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Status and temporal change in the distribution of seagrass beds andcoral reefs in the waters of Phu Quoc islands, Kien Giang province
No full textTo assess the status and changes in the distribution of seagrass beds and coral reefs in Phu Quoc from 2005 to 2018, we utilized high-resolution multi-spectrum satellite images, aerial photographs, and Google maps. We collected data from three time periods: 2005 (using ASTER with 15 m resolution), 2010 (using SPOT5 with 10 m resolution), and 2018 (using SENTINEL-2 with 10 m resolution). We also conducted an accuracy assessment of 78 key sites in March-April 2019, representing corals (25 sites), seagrasses (28 sites), rocks (8 sites), and sand (12 sites) through SCUBA diving. The results showed that in 2018, the waters of Phu Quoc contained 513 ha of coral reefs and 10,035 ha of seagrass beds, with 290 ha of coral reefs and 9,185 ha of seagrass beds located within the Phu Quoc marine protected area. While the area of coral reefs remained stable between 2005 and 2018, the seagrass beds experienced a significant decline of 652 ha (6.1%), with most losses occurring at Bai Vong (501 ha; 4.69%), Ong Doi cape - Dam Ngoai island (55 ha; 0.52%), Mot Island and Vinh Dam (42 ha; 0.4% each), and Da Chong cape (12 ha; 0.12%). This decline is largely due to recent infrastructure development for community and tourism purposes, which has caused the degradation of seagrass beds.PublishedReferee
Samudra Report No.90, December 2023
No full textThe current edition, SAMUDRA Report No. 90, dated December 2023, features a range of articles from Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas, with a special focus on climate change. The editorial Comment that opens the current issue of SAMUDRA Report argues that adaptive social protection and effective fisheries management can be the best approach to move towards climate-resilient fisheries. The collapse of fish and crab stocks in Alaska, climate change shocks to Bangladesh’s fishing communities, traditional management in Indonesia’s focus on the Blue Economy, how some provinces in Vietnam are using gender to address climate change, selective fishing to protest Peru’s biodiversity, and Japan’s hoary tradition of fishing co-operatives – these are among the many topics covered in SAMUDRA Report No. 90. An article from Chile reports on how small-scale fishing communities are rallying against the new General Fisheries Law, while another from South Africa shows how the regulation of the country’s inland fisheries continues to remain stuck in apartheid practices. Apart from reports on workshops held on the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA) 2022, SAMUDRA Report No. 90 features an interview with a fisher leader from Senegal, the reflections of a 15-year-old girl from Ireland on attending her first fisheries conference, a book review of essays on the human experiences of small-scale fisheries, and obituary notices on Clotilde de Jamblinne, honorary chair of the Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements (CFFA). The back-of-the-book Roundup section leads with a story on how COP28 concluded with a historic agreement to try to tackle the climate crisis, and follows up with an excerpt of the outcome of the first global stocktake on climate change. The Infolog section lists new resources available at ICSF (publications, infograpḥics, films) as well as announcements of upcoming fisheries-related meetings and website links.PublishedReferee
Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) - Evaluation of Joint Recommendations on the landing obligation and on Technical Measures Regulation (STECF-23-04 & 23-06)
No full textCommission Decision of 25 February 2016 setting up a Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries, C(2016) 1084, OJ C 74, 26.2.2016, p. 4–10. The Commission may consult the group on any matter relating to marine and fisheries biology, fishing gear technology, fisheries economics, fisheries governance, ecosystem effects of fisheries, aquaculture or similar disciplines. This report contains a review of Joint Recommendations submitted by Member States Regional Groups for the implementation of the Landing Obligation in 2024 and beyond.European CommissionPublishedReferee
Building Coastal Resilience in Europe
