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Study on Faecal Sludge Management in Kushtia Municipality and its Future Development and Sustainability
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering, December 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-62).The treatment and proper disposal of Faecal Sludge (FS) is an expensive and environmentally
sensitive problem like Organic Solid Waste (OSW). The research was conducted to study the
Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) in Kushtia Municipality and its future development on basis
of treatment and end-use options. After data collection, Situational Assessment Tool (SAT)
was used to look up the overall FSM in the municipality. Raw FS, waste water and dried FS
were collected for detailed laboratory tests. Total FS generation within the municipality area is
estimated at 140,798 m3/yr as per calculation, whereas Technical and Financial Assessment
Tool the value is 498,926 m3/yr considering septic tank volume and 37,595 m3/yr considering
per capita FS generation rate. So, total FS generation is a variable figure depending
assumptions, regions, factors etc. Both drying bed dewatering efficiency and coco peat filter
treatment efficiency is greatly impressive, where all treated effluent parameters are within the
standard limit. Although some organic and inorganic substances are released in the water body
but not destructive for aquatic animals like fish and microorganisms. The decomposition of
organic compounds consumes much oxygen and leads to the decrease in BOD level. In spite
of good laboratory result, reality is little dissimilar because of only 27 % raw FS treatment
within 220,000 liters FS collection/ month. So a majority of collected sludge is released or
discarded in natural body without any kind of treatment. COD, BOD5, TS, TSS, T.C, F.C,
Alkalinity and Phosphate removal from drying beds in percentage is 98.15, 80.96, 97.35, 98.52,
95.07, 98.09, 87.76 and 99.06 respectively. After dewatering the FS, proper co-composting
process with OSW a reusable product is achieved where physiochemical, microbial and heavy
metals parameters are within Bangladesh compost standards and WHO guideline. Comparing
test results different times done in SRDI, BARI it is revealed that, compost is still good quality
on basis laboratory analysis. Specially C/N ratio would be maximum 20:1 and it was found in
compost as 7.3:1. So the C/N ratio after maturation level satisfied the above suggested limits
and is suitable for addition to soil. After getting results from SRDI, it is seen that, presence of
heavy metals are within tolerable limit. Lead is 27 ppm and Nickel is 7 ppm in range of standard
limit of 30 ppm. Other chemical constituents like Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulphur are also
within standard limit which are rich sources of nutrient content in compost. Even though
municipality residents are known to the FSM, compost and its impact but ministry permission
besides campaigning and marketing is essential for running co-composting business. FSM will
be sustainable with more FS treatment and large scale co-composting business. There is no
problem in treatment as well as its value chain. Day by day population will be increased where
staying the present condition won’t fulfill the FSM necessity. So it is highly necessary of more
drying beds or another treatment plant in Kushtia to upgrade its FSM performance. Aimed at
additional capability need to be created in future achieving its sustainability.Noman Al- HafizMaster of Science in Civil Engineerin
Generalization of Distributive Lattice with Pseudo Complementation
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Mathematics, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mathematics, August 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-60).Lattice theory is an important part of Mathematics. Distributive lattices with
Pseudo complementation have played many roles in development of lattice theory.
Historically, lattice theory started with Boolean distributive lattices: as a result, the
theory of distributive lattices is the most extensive and most satisfying chapter in the
history of lattice theory. Distributive lattices have provided the motivation for many
results, in general lattice theory. Many conditions on lattices and on element and
ideals of lattices are weakened forms of distributivity is imposed on lattices arising in
various areas of mathematics, especially algebra.
In lattice theory there are different classes of lattices known as variety of lattices.
Class of Boolean lattice is of course the most powerful variety. Throughout this thesis
we will be concerned with another large variety known as the class of distributive
Pseudo complemented lattice have been studied by several authors
[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6].
On the other hand extended the notion of Pseudo complementation for meet semi
lattices.
There are two concepts that we should be able to distinguish: a lattice
L, , , in which every element has a Pseudo complement and an algebra,
L, , , ,0,1 where L, , ,0,1 is a bounded lattice and where, for every a L,
the element a* is a Pseudo complement of a. We shall call the former a Pseudo
complemented lattice and the later a lattice with Pseudo complementation (as an
operation).
The realization of special role of distributive lattices moved to break with the
traditional approach to lattice theory, which proceeds from partially ordered sets to
general lattices, semi modular lattices, modular lattices and finally distributive
lattices.
In order to review, we include definitions, examples, solved problems and proof
of some theorems. This work is divided into four chapters.
Chapter-one is a prelude to the main text of the thesis, related to poset and various
types of lattices, such as sublattice, ideal of lattice, bounded lattice, complete lattice.
In chapter two we have discussed “Modular and distributive lattice” and this
chapter is the concept of this work. Here we study the definition and examples of
modular and distributive lattice. Some important theorem like “A modular lattice L is
distributive if it has no sublattice isomorphic diagonal lattice M5 ”. Every modular
lattice is distributive but converse is not true.
The next chapter we discuse “Prime ideal of a lattice”, “Minimal prime ideal”
and “Minimal prime n-ideal”.
Chapter four dealt with the Distributive lattices with Pseudo complementation.
