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Introduction to the Workshop "Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)"
No full textIn the first part of the introductory video (1/6), Prof. Dr. Andree Kirchner (@ISRIM) and Prof. Dr. Lorenzo Schiano di Pepe (@Uni.Genova) are giving some background information about the workshop "Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)". In the second part of the introductory video, Prof. Dr. Marco Giovine (Centro del Mare, @Uni.Genova) explains the importance of the topic from the perspective of the Centre of the Sea at the University of Genoa. The presentations are part of the workshop "Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)", which took place in the framework of the 9th Summer School on the European Union and the Law of the Sea (EULoS). It was organized by the Institute for the Law of the Sea and International Marine Environmental Law (ISRIM) and the University of Genoa on 1 September 2023. The workshop is an UN Ocean Decade Activity.Challenge 2: Protect and restore ecosystems and biodiversity; Challenge 10: Change humanity's relationship with the oceanPublishedReferee
Воздействие фунгицида «Каюнис, КЭ» на различные звенья трофической цепи в модельном эксперименте
No full textCurrently, there is an ongoing process of development of the next-generation pesticides, which use for the purposes of agriculture has negative implications for the environment. Their hazard potential is attributable to two factors: high biological activity and their application method involving their dispersion in the environment. It necessitates the investigation of the effect of pesticides on aquatic organisms, which includes changes in their habitat, disruptions of their vital functions, especially at the early stages of their ontogeny, accumulation in their tissues, and movement along the trophic chain. Toxicological assessment of the fungicide Cayunis, EC effect has been conducted on the aquatic organisms of various taxonomic groups: microalgae (Scenedesmus guadricauda (Turpin) Brébisson, 1835), macrophytes (Elodea canadensis Michaux, 1803), molluscs (Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758)), embryos and fry of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)). Over the course of the experiment, the conditions for intoxication were identified, and the toxicometric characteristics of the aquatic organisms belonging to various trophic levels were estimated. Using an experimental approach, the threshold and no observed effect concentrations of the preparative form of Cayunis, EC pesticide have been identified for each test subject. This study made it possible to compare the sensitivity of each investigated test subject to the fungicide. Among the studied test subjects, round goby fry has proved to be the most sensitive to the effect of Cayunis, EC fungicide.В настоящее время создаются пестициды новых поколений. Применение их в сельском хозяйстве неизбежно связано с негативными экологическими последствиями. Опасность пестицидов обусловлена двумя обстоятельствами: высокой биологической активностью и технологией применения, приводящей к их рассеиванию в окружающей среде. Важным аспектом является изучение их воздействия на гидробионтов. Применение пестицидов приводит к изменению привычной среды обитания и нарушению жизнедеятельности водных организмов, особенно на ранних стадиях онтогенеза, их накоплению в гидробионтах и передаче по трофической цепи. Токсикологическая оценка воздействия фунгицида «Каюнис, КЭ» проводилась на гидробионтах разных систематических групп: микроводоросли (Scenedesmus guadricauda (Turpin) Brébisson, 1835), макрофиты (Elodea canadensis Michaux, 1803), моллюски (Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758)), эмбрионы и мальки бычка-кругляка (Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814)). В ходе эксперимента подбирались условия интоксикации и рассчитывались токсикометрические показатели для гидробионтов различных трофических уровней. Для каждого тест-объекта экспериментальным путем устанавливались пороговые и недействующие концентрации препаративной формы «Каюнис, КЭ». Исследования позволили сравнить чувствительность к фунгициду изученных тест-объектов. Из изученных нами тест-объектов мальки бычка-кругляка оказались наиболее чувствительными к воздействию фунгицида «Каюнис, КЭ».PublishedReferee
Оценка состояния промысловых беспозвоночных залива Сиваш и среды их обитания по результатам мониторинга 2021–2022 гг.