No full textEuropean coasts face multiple, interacting and cumulative pressures including those resulting from increasing greenhouse gas emissions (e.g. sea-level rise, Ocean warming, Ocean acidification, extreme events) and localised activities such as fishing, aquaculture, waste disposal and coastal urbanisation. These create a unique set of context-specific issues that need to be addressed holistically using a systems approach, considering the dynamics between both coastal societies and ecosystems as part of interconnected social-ecological systems. EMB Position Paper No. 27 ‘Building Coastal Resilience in Europe’ presents key policy and scientific recommendations on how to build coastal resilience and enhance capacity to cope with impacts from climate change and other coastal pressures.PublishedReferee
Результаты исследований азовских популяций осетровых рыб при осуществлении мониторинга промысла ставными орудиями лова у Кубанского побережья
No full textAfter depletion of the Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833 and stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771 stocks at the end of the 20th century, their abundance in the Azov and Black Sea Basin has been maintained through the release of the juveniles obtained by the means of artificial reproduction. Resulting from the strengthening protection of the aquatic living resources and gradually increasing number of the released juveniles, since 2014, as evidenced by the research studies, an increase in the population abundance of these fish species and their biomass is observed in the Azov Sea (from 42 t in 2015 to 998 t in 2022). Unstable state of the sturgeon populations in the coastal waters of the Azov Sea predicated the relevance of this work. Its aim was to investigate the distribution and age–length composition of the populations of the sturgeon fish species in the coastal waters of the Azov Sea. This study was based on the data on age–length composition collected over the course of the investigation of sturgeon by-catches in stationary pound nets in the coastal waters of the Azov Sea within an administrative unit Primorsko-Akhtarsky District (Yasensk and Achuevo Spits). According to its results, out of all sturgeon species, in the autumn season, the stellate sturgeon prevailed—53 %; the share of Russian sturgeon was 43 %, and for beluga sturgeon, it was 4 %. In summer, the Russian sturgeon share in the catches was 79 %, and for stellate sturgeon, it was 21 %. There have also been recorded some differences of the Russian sturgeon and stellate sturgeon length composition between the early spring and middle autumn, which can result from the fact that the sturgeon individual of greater length leave their wintering sites in the Azov Sea open waters earlier and sooner enter the coastal waters in spring. Conclusions. This study makes it possible to improve the assessment of the stock status and distribution for the sturgeon fish species in the Azov Sea.После истощения запасов осетра русского Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833 и севрюги Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771 в конце XX века их численность в Азово-Черноморском бассейне поддерживалась благодаря выпуску в водоемы молоди, полученной в результате искусственного воспроизводства. В связи с усилением охраны водных биоресурсов и постепенным увеличением количества выпускаемой молоди с 2014 г. по данным научно-исследовательских работ наблюдается повышение численности популяций данных видов и их биомассы в Азовском море (с 42 т в 2015 г. до 998 т в 2022 г.). Нестабильное состояние популяций осетровых рыб в прибрежной части Азовского моря обусловило актуальность данной работы. Целью исследования являлось изучение распределения и размерно-возрастной структуры популяций осетровых рыб в прибрежной зоне Азовского моря. В основу исследований легли данные по размерно-массовой структуре уловов, полученные в ходе мониторинга приловов осетровых рыб в ставные невода в прибрежной части Азовского моря в границах муниципального образования Приморско-Ахтарский район (Ясенская и Ачуевская косы). Согласно результатам исследований, в осенний период среди всех видов преобладала севрюга — 53 %; осетр русский составил 43 %, белуга — 4 %. Весной доля русского осетра в уловах составила 79 %, севрюги — 21 %. Также были отмечены различия размерного состава осетра и севрюги в начале весны и середине осени, которые могли быть обусловлены тем, что более крупные особи осетровых рыб раньше покидают районы зимовки в открытой части Азовского моряи раньше появляются в прибрежной зоне весной. Данные исследования позволяют более корректно оценить распределение и состояние запасов осетровых рыб в Азовском море.PublishedReferee
Натуральные консервы из жирных видов рыб дальневосточных морей как продукция здорового питания.
