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Reviewing the Potential Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Modulation of Gastrointestinal Microflora in Schizophrenia
No full textSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe brain disorder characterized by an intriguing clinical panel that has begun to gain interest due to its particular phenotype. Having considered the role of gut microflora in psychiatry, the latest discoveries might offer further insight into the underlying mechanisms. Thus, we aimed to offer an updated overview of the therapeutic potential of microorganism-derived supplements alongside dedicated protocols that target the re-establishment of the host’s eubiosis. Based on combinations of specific keywords, we performed searches in four databases (PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) for the established interval (2018–2022) and identified twenty two eligible cases, restricted only to human patients’ experiences. Up until the writing of this manuscript, it has been revealed that the administration of specific lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), or those combined with vitamin D and selenium, maintain the integrity of the gut flora, preventing antagonistic effects including inflammation, antipsychotic-related body weight gain (olanzapine) and other metabolic dysfunctionalities. However, there are multiple antipsychotics that exert a potent effect upon gut flora, influencing a plethora of pathways and creating a dysbalance ratio between beneficial and opportunistic pathogens. Risperidone, amisulpride, and clozapine are just a few examples, but the current literature is unfortunately inconsistent and reported data is contradictory, which is why we support additional studies in this context. Moreover, we further argue the utility of studying how distinct controlled substances influence microbial communities, considering that ketamine is proved to alleviate depressive-like behavior as opposed to amphetamine and phencyclidine, which are known substances to trigger SCZ-like symptoms in experimental models. Probiotics may be regarded as the most consequential vehicle through which the gut flora can be successfully influenced, in adequate doses exerting a beneficial role as an alternative approach to alleviate SCZ symptoms
Impact of irrigation water on soil bacterial communities
No full textSoil microbial communities in agricultural ecosystems are affected by soil type, climate conditions, plant species, and
crop management (i.e. soil tillage, fertilizers, plant protection products, irrigation management). To highlight the
influence of irrigation water on soil bacterial communities in maize (Zea mays L.), soil sample were taken in four
growth stages of maize crop, between May and August 2022. The dynamics of bacterial community during the
vegetation period show an increase from May to July and a slight decrease until the end of August. Our result suggest
that irrigation water has a positive impact on bacterial communities in soil, being an additional reason to invest and use
irrigation systems in agriculture
Study on the fungal contamination of silage fodder and feed additives
Get PDFContamination of feed with fungi is favored by the existence of optimal environmental conditions for their
development, with negative consequences on production and animal health and more. For these reasons, in the present
study we proposed to carry out mycological investigations on feed samples from a farm in the area of Moldova, with the
aim of determining the degree of fungal contamination. Among the objectives were the determination of the number of
filamentous micromycetes, the identification of the dominant mycotic flora in the plant substrates, the highlighting of
colonies and the mycotic characterization of the strains of filamentous micromycetes. The mycological screening was
performed on four categories of samples, namely: alfalfa hay, corn silage, mixed fodder ration, mixed feed premix,
samples that were randomly analyzed from the farm and 15 determinations were made of each, in order to establishing
the fungal load during 2022. The dominant fungal flora of silage fodder and feed additives belongs to the genera
Penicillium (25%), fam. Mucoraceae (21.6%), Aspergillus (15%) and Fusarium (11.6%) which obtained the highest
levels of contamination
Global warming can increase flea beetles attack on oilseed rape, in late autumn, in South-East Romania
No full textThis is the first reference from the Romanian literature about cabbage flea beetle (Phyllotreta atra) attack on oilseed
rape crop in late autumn, in November, in the country's south-east. Also, in the same period, it registered a higher attack
of the cabbage stem flea beetle adults (Psylliodes chrysocephala). The research was carried out in the autumn of 2021 at
the NARDI Fundulea experimental field, located in Călărași County, south-east of Romania. Oilseed rape was sowed on
22 September, but full plant emergence was recorded on 27 October because of the drought. The assessments
concerning flea beetle attacks were made at the end of October and during November. As a result of the higher
temperatures recorded in November, the flea beetle attack at untreated plants, on an OEPP intensity scale from 1 to 5,
was 2.69, while at variant with seeds treated with cyantraniliprole (625 g/l) active ingredient, the attack was 2.01. Also,
there was recorded high attack of the cabbage stem flea beetle adults, both at treated and untreated plants. On 12