No full textThe Western Syvash ecosystem has been investigated in the context of natural factors and anthropogenic pressure. The source empirical data have been collected during the field investigations of the Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”) conducted in the spring, summer and autumn seasons of 2021–2022. At present, the fisheries value of the investigated area stems from the presence of commercially valuable invertebrates. The hydrological and hydrochemical conditions have been described, and qualitative and quantitative parameters of the Pontogammarus, chironomids, Artemia and Artemia at the cyst stage have been evaluated. During the survey period, a considerable variation of the salinity values from the Northern Syvash to the Southern Syvash was observed, which is in line with the data for the previous years. The least favorable environmental conditions have developed in the area near Urozhaynoe Settlement, which mainly results from the influence of the natural factors (poor water circulation, shallow depths, irregular coastline, extensive algal bloom, and algal decay). This area was characterized by extremely low values of dissolved oxygen and high content of ammonium salts, as well as increased values of other hydrochemical parameters. Deterioration of the aquatic environment in this area has led to the decreased values of the Artemia quantitative parameters and high rates of cyst production. General changes in the stocks of the exploitable aquatic bioresources in this area can be attributed to the variations in salinity, wind-driven effects, wind direction, and the reduction of their favorable habitat.Исследована экосистема восточного участка Сиваша в условиях природных и антропогенных воздействий. В качестве исходных эмпирических данных использованы материалы экспедиций Азово-Черноморского филиала ФГБНУ «ВНИРО» («АзНИИРХ»), выполненных в весенний, летний и осенний сезоны 2021–2022 гг. В современный период рыбохозяйственная ценность рассматриваемой акватории заключается в нахождении здесь промысловых беспозвоночных. Отмечены особенности гидролого-гидрохимических условий, а также качественных и количественных показателей понтогаммаруса, хирономид, артемии и артемии на стадии цист. Отмечено, что в период исследований в заливе Сиваш наблюдалась, как и в предыдущие годы, значительная вариабельность показателей солености от северной акватории залива до южной. Наименее комфортные условия среды обитания складывались на участке акватории в районе пос. Урожайное, что, в первую очередь, связано с природными факторами (слабый водообмен, малые глубины, изрезанность береговой линии, массовое цветение и гниение водорослей). На данном участке отмечались крайне низкие показатели растворенного кислорода, экстремально высокое содержание аммония солевого, повышенные концентрации остальных гидрохимических показателей. Снижение качества среды обитания в данном районе привело к уменьшению количественных показателей артемии и массовой откладке цист. Изменение запасов промысловых биоресурсов в целом по акватории наблюдается из-за колебания уровня солености в заливе, сгонно- нагонных явлений, направления ветра, уменьшения комфортной зоны для их жизнедеятельности.PublishedNon Referee
User perception of coastal risks. A practical case study on the beaches of Mayapo (Colombian Caribbean)
No full textLas playas turísticas son ecosistemas sensibles y complejos que constantemente están sometidas a presiones derivadas de las actividades antrópicas. La presencia de fenómenos naturales incrementa los riesgos costeros. La presente investigación fue de tipo documental y descriptiva. El objeto del estudio se enfocó en valorar la percepción que tienen los usuarios sobre los riesgos costeros existentes en las playas de Mayapo, departamento de La Guajira. Entre los resultados se encontró que la amenaza más frecuente en la zona de playa procede de las inundaciones que se presentan en las temporadas de lluvias, caracterizadas por fuertes vientos y olas de gran tamaño. Se concluye que actualmente la zona de playa presenta amenazas de inundación que generan reducción de la franja costera y daños sobre la infraestructura presente, afectando la sostenibilidad ambiental, económica y sociocultural del territorio costero.Tourist beaches are sensitive and complex ecosystems that are constantly subjected to pressures derived from anthropic activities. The presence of natural phenomena increases coastal risks. The research was documentary and descriptive. The object of the study focused on assessing the perception that users have about the existing coastal risks on the beaches of Mayapo, in the department of La Guajira, Colombia. Among the results, it was found that the most frequent threat to the area of the beach comes from floods that occur in the rainy seasons, characterized by strong winds and large waves. It is concluded that the beach area currently suffers flood threats that lead to a reduction in the size of the coastal strip and damage to the present infrastructure, affecting the environmental, economic and sociocultural sustainability of the coastal territory.PublishedNot Know
Estruturas dormentes da microfauna aquática: aspectos ecológicos e perspectivas sobre diferentes cenários climáticos de temperatura.