No full textИзучены показатели качества липидов натуральных консервов из сардины иваси, скумбрии дальневосточной, сайры и сельди тихоокеанской. Результаты определения взаимосвязи между отдельными жирными кислотами и расчета пищевых индексов качества липидов показало, что натуральные рыбные консервы из жирных видов рыб дальневосточных морей способны проявлять антиатерогенный и антитромбогенный эффекты, нормализовать холестериновый обмен в организме человека и снижать скорость тромбообразования в кровеносных сосудах. Наиболее выраженными диетическими свойствами обладают консервы из сардины иваси и скумбрии дальневосточной. Рыбные консервы рекомендованы как специализированные продукты для диетического профилактического и лечебного питанияPublishedNot Know
Применение "электронного носа" для оценки легколетучих соединений полуфабрикатов мелкой рыбы
No full textThe production of canned food is one of the dynamically developing segments of the fishing industry. An instrumental assessment of the composition of highly volatile fractions (aromas) of smoked semi-finished capelin products sent for the production of canned food has been carried out using a MAG 8 odor analyzer in the equilibrium gas phase above the samples. To reliably establish differences in the composition of highly volatile compounds, the method of preliminary concentration of components in a sampler has been used. After saturation of the free space above the sample, the signals increased from 2.5 to 3 times when the sensors were loaded with the equilibrium gas phase. However, no fundamental differences in the nature of the influence of different methods of processing semi-finished capelin products have been established. Under native (natural) conditions for the formation of the odor of capelin samples and their preliminary concentration in the equilibrium gas phase, the qualitative and quantitative compositions of the odor differ, but the tendency remains for a higher content of compounds in the sample treated with smoke gel compared to frozen capelin and the sample treated with a smoke-air mixture. For saturated vapors, it has been established that according to 3 parameters (contributions to the sorption of sensors 1, 3, 8), samples treated with a smoke-air mixture and smoke gel have a similar composition (unlike frozen capelin). Sensors 5, 6 and 7 do not distinguish the smell of all samples, i.e. they react to volatile compounds of capelin. Sensor 4 reflects the proximity of the moisture indicators of frozen capelin and capelin treated with smoking gel. As a result of the correlation analysis, the correspondence of the obtained chemical samples has been established, including a greater influence on the composition of highly volatile fractions (aroma) when using a smoke-air mixture compared to using a smoking gel.Производство консервов является одним из динамично развивающихся сегментов рыбной отрасли. Инструментальная оценка состава легколетучих фракций (ароматов) копченых полуфабрикатов мойвы, направляемых на производство консервов, проводилась с применением анализатора запахов МАГ-8 в равновесной газовой фазе над образцами. Для надежного установления различий в составе легколетучих соединений применен метод предварительного концентрирования компонентов в пробоотборнике. После насыщения свободного пространства над пробой сигналы при нагрузке сенсоров равновесной газовой фазой возрастали от 2,5 до 3 раз. Однако принципиальных отличий в характере влияния разных способов обработки полуфабрикатов мойвы не установлено. При нативных (естественных) условиях формирования запаха проб мойвы и предварительном концентрировании их в равновесной газовой фазе качественный и количественный составы запаха различаются, но сохраняется тенденция большего содержания соединений в образце, обработанном коптильным гелем, по сравнению с мороженой мойвой и образцом, обработанным дымовоздушной смесью. Для насыщенных паров установлено, что по 3 параметрам (вкладам в сорбцию сенсоров 1, 3, 8) пробы, обработанные дымовоздушной смесью и коптильным гелем, обладают сходным составом (в отличие от мороженой мойвы). Сенсоры 5, 6 и 7 не различают запах всех проб, т. е. реагируют на летучие соединения мойвы. Сенсор 4 отражает близость показателей влажности мороженой мойвы и мойвы, обработанной коптильным гелем. В результате корреляционного анализа установлены соответствия полученных химических проб, в том числе большее влияние на состав легколетучих фракций (аромата) при использовании дымовоздушной смеси по сравнению с применением коптильного геля.PublishedReferee
Analysis of wave climate and energy potential of intermediate waters in the marine sphere of influence of the main ports of the Colombian Caribbean
No full textEste trabajo presenta un estudio del clima de oleaje para el mar Caribe colombiano, entre las coordenadas 8° N y 16° N de latitud y 84° W y 70° W de longitud, y su potencial energético en los puntos de aguas intermedias en el área de influencia marítima en los principales puertos del Caribe colombiano, que sirven de insumo a los intereses marítimos del país. Se realizó con base en análisis de simulaciones de propagación de oleaje de un período de 30 años elaborado en el Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Caribe, utilizando el modelo Simulating Wave Nearshore, forzado con los vientos del Reanálisis Regional de América del Norte de 1979 a 2010, y validado con información de boyas direccionales de la Dirección General Marítima y de la Administración Nacional Oceanográfica y Atmosférica en el mar Caribe. Los resultados muestran cuatro regiones del Caribe colombiano con características similares de altura, período y dirección de ola. La primera es la región insular de San Andrés y Providencia; la segunda, una región sur entre Urabá y Cartagena; una tercera es la región central, entre Barranquilla y Santa Marta; la cuarta corresponde a la parte norte, entre Riohacha y Puerto Bolívar. Los valores más altos de altura de ola se observan en Barranquilla y Santa Marta y los más bajos en Urabá. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la capacidad de energía renovable obtenida por medio del oleaje a partir del espectro de energía potencial para boyas virtuales en los principales puertos. Se encontró que la energía se concentra entre 4 s a 6 s de periodo, y entre 0.5 m y 3 m en alturas de ola, para las boyas de Barranquilla, Santa Marta, Puerto Bolívar y Providencia; siendo Barranquilla el sitio de mayor potencial que se encuentra entre 7 s y 4 m, seguida de Santa Marta entre 6 s y 3.8 m. El potencial energético promedio anual presenta valores altos entre diciembre y marzo; medios, entre junio y agosto; valores bajos, en mayo, y entre septiembre y noviembre, correspondientes a las épocas seca y húmeda. Las condiciones del oleaje encontradas superan el umbral necesario para generar energía con un sistema de energía alternativa tipo Wave Energy Converter, con potenciales de rendimiento aceptables que podrían multiplicarse mediante la instalación de parques energéticos.This paper presents a study of the wave climate of the Colombian Caribbean Sea, between coordinates 8° N and 16° N latitude and 84° W and 70° W longitude, and the energy potential at intermediate water points within the area of the Colombian Caribbean, which serve as inputs for the country's maritime interests. It was carried out based on the analysis of wave propagation simulations for 30 years developed at the Center for Oceanographic and Hydrographic Research of the Caribbean (CIOH), using the SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore) model, forced with the winds of the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) from 1979 to 2010 and validated with directional buoy data from the Colombian General Maritime Directorate (Dimar) and the United States National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in the Caribbean. The results show four regions of similar wave height, period, and directional characteristics in the Colombian Caribbean. The first is the region around the islands of San Andrés and Providencia, and the second is a southern region between Urabá and Cartagena. A third comprises the central region around Barranquilla and Santa Marta, and the fourth, between Riohacha and Puerto Bolivar, occupies the northern part. The highest wave height values are observed for Barranquilla and Santa Marta, while the lowest are at Urabá. Furthermore, we evaluated the renewable wave energy capacity by studying the potential energy spectrum for virtual buoys in the primary ports. We observed that the energy was concentrated between 4 s and 6 s, with wave heights ranging from 0.5 m to 3 m for buoys in Barranquilla, Santa Marta, Puerto Bolivar, and Providencia. Amongst these, Barranquilla displayed the highest potential, with a period of 7 s and a wave height of 4m, followed by Santa Marta with values of 6 s and 3.8 m. The annual pattern of average energy potential revealed high values between December and March, medium values from June to August, and low values in May and between September and November; demonstrating that there is greater energy in the dry seasons and lower energy in the wet seasons. The wave conditions detected surpass the necessary threshold for energy generation via a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) alternative energy system, offering highly promising yield potentials, which could be magnified through the use of energy parksPublishedNot Know
Situação atual e projecções futuras da pesca de peixes multiespecíficos na região sudeste de Cuba.
No full textLas pesquerías multiespecíficas de peces en Cuba incluyen alrededor de 150 especies, diferentes artes de pesca que se utilizan simultáneamente y un número elevado de puertos de desembarques, lo que dificulta el monitoreo y la evaluación de estos recursos, por lo cual el manejo ha sido limitado. Por ello nos propusimos evaluar el estado actual, así como las compensaciones futuras en biomasa, captura y ganancias de las especies más vulnerables bajo diferentes estrategias de manejo. Mediante el método Catch-MSY se estimó el estado actual, y un modelo bioeconómico se empleó para realizar las proyecciones a largo plazo de las salidas. Los stocks estudiados se encuentran agotados, y la mayoría con valores que implican un alto riesgo para la sustentabilidad de sus poblaciones. Además, la mayoría están sobreexplotados y sufren pesca ilegal. Sin embargo, a largo plazo bajo estrategias de manejo sustentable, muestran oportunidades de recuperación y de tener pesquerías económicamente rentables siempre que se elimine la pesca ilegal y se apliquen incentivos económicos.Multispecies fish fisheries in Cuba include about 150 species, different fishing gears used simultaneously and a large number of landing ports, which makes monitoring and assessment of these resources difficult, and management has been limited. We therefore set out to evaluate the current status, as well as future trade-offs in biomass, catch and earnings of the most vulnerable species under different management strategies. The Catch-MSY method was used to estimate the current status, and a bioeconomic model was used to make long-term projections of the outputs. The stocks studied are depleted, and most of them have values that imply a high risk for the sustainability of their populations. In addition, most are overexploited and suffering illegal fishing. However, in the long term, under sustainable management strategies, they show opportunities for recovery and economically profitable fisheries, provided that illegal fishing is eliminated and economic incentives are applied.PublishedReferee
Influence of attractant feeds on the endoparasitic fauna of Brycon falcatus (Characidae: Bryconinae) from the rio Teles Pires, southern Amazonia.
