IRIS Università degli Studi dell'Aquila
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The “Migraines” epidemic: Exposing the challenges of artificial intelligence in scientific writing
Get PDFKnowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus Management: the JEnious-NeOnatal-DIabetes (JENODI) Survey
Get PDFIntroduction: We aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and management of neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) among members of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD). Methods: Members of the society were invited to complete an online questionnaire posted on the ISPAD website. Results: We received 108 responses from 45 different countries. Of these, 103 were involved in NDM management. 87.9% of participants would start insulin at diagnosis, and 11% would prefer sulfonylurea (SU); 54.6% would start with an insulin pump, and 80.6% would use continuous glucose monitoring. Genetic testing was suggested by 97.2% (50.9% when diagnosis occurs up to 6 months, 15.7% up to 9 months, and 30.6% up to 12 months of age), while 79.6% routinely request it in clinical practice. Of the participants, 96.3% consider genetic testing necessary to identify children who can be treated with SU, and 26.9% would try SU before testing/obtaining results. Only 37% received specific training on NDM, while 44.5% felt less confident in managing patients with NDM. Incidence in the country of practice, participant's age, years of experience in the field, number of patients registered in the clinic, and number of patients with NDM followed up were associated with differences in answers. Conclusions: This survey offers the possibility of informing health providers about the awareness of different aspects of NDM management. Our results provide the opportunity to compare various aspects of diagnosis and treatment of NDM in different geographic areas. Continuous education is needed to boost physicians' confidence in managing patients with this rare form of diabetes
A Lightweight Intrusion Detection System for IoT Based on Deep Transfer Learning at the Edge
No full textThis paper aims to tackle the cyber threats posed by decentralized settings, such as edge computing, by exploiting the Transfer Learning (TL) approach to create a lightweight Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for resource-constrained IoT devices. The proposed approach shifts the training complexity to the edge, allowing resource-constrained IoT devices to use less resources because they receive from the edge a single (unified) pre-trained supermodel. This supermodel ensures realtime adaptability across multiple datasets and edge environments and achieves 99% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, while reducing latency and increasing scalability. Beyond TL, the proposed approach combines BERT-based semantic feature extraction, MLP classification, and SMOTE class imbalance compensation for improved performance
Indoor thermal analysis for energy and cultural heritage interaction
No full textHistoric buildings of significant cultural value present unique challenges, where the competing demands of energy efficiency, art conservation, and occupant comfort often require careful consideration. This work investigates the indoor thermal condition within the 12th-century church of Santa Maria Annunziata located in L’Aquila, Italy. This building houses valuable artworks, including paintings and wooden objects, which necessitate specific environmental conditions for their preservation.
Despite the presence of these sensitive artworks, the church currently lacks a dedicated HVAC system. This study employed a multi-pronged approach, combining experimental measurements,
statistical analysis, and the application of predictive algorithms
with varying time horizons. The findings revealed that the current indoor thermal conditions frequently deviate from optimal levels for art conservation. The monitored period revealed that 55% of
temperature measurements deviated from the optimal range of 19 ◦C to 24 ◦C. Consequently, evaluating and implementing an appropriate HVAC system to stabilize the microclimate within
the church is crucial
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: anesthesiologic implications in patients undergoing otolaryngological surgery
No full textIntroduction: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) represents a high anesthetic risk condition, particularly in children undergoing ENT procedures [1]. This study aims to assess the impact of OSAS on perioperative management under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods A single-center, prospective, observational study was conducted at the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, in collaboration with the Department of Otolaryngology, at San Salvatore Civil Hospital in L’Aquila, between July 4, 2024, and December3, 2024. Pediatric patients (aged 3–16 years), classified as ASA I–II, undergoing adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or adenotonsillectomy were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A with OSAS, Group B without OSAS. Anesthetic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables were analyzed using non-parametric statistical methods. Results: A total of 40 patients were included: 21 with OSAS (52.5%) and9 without OSAS (47.5%). The presence of OSAS was associated with significantly longer surgical duration (51.7 ±6.2 min vs 40.2 ±7.1 min; p=0.0248) (Table), lower oxygen saturation at T0 (97.5% vs 98.8%; p<0.001) and T1 (99.0% vs 99.9%; p<0.0001) (Tables 2 and 3), and a higher number of intubation attempts (66.67% vs 5.26%; p<0.0001) (Table 4). Additionally, OSAS patients showed prolonged Page 100 of 141 J Anesth Analg Crit Care 2025, 5(Suppl 1):58 awakening times (18.2 ± 4.2 min vs1.2 ±.9 min; p<0.0001) and longer stays in the post-anesthesia care unit (9.9 ± 2.4 min vs 7.6 ± 2.8 min; p=0.0103) (Table 5). Conclusions The results highlight that pediatric patients with OSAS are at higher anesthetic risk, requiring careful preoperative planning and tailored perioperative protocols. A multidisciplinary approach and extended postoperative monitoring are essential to minimize the risk of complications and ensure perioperative safety [2]
