IRIS Università degli Studi dell'Aquila
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CHARACTERIZATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ORAL BIOFILM VISUALIZATION: STATE OF THE ART
No full textAim: this review analyzes the morphological methods used to
identify microbial species, the adhesion mechanisms involved
in biofilm formation and stability, and the efficacy of microbicidal
agents against pathological biofilms.
Methods: a literature review was performed to examine the
main features of the oral ecosystem and the qualitative and
morphological techniques used for biofilm analysis.
Results: the oral microbiome is essential for oral and systemic
health. Biofilm is a structured microbial community
whose pathological shifts in microbial metabolism can damage
host surfaces. Microscopy remains the primary tool for
morphological biofilm analysis. Stereomicroscopy and Confocal
Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) allow detailed visualization
of structure, microbial distribution, and three-dimensional
architecture. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM)
enables high-resolution analysis of bacteria, the extracellular
matrix and adhesion mechanisms.
Advanced techniques like STEM, HR-TEM, and correlative
microscopy help evaluate antibacterial strategies by visualizing
biofilm disruption.
Conclusions: microscopy is crucial for understanding biofilm
morphology and improving targeted therapies. Further studies
are needed to investigate advanced techniques and microbiological
and pathological aspects of oral biofilm
La transcodifica di un classico. Giovanni Boccaccio dal Decameron Ipertestuale di M. Picone al Viaggio nel Testo Mibac fino alla Biblioteca Virtuale Univaq
No full textExploring the Anticancer Potential of the Multistrain Probiotic Formulation OxxySlab in Bladder Cancer Cell Lines
Get PDFLa valutazione formativa a scuola: evidenze sugli atteggiamenti didattici degli insegnanti. Verso un’educazione sostenibile?
No full textL’articolo riporta la sintesi di uno studio che ha indagato le pratiche valuta-tive di 293 docenti di tutti i gradi scolastici della Regione Abruzzo. Emer-gono significative correlazioni tra metodologie didattiche, personalizzazio-ne degli insegnamenti e pratiche valutative. I dati suggeriscono di alimen-tare una formazione su questi temi, al fine di promuovere una scuola sem-pre più inclusiva
Epidemiology of Pediatric Chronic Pain: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Get PDFPurpose of Review: Chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents represents a significant public health issue, affecting physical, psychological, and social well-being. Defined as pain persisting for over three months, this condition is influenced by developmental, socioeconomic, and cultural factors. However, its prevalence remains uncertain and debated. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible systematic reviews were critically appraised using the AMSTAR-2 tool to assess methodological quality. This overview synthesises evidence from existing systematic reviews to provide an updated understanding of the epidemiology and burden of paediatric non-cancer chronic pain. Recent Findings: Findings revealed substantial variability in the reported prevalence of specific pain types: headaches (4–83%), abdominal pain (4–53%), musculoskeletal pain (4–40%), and back/low-back pain (14–24%). Prevalence was generally lower in low- and middle-income countries, likely due to barriers in healthcare access. Methodological heterogeneity was observed across studies, and AMSTAR-2 assessment identified critical limitations in some systematic reviews, impacting the reliability of findings. Summary: This overview highlights the urgent need for standardised research methodologies to accurately monitor the prevalence of paediatric non-cancer chronic pain. Standardisation is essential for informing policies aimed at mitigating the long-term impact of chronic pain in children and adolescents. Addressing these issues, particularly in resource-limited settings, is crucial for improving health outcomes and reducing societal and economic burdens
Bidirectional Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Reproductive Disorders: Focus on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Get PDFBackground: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular ovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. The severity of periodontal inflammation in PCOS may be linked to elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, like interleukins (IL-6, IL-17), and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), found in both serum and saliva samples. This systematic review aims to assess the presence, nature, and variations in salivary inflammatory biomarkers in individuals with PCOS and their potential connection to periodontal disease (PD). Materials and Methods: Selected databases were PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The search strategy included the following terms: “oral inflammatory biomarkers”, “Salivary mediators,” “metabolic indicators,” “periodontal diseases,” “periodontitis,” “polycystic ovary syndrome,” “PCOS,” and “ovulatory dysfunction.” Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used. Results: Several salivary inflammatory biomarkers are present in women with PCOS, including cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), MMPs, and microbial diversity alterations. Additionally, the reviewed studies suggest a correlation between PCOS and PD, as patients with PCOS exhibit greater periodontal alterations compared to healthy women. The heightened periodontal response in PCOS appears to be associated with a systemic inflammatory state, probably increasing the susceptibility to PD. Conclusions: Salivary inflammatory biomarkers in PCOS patients are a useful diagnostic tool for evaluating the heightened risk of periodontal disease. Further research with stricter protocols is necessary to better define the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers for PCOS patients and determine their role in the early detection of periodontal disease
Anthropometric considerations between lower first molar, condyle ramus height and coronoid process
