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The effect of abiotic stress on white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) cv. "Mihai" plants in different density conditions
Get PDFLupinus albus (white lupin) is a crop well adapted to marginal lands and has a large potential for enhanced bio economy
use. In general, lupins have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, mobilise soil phosphate and are suitable for low
nutritional cultivation. Modern varieties should be selected for high yield of green silage or high yield of seeds which
contain more than 20% oil, more than 40% protein and the remaining materials are carbohydrates, mainly
oligosaccharides characterized as “prebiotics”. In this experiment, three new white lupin sorts were tested in
experimental fields. Breeding activities we compensated by optimized cultivation technology for these cultivars. One of
the biggest problem in the white lupin cultivation this year was caused by the extreme draught and high temperatures
registered during the vegetation period. Results present the observations obtained in 2022 season at the Ezăreni Farm.
Comparison of the selected cultivars was performed using two different density condition. Results indicated that white
lupins could be an interesting alternative for farmers and can contribute to new optimised crop rotation system
Research on the heavy metal content in onion bulbs correlated with soil from private households located in the Copşa Mică area, Central Romania
No full textFood safety and the high demand for food have represented worrisome problems worldwide in recent decades. It is well known that plants can accumulate metals from contaminated soil and through deposits from pollutant emissions released by contaminated sources. Cadmium, copper, zinc, and lead are poisonous elements. The accumulation of heavy metals in plants grown in polluted areas represents a major risk to human and animal health. Soil pollution with heavy metals is a global problem that has an unfavourable impact on the environment. For this study, data collected from 65 individual households located in the Copşa Mică area were used to estimate the bioaccumulation of four different heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)] in onion bulbs in different scenarios, in correlation with the total metal content from the soil. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for the regression curves established for the estimation of Cd (r = 0.648***), Zn (r = 0.592***), and Pb (r = 0.525***) in onion bulbs. In the case of copper (Cu), the linear correlation coefficient was insignificant (r = 0.088ns). The mean cadmium and lead values determined in the onion samples from the study area did not exceed the maximum stable levels for these contaminants in vegetables
Evaluarea corelațiilor dintre principalele caractere cantitative la soiurile de viță de vie Aligoté și Fetească Regală
Get PDFIn order to start some clonal selection works, the Aligoté and Fetească regală vine varieties from the Research and Development Station for Viticulture Iași have been subjected for several consecutive years, to works to evaluate the variability of the main quantitative characters, namely : number of shoots per stem, number of fertile shoots per stem, percentage of fertile shoots per stem, number of grapes per stem and shoot, weight of grapes per stem and shoot, number of berries per grape, weight of berries per stem and grape, as well as the mass of 100 berries. The present study aimed to determine the existing links between different quantitative characters, by calculating the regression and correlation coefficients
Corn protein content – a comparison between methods, analysors and farmers’ expectations
No full textIn a process of problem solving and diet formulation the analysis offeed ingredients’ proteins have to be done accurately, rapidly, cheep
and if is possible at the farm level. As a general rule the accurate methods last too long and real time methods are not so exactly. The
study is doing the comparison between the results of three methods 1. Classical chemistry (Kjeldahlmethod), 2. Near infrared
spectroscopy analysis (NIR) and 3. By FT-NIR spectrometer used for analyzing the corn’s protein content. The “reference sample”
was considered the result obtained from classical chemistry - Kjeldahl method and the comparison was between classical, NIR and FTNIR
methods, for corn's grains and corn’s flour. Each measurement was performed twice and no significant difference was found
between repetitions (p<0.00). The average protein content in corn for 39 samples was 7.82±0.16% by Kjeldahl method, by NIR
equipment, 7.47±0.17% in corn’s grains and 7.57±0.15% in corn’s flour and by FT-NIR equipment, 8.40±0.29% in corn’s grains and
7.80±0.12% in corn’s flour.Comparing the results of NIR and FT-NIR measurements with Kjeldahl method results significant
