всех исследуемых водоемах НВХ отмечается низкая эффективность воспроизводства молоди тарани и судака.PublishedNon Referee
Материалы по оценке вклада воспроизводственных предприятий Азовского бассейна в пополнение природных популяций осетровых видов рыб
No full textOver the course of long-term studies, the contribution of some sturgeon hatcheries into the population abundance of the sturgeon species in the Azov and Black Sea Basin has been investigated. For this purpose, the genotypes of the Russian sturgeon and starry sturgeon breeders from the hatchery broodstocks have been analyzed and compared with the sturgeon juveniles caught in the natural water bodies to identify their relation. It has been found out that the frequency of occurrence of the juveniles spawned by the breeders from the hatchery broodstocks does not correlate with the number of juveniles released by the corresponding breeding facility. The largest share of the investigated Russian sturgeon juveniles originated from the breeders from the Don Sturgeon Hatchery (77 %); the offspring of the breeders from the Temryuk Sturgeon Hatchery comprised 20 % of the total number, and 3 % of the juveniles originated from the Grivensk Sturgeon Hatchery. Out of the investigated starry sturgeon juveniles, the share of the offspring was 37 % for the Don Sturgeon Hatchery, 61 % for the Grivensk Sturgeon Hatchery, and 2 % for the Temryuk Sturgeon Hatchery.В ходе многолетних исследований изучен вклад отдельных осетровых рыбоводных заводов (ОРЗ) в пополнение численности популяции осетровых видов рыб Азово-Черноморского бассейна. Для этого были проанализированы генотипы заводских производителей русского осетра и севрюги и выловленной в естественных водоемах молоди осетровых рыб, проведено их сопоставление на предмет родства. Выявлено, что частота встречаемости молоди, являющейся потомством заводских производителей, не коррелирует с объемами выпуска молоди конкретными воспроизводственными предприятиями. Наибольшую долю из проанализированной молоди русского осетра составляли потомки рыб с ОРЗ «Донской» (77 %), потомки рыб с Темрюкского ОРЗ составляли 20 %, с Гривенского ОРЗ — 3 %. Среди молоди севрюги доля потомков производителей с ОРЗ «Донской» составляла 37 %, с Гривенского ОРЗ — 61 %, с Темрюкского ОРЗ — 2 %.PublishedNon Referee
Трансформация таксоцена полихет мелководной части Каркинитского залива в условиях изменения солености
No full textKarkinit Bay is the largest bay of the Black Sea. Since the 1960s, after the construction of the North Crimean Canal, the water in the top of the bay was heavily desalinated by runoff from fish ponds and irrigation systems. In 2014, after the canal was blocked, the salinity of the water increased, and the living conditions of the organisms changed. This work is aimed at the assessment of the change in the species composition and quantitative characteristics of the polychaete taxocene in the shallow zone of Karkinit Bay in 2018, which resulted from the changes in water salinity, as compared to those in 2008. The studies were carried out in August of 2008 and 2018—in three sampling areas at 17 stations (in 2008 and 2018 alike) at depths of 0.2–1.7 m. Samples of macrozoobenthos were collected using a manual bottom grab with a sample area of 0.04 m2. In the top part of Karkinit Bay in the first half of the 21st century, 35 species of polychaetes were recorded. Polychaete worms belonging to 19 families have been identified, with the families Phyllodocidae, Syllidae, Nereidae, and Spionidae comprising the largest number of species (4 species each). Three species — Lysidice unicornis, Polyophthalmus pictus, Syllis prolifera — were recorded in Karkinit Bay for the first time. It is shown that, with the post-2014 increase in salinity, the species richness of the polychaete taxocene in the investigated area has also increased. In 2008, 24 species were found, and in 2018, 32 species. The average abundance of polychaetes in 2008 was 948± 345 ind./m2, and in 2018, it was 417±161 ind./m2. Hediste diversicolor reached the highest abundance in 2008 (average abundance 676±371 ind./m2, maximum abundance 2313 ind./m2). In 2018, Polydora cornuta (600 ind./m2), Platynereis dumerilii (225 ind./m2), and Scolelepis tridentata (450 ind./m2) were characterized by the highest abundance. With an increase in salinity in the range of 1.5–17.8 ‰, a decrease in the density of H. diversicolor was recorded and, conversely, an increase in the density of other Polychaeta species.Каркинитский залив — крупнейший залив Черного моря. С 1960-х гг., после постройки Северо-Крымского канала, вода в вершинной части залива сильно опреснялась стоками из рыбоводных прудов и оросительных систем. В 2014 г., после перекрытия канала, соленость воды повысилась и условия обитания организмов изменились. Цель настоящей работы — оценить изменение видового состава и количественных характеристик таксоцена полихет в мелководной зоне Каркинитского залива в 2018 г. по сравнению с 2008 г. после изменения солености воды. Исследования выполнены в августе 2008 и 2018 гг. на трех полигонах (по 17 станций в 2008 и 2018 гг.) на глубинах 0,2–1,7 м. Пробы макрозообентоса отбирали ручным дночерпателем площадью захвата 0,04 м2. В вершинной части Каркинитского залива в первой половине XXI века отмечено 35 видов полихет. Зарегистрированы многощетинковые черви 19 семейств; наибольшим числом видов представлены семейства Phyllodocidae, Syllidae, Nereidae, Spionidae (по 4 вида). Три вида — Lysidice unicornis, Polyophthalmus pictus, Syllis prolifera — впервые отмечены для акватории Каркинитского залива. Показано, что с увеличением солености после 2014 г. видовое богатство таксоцена полихет в исследованной акватории увеличилось. В 2008 г. обнаружено 24, в 2018 г. — 32 вида. Средняя численность полихет в 2008 г. — 948±345 экз./м2, в 2018 г. — 417±161 экз./м2. Наибольшей численности в 2008 г. достигал Hediste diversicolor (средняя численность 676±371 экз./м2, максимальная — 2313 экз./м2). В 2018 г. максимальными показателями численности отличались Polydora cornuta (600 экз./м2), Platynereis dumerilii (225 экз./м2) и Scolelepis tridentata (450 экз./м2). При возрастании солености в диапазоне 1,5–17,8 ‰ отмечено снижение плотности H. diversicolor и, напротив, увеличение плотности других видов Polychaeta.PublishedReferee