No full textStudies on endoparasitic fauna provide valuable biological information, such as migration habits, population breakdown and host feeding habits. Several species of endoparasites are transmitted via trophic web and have complex life cycles with two or more hosts, which characterizes the trophic interactions between organisms. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of attractant feeds (soybeans, corn) on the diet and on the endoparasitic fauna of Brycon falcatus, collected in the Amazon basin. The specimens were collected using a line hook, fishing rod and gill nets. Then the fish were euthanized and the stomach and intestines of each specimen were analyzed fresh. Two species of nematodes were identified, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and Philonema sp.. The diet of B. falcatus was composed of aquatic and terrestrial insects and attractant feeds, which are composed of soybeans and corn, being considered as an item of anthropic origin, which characterized it as an omnivore with a tendency to herbivory. The aquatic insects found in the diet of B. falcatus may possibly act as intermediate hosts for P. (S.) inopinatus and Philonema sp.. Among the endoparasites, it was observed that P. (S.) inopinatus presented greater abundance, intensity and prevalence parasitic compared to Philonema sp.. It was found that non-parasitized individuals had a higher condition factor than parasitized individuals. There was a significant difference in the condition factor between individuals who had the presence or absence of attractant feeds in the digestive tract. Consequently, B. falcatus was influenced by anthropic items on Kn, as specimens that did not consume this food item had a higher Kn compared to fish that ate attractant feeds. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to verify that the diet of B. falcatus had a greater representation of natural food items, such as stems and barks, Coleoptera and Ephemeroptera. However, there was an impact of attractant feeds ingestion on the relative condition factor of the specimens, requiring greater inspection to avoid this anthropic action that can negatively affect the environmental and the local fauna.Estudos sobre a fauna endoparasitária fornecem informações biológicas valiosas, como hábitos de migração, desagregação de população e os principais itens alimentares do hospedeiro. Várias espécies de endoparasitos são transmitidas via teia trófica e apresentam ciclos de vida complexos tendo dois ou mais hospedeiros, o que caracteriza as interações tróficas entre organismos. Avaliou-se o impacto da “ceva” na dieta e na fauna endoparasitária de Brycon falcatus, coletados na bacia amazônica. Os espécimes foram coletados utilizando anzol de linha, vara de pesca e redes de emalhar. Em seguida, os peixes foram eutanaziados e o estômago e intestino de cada espécime foi triado à fresco. Foram identificadas duas espécies de nematóides, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus e Philonema sp.. A dieta de B. falcatus foi composta por insetos aquáticos, terrestres e “ceva”, a qual é composta por soja e milho, sendo considerada um item de origem antrópica, o que o caracterizou como onívoro com tendência à herbivoria. Os insetos aquáticos encontrados na dieta de B. falcatus foram considerados possíveis hospedeiros intermediários de P. (S.) inopinatus e Philonema sp.. Dentre os endoparasitos, observou-se que P. (S.) inopinatus apresentou maior abundância, intensidade e prevalência parasitária em comparação com Philonema sp.. Constatou-se que os indivíduos não parasitados apresentaram maior fator de condição do que os indivíduos parasitados. Houve diferença significativa no fator de condição entre indivíduos que apresentavam a presença ou ausência de “ceva” no trato digestório. Consequentemente, B. falcatus sofreu influência de itens antrópicos no Kn, pois exemplares que não consumiram este item alimentar apresentaram um Kn maior em comparação com os peixes que ingeriram “ceva”. Mediante os resultados obtidos verificou-se que a dieta de B. falcatus teve maior representatividade de itens alimentares naturais, como talos e cascas, Coleoptera e Ephemeroptera. Entretanto, houve o impacto da ingestão de “ceva” no fator de condição relativo dos espécimes, necessitando de maior fiscalização para evitar esta ação antrópica que pode afetar negativamente o ambiente e a fauna local.Master