No full textDormancy is a biological process that allows communities to survive in adverse environmental conditions. The production of dormant structures is one of the main strategies performed by aquatic microfauna (ciliates, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods and ostracods). This study aimed to evaluate the dormant structures of aquatic microfauna, addressing different ecological aspects such as hatching time, dispersal, fungal influence and viability of the structures at different temperatures. The hatching experiments were performed with sediment and aquatic macrophytes of lakes from the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. The results evidenced that ostracod resting eggs have similar hatching times among taxonomically close species and that the functional traits of the species (e.g. body size and presence of spines) influence the hatching time. In addition, dried roots of the free floating macrophyte (Eichhornia crassipes) shelter and disperse ostracod resting eggs. While, for all dormant aquatic microfauna a positive effect was observed between the presence of fungi in the sediment and species richness of the dormant communities, which did not negatively influence the viability of the dormant structures. The results also showed that the increase in temperature reduced significantly the species richness of the dormant microfauna and led to homogenisation of the egg bank. Based on the results, we highlight the importance of dormant structures in the recolonisation of environments and the high potential for dispersal by biotic vectors (plants), however this is also a warning for the invasion process. In addition, climate change responsible for temperature increase is a threat to the dormant structures of aquatic microfauna, thus it necessary to create mitigation measures for the conservation of the egg bank.A dormência é um processo biológico que permite que as comunidades sobrevivam em condições ambientais adversas. A produção de estruturas dormentes é uma das principais estratégias realizada pela microfauna aquática (ciliados, rotíferos, cladóceros, copépodes e ostrácodes). Avaliou-se as estruturas de dormência da microfauna aquática, abordando diferentes aspectos ecológicos como o tempo de eclosão, dispersão, influência de fungos e a viabilidade das estruturas em diferentes temperaturas. Experimentos de eclosão foram realizados com sedimentos e macrófitas aquáticas de lagoas da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Os resultados evidenciaram que os ovos resistência de ostrácodes possuem o tempo de eclosão semelhante entre espécies taxonomicamente próximas e que os traços funcionais das espécies (por exemplo: tamanho do corpo e presença de espinhos) influenciam no tempo de eclosão. Constatou-se que as raízes secas da macrófita flutuante livre (Eichhornia crassipes) abrigam e dispersam ovos de resistência de ostrácodes. Enquanto, para toda a microfauna aquática dormente observou-se uma relação positiva entre a presença de fungos no sedimento e riqueza de espécies da comunidade dormente, o que não influenciou negativamente a viabilidade das estruturas dormentes. O aumento da temperatura reduziu significativamente a riqueza de espécies da microfauna dormente e levou a homogeneização do banco de ovos. Mediante aos resultados, ressalta-se a importância destas estruturas dormentes na recolonização dos ambientes e o alto potencial de dispersão por vetores bióticos (plantas), entretanto também é um alerta para o processo de invasão. As mudanças climáticas responsáveis pelo aumento da temperatura são uma ameaça para as estruturas dormentes da microfauna aquática, e desse modo, é necessário criar medidas para a conservação do banco de ovos.Ph
Особенности рыбоводного освоения белуги из ремонтно-маточного стада Донского осетрового завода
No full textThe study conducted in 2022 has identified a lack of consistency in the results of the beluga artificial reproduction at the Don Sturgeon Hatchery (DSH). To obtain eggs, mostly the females born in 2001–2004 were used, out of which 31 females at age 18 reached their first maturity and one female at age 21 was a repeat spawner. The majority of first-spawning females produced eggs of low quality. During incubation, there was a substantial loss of fertilized eggs, and various anomalies of embryonic development were observed, which necessitated termination of the incubation of such eggs. The yield of one-day larvae from the eggs obtained from the first-spawning females and set for incubation was low, around 12 %. One of the