Measures such as Area-based Management Tools, Including Marine Protected Areas
No full textIn the fourth video (4/6) of the series, Prof. Dr. Vasco Becker-Weinberg (New University of Lisbon) explains the provisions of Part III on "Measures such as area-based management tools, including marine protected areas" of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement), which was adopted on 19 June 2023 in New York. The presentation is part of the workshop "Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)", which took place in the framework of the 9th Summer School on the European Union and the Law of the Sea (EULoS). It was organized by the Institute for the Law of the Sea and International Marine Environmental Law (@ISRIM ) and the University of Genoa (@Uni.Genova) on 1 September 2023. The workshop is a UN Ocean Decade Activity.Challenge 2: Protect and restore ecosystems and biodiversity; Challenge 4: Develop a sustainable and equitable ocean economy.PublishedReferee
Реконструкция условий формирования красноцветных песчаников Терского берега на основе сравнительного анализа структуры древних и современных отложений (Кольский полуостров)
No full textThe paper presents the results of studying the Riphean red-colored sandstones of the Tersky coast of the White Sea. 21 structural elements characterizing the conditions of rock formation have been considered, including 15 ancient and 6 modern deposits. Observations were carried out for 10 years in two areas of the White Sea coast. The purpose of the research is to establish the reasons for the absence of organic matter, the origin of the hematite admixture in the Riphean sandstones, and to assess the climatic conditions during their formation. These issues are key to identifying the Proterozoic red formation. The data have shown that some rock structures are similar in ancient and modern deposits. Such structures include, for example, wave ripples repeating in detail the dimension, shape, and orientation in both epochs, and therefore can be used to assess ancient marine sedimentation conditions. However, most of the structures testify to fundamental differences in the conditions of rock formation. It has been established that takyrs were systematically formed in ancient rocks and hematite was deposited, which indicates the arid climate in the Riphean and the specific composition of sea water. The most important difference between ancient deposits is the absence of fauna and flora in them.В статье приведены результаты изучения рифейских красноцветных песчаников Терского берега Белого моря. Рассмотрен 21 структурный элемент, характеризующий условия образования пород, в том числе 15 древних и 6 современных отложений. Наблюдения проводились в течение 10 лет на двух участках побережья Белого моря. Цель исследований состояла в установлении причин отсутствия органики, происхождения примеси гематита в песчаниках рифея и оценке климатических условий при их образовании. Эти вопросы являются ключевыми для выделения протерозойской красноцветной формации. Данные показали, что некоторые структуры пород аналогичны в древних и современных отложениях. К таким структурам относятся, например, волновая рябь, которая в деталях повторяет размерность, форму и ориентацию в обеих эпохах, поэтому может быть использована для оценки древних морских условий осадконакопления. Однако большая часть структур свидетельствует о принципиальных различиях условий образования пород. Установлено, что в древних породах систематически образовывались такыры и осаждался гематит, что свидетельствует о засушливом климате в рифее и специфическом составе морской воды. Наиболее важным отличием древних отложений является отсутствие в них фауны и флоры.PublishedReferee
Marine Genetic Resources: An Intellectual Property Perspective.
No full textAfter about 20 years of negotiations in different fora, the United Nations (UN) adopted on 19 June 2023 the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement). The BBNJ Agreement is intended to ensure conservational and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Part II of the new BBNJ Agreement deals with marine genetic resources (MGRs) of areas beyond national jurisdiction, i.e. the high seas and the Area (Art. 1(2), BBNJ Agreement), the digital sequence information (DSI) on MGRs, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from their utilization.The following review is based on the presentation “Marine genetic resources,
including the fair and equitable sharing of benefits: An intellectual property
perspective“ at the workshop:
Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity
of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)
organized by
the University of Genoa and the Institute for the Law of the Sea and
International Marine Environmental Law (ISRIM)
Genoa, 1 September 2023
an Activity of the
United Nations Oceans Decade
of Ocean Science for Sustainable DevelopmentPublishedNot Know
Технология консервов из мяса краба имитированного
No full textПроведены исследования по получению консервов из имитированного мяса крабов. Для получения консервов использованы 2 варианта палочек «крабовых», отличающихся содержанием белков и углеводов. «Крабовые» палочки фасовали в стеклянные банки и стерилизовали по разработанным режимам. Для сравнения использовали натуральные консервы из мороженого мяса камчатского краба. Установлено, что «крабовые» палочки на основе фарша «сурими», содержащие животные белки около 13,0 %, и исключающие в своем составе растительные белки, могут быть использованы для получения консервов из имитированного мяса крабов. Органолептические характеристики этих продуктов наиболее близки к таковым натуральных консервов из мороженого мяса краба. «Крабовые» палочки, в состав которых входят растительные белки, имеющие низкое содержание животных белков и большое количество углеводов при высокотемпературной обработке утрачивают исходные свойства и снижают качество продукта.PublishedNot Know