Get PDFThis study examines the relationships between the lower first molar, the condyle-ramus height, and the coronoid process of the mandible. It is based on the idea that craniofacial structures maintain consistent anatomical proportions, which could assist in orthodontic and prosthetic rehabilitation. The first molar is considered crucial to occlusion development, with its position possibly reflecting underlying skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods. A pilot clinical trial was carried out at the University of L’Aquila using CBCT scans from 27 adult patients. Measurements were taken at four points:-A: Top of the mandibular condyle-B: Mandibular angle-C: Buccal surface of the first lower molar-D: Coronoid process on the opposite side. Distances AB (condyle to angle), BC (angle to first molar), and CD (coronoid to molar) were calculated. Scans with asymmetries or artifacts were excluded to ensure consistency. Results. Patients were categorized by Angle’s classification:-**Class I (n=14)**: AB/BC average around 55.9 mm; CD approximately 84.7 mm-**Class II (n=7)**: AB/BC average about 55.2 mm; CD around 86.5 mm-**Class III (n=6)**: AB/BC average roughly 61.6 mm; CD approximately 90.6 mm In 85% of cases, point C (molar location) was found in the mesial half of the first molar. While AB and BC measurements correlated strongly (indicating a predictable molar location), no significant correlation was found between CD and the other distances. Discussion. The study confirms a consistent anthropometric relationship between the condyle, mandibular angle, and the lower first molar. This suggests that the position of the lower first molar is structurally determined and should guide orthodontic and prosthetic treatments. Therefore, clinicians should focus on maintaining or restoring this natural alignment in treatments, including implants or dentures. Conclusion. The position of the mandibular first molar demonstrates a consistent geometric relationship with skeletal landmarks. This anatomical constant should be utilized in clinical practice to improve long-term treatment outcomes in orthodontics and prosthodontics.This study examines the relationships between the lower first molar, the condyle-ramus height, and the coronoid process of the mandible. It is based on the idea that craniofacial structures maintain consistent anatomical proportions, which could assist in orthodontic and prosthetic rehabilitation. The first molar is considered crucial to occlusion development, with its position possibly reflecting underlying skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods. A pilot clinical trial was carried out at the University of L’Aquila using CBCT scans from 27 adult patients. Measurements were taken at four points:-A: Top of the mandibular condyle-B: Mandibular angle-C: Buccal surface of the first lower molar-D: Coronoid process on the opposite side. Distances AB (condyle to angle), BC (angle to first molar), and CD (coronoid to molar) were calculated. Scans with asymmetries or artifacts were excluded to ensure consistency. Results. Patients were categorized by Angle’s classification:-**Class I (n=14)**: AB/BC average around 55.9 mm; CD approximately 84.7 mm-**Class II (n=7)**: AB/BC average about 55.2 mm; CD around 86.5 mm-**Class III (n=6)**: AB/BC average roughly 61.6 mm; CD approximately 90.6 mm In 85% of cases, point C (molar location) was found in the mesial half of the first molar. While AB and BC measurements correlated strongly (indicating a predictable molar location), no significant correlation was found between CD and the other distances. Discussion. The study confirms a consistent anthropometric relationship between the condyle, mandibular angle, and the lower first molar. This suggests that the position of the lower first molar is structurally determined and should guide orthodontic and prosthetic treatments. Therefore, clinicians should focus on maintaining or restoring this natural alignment in treatments, including implants or dentures. Conclusion. The position of the mandibular first molar demonstrates a consistent geometric relationship with skeletal landmarks. This anatomical constant should be utilized in clinical practice to improve long-term treatment outcomes in orthodontics and prosthodontics
Reaching international consensus on the definition of refractory migraine using the Delphi method
Get PDFAimDespite its frequency in tertiary headache centers, the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) does not include refractory migraine. Multiple definitions have been proposed with a recent 2020 proposal for both refractory migraine and resistant migraine by the European Headache Federation (EHF). The aim is to reach an international consensus on the definition of refractory migraine.MethodsThis study is a Delphi consensus carried out by a group of international experts in headache medicine. Following a focus group, a panel of 20 experts and one facilitator reviewed the EHF proposed criteria to build upon their definitions. The Delphi consensus was conducted across five rounds. Questions with >70% consensus were deemed to have strong agreement, 60-70% consensus was deemed minor agreement, and <60% deemed no agreement. A final meeting was held to discuss any concerns and specific wording.ResultsThe Delphi consensus led to the development of four key categories: refractory migraine, probable refractory migraine, resistant migraine, and treatment-responsive migraine. Similar to the EHF 2020 definitions, refractory migraine requires treatment failure of all evidence-based classes, and resistant migraine requires failure of at least three classes. Probable refractory migraine criteria were designed to account for situations where treatment access barriers may prevent trials of certain medication classes (e.g. pediatrics, low to middle-income countries, lack of insurance coverage). Finally, treatment-responsive migraine criteria were developed to allow for standardization in research studies comparing refractory or resistant migraine to migraine that is treatment-responsive.ConclusionsThese four categories may aid in enrollment for studies on pathophysiology, biomarkers, and new treatment targets. Clinically, the criteria for refractory and resistant migraine will help with clinical decision-making by reinforcing the need to try evidence-based treatments and by providing guidance regarding when to try more aggressive treatment approaches. These criteria may also increase attention to this population's disease burden to help advocate for them as a specific migraine subgroup. Field testing in diverse clinical settings will be needed, but it is recommended that ICHD-3 considers inclusion of these four categories in their appendix