reasons for the increased mortality rates and development anomalies in the larvae was low quality of the oocytes in the first-spawning individuals. A second-spawning female has shown satisfactory results; the fertilization rate was in line with the standard values, and no more than 17 % of the eggs manifested embryonic anomalies during their incubation. The yield of one-day larvae was 53.3 %. In total, 799 thousand one-day beluga larvae were obtained. The analysis of the cultivation practices at the Don Sturgeon Hatchery made it possible to identify the bottleneck points and critical junctures at some stages of the biotechnological process, as well as to give recommendations on improvement of the hatchery operation. An important prerequisite for obtaining good results is the physiological adequacy of beluga females, which is based, for the most part, on the living environment and feeding quality of the breeders and their replacement in the broodstock.Проведенные в 2022 г. исследования выявили нестабильность результатов искусственного воспроизводства белуги на Донском осетровом заводе (ДОЗ). Для получения икры были использованы самки 2001–2004 гг. рождения; из них 31 самка возрастом 18 лет впервые достигла половой зрелости и одна самка в возрасте 21 года созрела повторно. От большей части впервые нерестующих самок была получена икра низкого рыбоводного качества. В ходе инкубации отмечался отход оплодотворенной икры, развивались различные нарушения эмбрионального развития, в результате такая икра была снята с инкубации. Выход однодневных личинок от заложенной на инкубацию икры, полученной от впервые нерестующих самок, был низким и составлял около 12 %. Одной из причин увеличения смертности и аномалий в развитии личинок является низкое качество ооцитов самок первого нереста. От самки второго нереста были получены удовлетворительные результаты; оплодотворяемость икры соответствовала нормативным значениям, а в ходе инкубации икры было выявлено не более 17 % нарушений эмбрионального развития. Выход однодневных личинок составлял 53,3 %. Всего было получено 799 тыс. шт. однодневных личинок белуги. Анализ деятельности ДОЗ по работе с белугой позволил выявить критические моменты на некоторых этапах биотехнологического процесса и дать рекомендации по улучшению деятельности предприятия. Важным условием для получения хороших результатов является формирование физиологической полноценности самок белуги, что обусловлено, в первую очередь, условиями содержания и качеством кормления производителей и ремонта продукционного стада.PublishedReferee
Eroding coastal sandy barriers under changing aeolian flux in the Gulf of Tunis (Tunisia).
No full textSandy barriers are coastal features formed and reworked by terrestrial and marine-induced processes along decadal to millenary scale periods. In the semi-arid areas along the extended North African coast, these coastal landscapes are undergoing accelerated morphodynamical changes induced by intensifying anthropogenic and climate drivers in the last century. To quantify the latter, we assess the changes in sediment dynamics of the Ghar El Melh sandy barrier extended over the northern part of the Gulf of Tunis in Tunisia using sedimentological analysis and quantification of the aeolian flux. A total of 37 subsurface samples and 30 surface aeolian trapped ones were collected at the coastal dunes of Ghar El Melh. Our sedimentological analysis reveals a distribution of 97% of sandy sediments and 3% of silty facies. The modal statistical analysis suggests that there are three distinguishable sediment types with 87% of samples formed by fine sands with modal value of 0.16 mm. The mixture of these indicates mixed terrigenous and marine sources redistributed by the hydrodynamic processes. The measurement of the aeolian flow suggests a maximum value of 0.0022 kg.m.-1min-1 which occurs in dust storms. This study reveals the low detrital sand supplies to the lagoon-sea barrier of Ghar El Melh, results in its gradual submersion, further exposing the coastal lagoon and engendering severe ecological degradations.PublishedReferee
First record of Alopias superciliosus Lowe,1841 (Elasmobranchii: Alopiidae) in Tunisian water
No full textOn July 2021, one specimens of Alopias superciliosus Lowe,1841 was captured as bycatch in Kelibia (Tunisia) at the following coordinate 36°30’740” N; 11°48’451” E, by a trawler at 400 m depth. It was a mature male of 350 cm total length and 159 kg in eviscerated weight. This represents the first record of the bigeye thresher shark in the area.PublishedReferee