This is the main part of my work. In this chapter we have discussed some definitions
and some important theorems like “Any complete lattice that satisfies the Join Infinite
Distributive (JID) identity is a Pseudo complemented distributive lattice.”Shubhra PaulMaster of Science in Mathematic
A Study on Some Integral Transforms Used in Engineering Sciences
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Mathematics, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mathematics, March 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 44).Transform methods, have their great importance in the field of applied sciences especially in
engineering sciences, are divided in two categories continuous and discrete, of which our
matter of interest is the continuous one. To most of us, Laplace transform a member of the
continuous transform category is well known and we are acquainted to solve differential
equations with this important tool. The procedure of adopting a transform consists of three
steps- use of the transform, algebraic manipulation and finally inversion. In case of Laplace
transform the inversion with the definition is not usually an adopted one, but is a powerful
tool. In this study we have rigorously handled the Laplace transform and complex inversion
formula is utilized to obtain the inverse. Hankel transform, another member of the same
category which has specialty in handling cylindrical coordinates with circular symmetry is
also studied. It has been observed that when periodic, impulsive or similar forces are applied
to a system, is is not that much difficult to obtain the solution of the system when complex
inversion formula is used while Laplace transform method is used as a solving tool. Thus as a
concluding remark, it has been suggested to pay proper attention to the complex inversion
formula.Chhanda Rani MondalMaster of Science in Mathematic
Analysis of In-band Transmission of Baseband and Broadcast Signals for Next Generation WDM-PON
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electronics and Communication Engineering, December 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references.This research was conducted to deal with the problem of finding cost-effective solutions for Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) network deployment. In the FTTH network, the transceiver at the user premises and the deployment of fiber at the last mile are the major barriers.
A novel approach is demonstrated for the ultimate solution to ensure large bandwidth, wavelength independency, easy upgradability and excellent network security. A single wavelength can be shared by both the baseband and broadcast data where the system utilizes the subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) signals for broadcasting service and finally combined with baseband data to modulate a single optical source. This approach simplifies the design of optical line terminal (OLT) and meets the future bandwidth demand.
In this project work, a wavelength reuse bidirectional WDM-PON is proposed for the transmission of both baseband and broadcast data in single wavelength. Broadcasting signals are generated in different radio frequencies (RF) to meet the diverse applications in both residential and commercial networks. Since the broadcast signals are placed in-band to the baseband data, the propose system does not require additional bandwidth dedicated for broadcast transmission. Moreover, the combined signal is received by a single photodiode and recovers the corresponding data without any wavelength specific optical or electrical filter. Beside this, wavelength reuse architecture ensure maximum utilization of available wavelengths and simplify the 'colorless' operation of upstream/downstream transmission.Shamima Nasrin RumiMaster of Science in Electronics and Communication Engineerin
Study on the Structure of Weak Intensity Tropical Cyclones over Bay of Bengal Using WRF Model.
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Physics, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physics, August, 2017.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 116-118)Comprehensive sensitivity analysis on Cumulus parameterization schemes of Weather
Research and Forecasting model (WRF version 3.80) has been carried out for the
effects on structure of weak intensity Tropical Cyclones Rashmi, Viyaru, Nilam and
Khaimuk those formed in the Bay of Bengal and crossed Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Sri
Lanka and Indian coast during 21 UTC of 26 October to 0300 UTC of 27 October
2008, around 0800 UTC of 16 May 2013, 0900 to 1200 UTC of 31October 2012 and
during 2200 to 2300 UTC of 15 November 2008 respectively. The initial and
boundary conditions of tropical cyclone (TC) are drawn from the global operational
analysis and forecast products of National Center for Environmental Prediction
(NCEP-GFS) available for the public at 1°×1o resolution. The model was run by using
WSM6-class graupel microphysics (MP) schemes with different cumulus (Kain-
Fritsch, Betts-Miller-Janjic, Grell- Fritsch, Grell-3, Grell-Denenyi and Old Kain-
Fritsch) parameterization (CP). Different cumulus schemes have been used to study
the effects on system intensification and structure of TC. The model domain consists
of 3-27oN and 75-98oE and has 9 km horizontal resolution with 32 vertical sigma
levels. The model is run for 96 hours using initial conditions at 0000 UTC of 24 October 2008 for TC Rashmi, 0000 UTC of 13 May 2013 for TC Viyaru, 0000 UTC
of 28 October 2012 for TC Nilam and 0000 UTC of 13 November 2008 for TC
khaimuk. Single domain (3-27oN & 75-98oE) is considered to examine the effect on
structure of weak intensity TC. In this research the Minimum sea level pressure
(MSLP), Maximum wind speed (MWS), Vorticity, Temperature anomaly, Relative
humidity, Relative humidity at 2m and Water vapor mixing ratio have been analyzed
to observe the impact on these parameters of weak intensity TC. Using different CP
options, variation of MSLP is around -20 to 10 hPa compared to observed value for
all cyclones except Viyaru. Temperature anomaly from 3-12 0C is obtained. Around
100 km cyclone eye is also observed. It may be concluded that the different CP
options have their own impact on the structure of weak intensity cyclonic Rashmi,
Viyaru, Nilam and Khaimuk with more or less value with the available observed
value.Flora RahmanMaster of Science in Physic