Long-term survival of nonoccupational pleural mesothelioma: a case report and review of the literature
Get PDFIntroduction: Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that arises from the mesothelial cells lining the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, or tunica vaginalis. While occupational exposure accounts for most cases, nonoccupational exposures (to ionizing radiation, carbon nanotubes, and different natural fibers) remain important and under-recognized. The rarity of nonoccupational pleural mesothelioma cases with prolonged survival substantiates a detailed analysis of the presented clinical case to increase awareness and review and contribute to the scientific literature. Case presentation: We present a clinical case of a 64-year-old Caucasian male patient still alive after a diagnosis in 2017 of epithelial-type pleural mesothelioma and three episodes of pleuritis accompanied by dyspnea, fever, and chest pain. The patient lived near a contaminated area but no other exposure was reported. The diagnosis was established by thoracic computed tomography scan and thoracentesis. The patient subsequently underwent chemotherapy and pneumonectomy, followed by semiannual follow-up visits that showed no evidence of disease recurrence. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering nonoccupational risk factors in patients with pleural mesothelioma and suggests that long-term survival can be achieved with early diagnosis and multimodal treatment. This literature review supports the need for further studies to improve the understanding and management of nonoccupational pleural mesothelioma
The role of viscoelastic stress in an abruptly converging/diverging channel under the thin film approximation
No full textEnvironmental sustainability assessment of different strategies for the treatment of wastewater from textile industry
Get PDFSevere water consumption and highly polluted wastewater are the main issues of textile industries, which can affect environmental safety. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) emerged as innovative strategies to enhance conventional wastewater treatments, for their strong ability to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pollutants. Among these, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) stands out as a promising technique to minimize the chemical additive uses, thereby improving the process sustainability. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to compare four scenarios, traditional biological treatment, membrane treatment combined with AOP and HC used either as pre- or post-treatment to the biological process. The results showed that biological process followed by HC offers the lowest environmental impact. This is attributed to a configuration change (compared to HC as pre-treatment) that reduces energy consumption without compromising water quality. In the climate change category, one of the most relevant, HC as a post-treatment (scenario 4) reduces the impact by 94%, compared to HC pre-treatment (scenario 3). It also achieves around 30% impact reduction relative to biological treatment, while ensuring the highest water quality, with a 98% reduction in COD. This quality supports the potential for water recirculation within textile manufacturing. Furthermore, the possibility of water reuse offsets the environmental cost of producing high-quality water, with an average environmental credit between 440 (scenario 3) and 600 (scenario 1) m3-world eq, in the water use category. The superiority of the HC post-treatment setup was also confirmed from a performance standpoint, as it reduces the complexity of process management
Enhancing the quality and reproducibility of research: Preferred Evaluation of Cognitive and Neuropsychological Studies - The PECANS statement for human studies
Get PDFAre scientific papers providing all essential details necessary to ensure the replicability of study protocols? Are authors effectively conveying study design, data analysis, and the process of drawing inferences from their results? These represent only a fraction of the pressing questions that cognitive psychology and neuropsychology face in addressing the “crisis of confidence.” This crisis has highlighted numerous shortcomings in the journey from research to publication. To address these shortcomings, we introduce PECANS (Preferred Evaluation of Cognitive And Neuropsychological Studies), a comprehensive checklist tool designed to guide the planning, execution, evaluation, and reporting of experimental research. PECANS emerged from a rigorous consensus-building process through the Delphi method. We convened a panel of international experts specialized in cognitive psychology and neuropsychology research practices. Through two rounds of iterative voting and a proof-of-concept phase, PECANS evolved into its final form. The PECANS checklist is intended to serve various stakeholders in the fields of cognitive sciences and neuropsychology, including: (i) researchers seeking to ensure and enhance reproducibility and rigor in their research; (ii) journal editors and reviewers assessing the quality of reports; (iii) ethics committees and funding agencies; (iv) students approaching methodology and scientific writing. PECANS is a versatile tool intended not only to improve the quality and transparency of individual research projects but also to foster a broader culture of rigorous scientific inquiry across the academic and research community