New record of marine crustaceans from the Cojimar beach, Eastern Havana, Cuba
No full textLos invertebrados marinos de la playa de Cojímar se comenzaron a estudiar desde mediados del siglo pasado, cuyos resultados se dieron a conocer mediante una lista taxonómica que cita, entre los crustáceos peracáridos, 16 anfípodos, 12 isópodos, tres mísidos, un cumáceo y tres tanaidáceos (Ortiz, 2001). Después aparecieron esporádicamente otros registros o especies nuevas. Entre 2019-2021, se recolectó y estudió nuevo material del grupo, dando como resultado los nuevos registros para Cuba de los cumáceos Mancocuma altera y Spilocuma watlingi, y los nuevos registros para Cojímar de los anfípodos Bemlos foresti y Nototropis minikoi, el cumáceo Vaunthompsonia floridana y el mísido Parvimysis bahamensis. De B. foresti en particular, se describen por primera vez sus piezas bucales. Finalmente, se cita una muda de Upogebia, decápodo nunca antes citado para la localidad.The marine invertebrates of Cojímar beach began to be studied in the middle of the last century, whose results are disclosed through a taxonomic list that cites among the peracarid crustaceans, 16 amphipods, 12 isopods, three mysids, one cumacean and three tanaidaceans. Later, other records or new species appeared sporadically. In recent collections, between 2019-2021, carried out in said locality, new material from the group was collected and studied, resulting in the new cumacean records for Cuba of Mancocuma altera and Spilocuma watlingi, and the new records for Cojímar of the amphipods Bemlos foresti and Nototropis minikoi, the cumacean Vaunthompsonia floridana and the mysid Parvimysis bahamensis. Of B. foresti in particular, its mouthparts are described for the first time. Finally, a molt of Upogebia, a decapod never before mentioned for the locality, is cited.PublishedReferee
Oceanographic cruises wuthin a spatial data infrastructure. Colombia case study
No full textLos cruceros oceanográficos y, en general, las expediciones científicas en el mar, constituyen un importante aporte a la memoria histórica de los inicios y evolución de la investigación científica marina; y en el marco del Decenio de las Ciencias Oceánicas, el acceso a los datos recopilados durante décadas apoya el desarrollo sostenible del océano. Por esta razón, desde el Centro Colombiano de Datos Oceanográficos se llevó a cabo un proceso de arqueología y recuperación de datos e información de los cruceros oceanográficos realizados en el Pacífico y Caribe colombianos desde 1969 hasta el 2020. Posteriormente, se estructuró la información en la base de datos geográfica denominada Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales Marítima, Fluvial y Costera de Colombia. Además, se documentaron metadatos bajo un perfil del estándar ISO 19115 implementando buenas prácticas internacionales, y se desarrolló una aplicación software para facilitar la búsqueda de información geográfica y acceso abierto a las mediciones realizadas en sitio. Como resultado se dispuso la información de 130 cruceros oceanográficos (1969-2020), se recuperaron 96 informes técnicos de cruceros, se reconstruyeron 87 rutas de buques de investigación y se publicaron 130 metadatos, con la posibilidad de seguir alimentando el sistema con nuevos cruceros y expediciones científicas.Oceanographic cruises and scientific expeditions at sea in general, constitute an important contribution to the historical memory of the beginnings and evolution of marine scientific research, and within the framework of the Decade of Ocean Science, access to the data collected for decades support sustainable ocean development. For this reason, the Colombian Center for Oceanographic Data carried out a process of archeology and recovery of data and information from oceanographic cruises carried out in the Colombian Pacific and Caribbean from 1969 to 2020. Subsequently, the information was structured in a geographic database of the national Maritime, Fluvial and Coastal Spatial Data Infrastructure. In addition, metadata was documented under a proñle of the ISO 19115 standard, implementing good international practices, and a software application was developed to facilitate the search for geographic information and open access to measurements made on site. As a result, information from 130 oceanographic cruises (1969-2020) was avai/ab/e, 96 technical cruise reports were recovered, 87 track charts were reconstructed, and 130 metadata were published, with the possibility of continuing to feed the system with new cruises and scientific expeditions.PublishedNon Referee