differences between first measurement (F=3.625 at p =0.007), second measurement (F=3.255 at p =0.013) and average measurements
(F=3.486 at p =0.009). The smaller differences between reference results was in case of FT-NIR in corn’s flour (0.02%) but were no
significant differences by Turkey test comparison for any of NIR, FT-NIR, grains or flour. In conclusion, irrelevant to the method or
equipment used for measurements it appears more feasible to run the samples at farm level
Honokiol and magnolol: insights into their antidermatophytic effects
Get PDFDermatophyte infections represent a significant public health concern, with an alarming
negative impact caused by unsuccessful therapeutic regimens. Natural products have been highlighted
as a promising alternative, due to their long-standing traditional use and increasing scientific
recognition. In this study, honokiol and magnolol, the main bioactives from Magnolia spp. bark, were
investigated for their antidermatophytic activity. The antifungal screening was performed using
dermatophyte standard strains and clinical isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined in accordance with EUCASTAFST
guidelines, with minor modifications. The effects on ergosterol biosynthesis were assessed in
Trichophyton rubrum cells by HPLC-DAD. Putative interactions with terbinafine against T. rubrum
were evaluated by the checkerboard method. Their impact on cells’ viability and pro-inflammatory
cytokines (IL-1 , IL-8 and TNF- ) was shown using an ex vivo human neutrophils model. Honokiol
and magnolol were highly active against tested dermatophytes, with MIC and MFC values of 8 and
16 mg/L, respectively. The mechanism of action involved the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis,
with accumulation of squalene in T. rubrum cells. Synergy was assessed for binary mixtures of
magnolol with terbinafine (FICI = 0.50), while honokiol-terbinafine combinations displayed only
additive effects (FICI = 0.56). In addition, magnolol displayed inhibitory effects towards IL-1 , IL-8
and TNF- released from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils, while honokiol
only decreased IL-1 secretion, compared to the untreated control. Overall, honokiol and magnolol
acted as fungicidal agents against dermatophytes, with impairment of ergosterol biosynthesis
Rice farmers’ perception and knowledge of integrated rice and fish farming in selected local government areas of Kwara State
No full textIn spite of the numerous advantages associated with integrated rice and fish farming, deliberate adoption of this technique is still insignificant. This study examined rice farmers’ perception and knowledge of integrated rice and fish farming practice in Kwara State. A threestage sampling procedure was used to select 149 rice farmers, while data was
obtained through the use of a wellstructured structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The results show that 81.9% of the respondents were male with mean age of 38 years and an average of 14 years farming experience. Given the average mean score of 3.04 respondents had a positive perception of integrated rice and fish farming, while
63.8% of the respondents had moderate knowledge. Farmers’ identified high cost of irrigation materials (M.S.=2.59), poaching (M.S.=2.59), flooding (M.S.= 2.55) as major constraints to the practice of integrated rice and fish farming. Farmers’ perception had a significant relationship with knowledge of integrated rice and fish farming at p<0.05 level.
Also, farmers’ age (r=0.300, p<0.000), level of education (r=0.287, p<0.000), farming experience (r=0.220, p<0.007), membership of cooperative society (r=0.176, p<0.032) and extension contact (r=0.204, p<0.013) had significant relationship with the knowledge level. The study concluded that the rice farmers had moderate knowledge and positive
perception of integrated rice and fish farming. There is a need to provide incentives, such as irrigation facilities to farmers and provision of adequate training on integrated rice and fish farming in order to fully maximize the potentials therein
Deşeurile industriale agroalimentare în percepţia locuitorilor din estul României şi Republica Moldova
Get PDFThe agro-food industry is a very important part of the world’s economy, which continuously expands in both, Romania and Republic of Moldova. But, unfortunately, it generates huge quantities of wastes. An agro-food wastes related survey was applied to 263 consumers from Eastern Romania (116) and Republic of Moldova (147) in order to assess the population’s opinion concerning this category of waste. 145 of the interviewees were women and 118 were men. The predominant age groups were: 40-50 years (55 persons), 30-40 years (52 persons) and 20-30 (51 persons). The profession distribution was: 62 - students, 46 – self-employed and unemployed, 41 – workers, 20 - technicians, 19 – retired, 17 – engineers, 16 – teachers, 13 – drivers, 13 – scholars, and others.
Concerning the survey results, 37% of the 263 respondents considered that the agro-food industrial waste represent a moderate problem for the place where they live, while 25% considered a major problem. 43% appreciated that the agro-food wastes seriously affect the environment and 26% - moderate affect. The population from both countries has a concern to separate the wastes: major (25%), moderate (30%), small concern (22%), do not know (12%), and not at all (11%). They consider that the agro-industrial wastes can be recovered: largely (40%), moderate (34%), in small extent (14%), do not know (10%) and not at all (2%). In the place where they live, the waste is highly processed: 27% - do not know, 25% - not at all, 21% - highly, 17% - medium, 10% - little. The majority (82%) consider that it is strongly necessary to tighten the responsibility for disposing the agro-industrial waste in places not intended and 13% moderate necessary. Also, 67% appreciate that the agro-industrial waste processing is highly required and 25% - moderate required. 69% from the surveyed people consider a major problem the need for national/international projects in the domain of processing the agro-industrial waste, and 19% consider a moderate problem.
In conclusion, the superior valorization of agro-food industrial wastes is a general aspiration of most of the population and could bring economic, social and environmental benefits
Analysis of the Romanian rural agri-food potential
No full textIn Romania, agriculture is the most vulnerable part of the economy, as about 30% of the country's population works in
this sector. What minimizes the overall performance of the agricultural sector are subsistence farms, so that labor and
land are used below their economic potential. The lack of competitiveness is generated by the excess of the agricultural
labor force, to which is added the lack of capital and the inadequate training of the farmers. This results in an imbalance
in the ratio between very low incomes and activities. The paper is based on statistical research on the degree of rural
development of the commune under analysis, the diagnosis of the mentioned rural area, the SWOT analysis of the
commune and the 2030 vision from the point of view of rural development. Regarding rural development, the policy
focuses on three key points: environment, agri-food economy, extended rural economy. For this reason, the seven
criteria of rural development representative for the diagnosis of the rural area were taken into account, according to
which the Banca commune, Vaslui county was included in a specific category from the rural development point of
view. The SWOT analysis of the rural area complements the highlighted characteristics and makes possible an
overview, summary, of the agri-food potential, development opportunities and combating the existing problems.
Finally, the 2030 vision captures the need to implement an agri-food strategy in order to develop economically,
ecologically, territorially, socially in order to ensure agri-food safety and security
Asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes used in separation applications
No full textThis work focused on the use of cellulose acetate polymer for the preparation of porous asymmetric membranes using a phase inversion process. These membranes were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, a bubble-point method and sorption measurements. The preparation method used induced membrane anisotropy. The capacity of the membranes in the removal of electrolyte (NaCl) from aqueous solution was investigated. A good retention of 58.6% and a high flux rate of 8.9 × 10–4 m/s using NaCl solution of 200 mg/L concentration were obtained by cellulose acetate membranes prepared with water as non-solvent. The results showed that the membrane performance was affected by the membrane structure, which was determined by the conditions of membrane preparation
Cercetări privind atacul produs de larvele speciei ostrinia nubilalis hbn. La diferite genotipuri de porumb în condițiile din centrul Moldovei
Get PDFDuring the maize vegetation period, Ostrinia nubilalis larvae causes production losses by producing attack on the stem, cob or inflorescence. To reduce losses, are chosen maize hybrids that are tolerant to larval attack. But the attack depends on the climatic conditions at the time of eggs laying and the appearance of larvae, the phenophase in which the crop is infested and the numerical pressure of the population in that region. This paper presents the results obtained from the observations and determinations made on the attack produced by the larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. to several romanian and foreign maize genotypes, in the conditions of Central Moldova. The average frequency of attack produced by the Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. larvae were 29.76%, the minimum value of the attack being 17.50% and the maximum reached to 47.67%. Among the genotypes studied, Deliciul verii recorded very significant values of all monitoring parameters, the frequency of attack was 47.67%, the most numerous holes (2.63) and galleries (2.14) were identified, and the larvae created galleries with an average length of 22.46 cm. An average, 0.73 holes/plant were register, the larvae created 0.65 galleries/plant with a length of 8.38 cm and were identified 0.38 larvae/plant