November attack degree of the pest at OSR untreated plants was 29.89%, while at seed treated plants was 19.27%. On
19 November, the attack of the cabbage stem flea beetle adults at OSR untreated plants increased to 31.38%, while in
the case of seed treatment plants, the attack degree increased slightly, to 19.66%. The weather conditions from the
autumn of 2021 it have recorded high attacks of these two flea beetle species. Seed treatment has consequences in
reducing this pest attack after plants' emergence; however, the invasion of the cabbage stem flea beetle adults was high
in the treated variant too
Assessing the efficiency of Moringa oleifera leaf meal on the growth performance of broiler chicken
No full textHigh cost of poultry feed and
limited fishmeal are currently the major
challenges in poultry production. To reduce
cost while maximizing production, there is
the need to use cheap but high nutritional
feed sources like Moringa oleifera. The aim
of the study was to assess the effects of
Moringa oleifera on the growth performance
of broiler chicken by measuring their live
weight, rate of mortality, feed conversion
ratio and benefit cost (b/c) ratio. Field
experiment was carried out at the Animal
Science Department farm, located in the
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and
Technology, Kumasi-Ghana. A total of 30-
day old chicks were raised for eight weeks
under the required conditions, with all
vaccines administered appropriately. The
experiment was laid in a Complete
Randomized Design with five treatments
namely T1= 100% conventional feed only
(as control), T2= 50% MoLM (Moringa
oleifera Leaf Meal) + 50% conventional,
T3= 75% MoLM + 25% conventional, T4=
25% MoLM + 75% conventional, T5= 80%
MoLM and each treatment replicated six
times. The result showed no significant
differences between the various treatment for
the feed conversion ratio and live weight at
different growth periods. The benefit/cost
ratio of T1 was more than one while the
other treatments were less than one. T4 (25%
MoLM) had a b/c ratio close to one. In
conclusion, Moringa oleifera leaf meal at
different levels can be used to supplement
the fishmeal component in the poultry diet of
broiler chicken to produce similar results as
that of the conventional feed. The study
recommends that farmers can adopt Moringa
oleifera based poultry feed for their bird
production when they cannot afford the
conventional feed (fish meal-based feed) to
cut down cost economically while increasing
productivity
Prevalence and characterization of multidrug resistance avian Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens
Get PDFAdministration of antibiotics to the entire chicken flock is a frequent practice in intensive broiler production, as the
demand for chicken meat rise up in Republic of Moldova for the last years, which leads to selection of resistance
gene and appearance of multidrug resistance E.coli strains. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of
multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolates in broiler chickens during rearing period. In this study were observed a
high rates of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates from one day old chickens for several antibiotics (75%
Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Chloramphenicol 41,7%), therefore, the highest incidence of multidrug E. coli isolates were
find out in the final period of chicken rearing (14 isolates), in contrast with day old chicks (6 isolates). Phenotypic
profile of antimicrobial resistance shows a high rates of multidrug resistant E. coli isolates among the last period of
rearing, and one of reason for this can be due to the use of large amount of antimicrobials starting from day one.
The incidence of multiple resistance to several classes of antibiotics is considered as a serious threat to both animal
and human health. Overall out of 45 E. coli isolates obtained from broiler at different ages, the average
antimicrobial resistance rates shows that isolates were resistant to gentamicin (26.7%), amoxicillin (48.9%),
ampicillin/sulbactam (93.4), chloramphenicol (62.2%), enrofloxacin (60%), oxytetracycline (53.3%) and
doxycycline (53.3%). Additionally, certain antibiotics from the present study, with high rates of antimicrobial
resistance are categorize as very important for human medicine, thus they have to be used with prudence and just in
situation when another antimicrobials are not available
Evaluation of DDGS as a Low-Cost Feed Ingredient for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linneus) Cultivated in a Semi-Intensive System
No full textDistillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a coproduct from the ethanol production industry, is successfully used as an ingredient in feeding cattle and pigs due to its relatively high protein and nutrient content and low price compared to cereals. The aim of this study was to establish the optimal DDGS concentration that can be included in the diet of common carp. A seven-week experiment was performed on common carp with an initial weight of 86 g feed with three experimental diets D0 (DDGS 0%), D1 (DDGS 25%) and D2 (DDGS 35%). The chemical composition of DDGS analyzed by Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy showed a protein content of 27.56% and oil at 6.75%. Diets with DDGS did not produce significant changes in growth parameters, flesh quality, and blood biochemical profile. Regarding the oxidative status in the muscle tissue, D1 and D2 significantly reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the specific activity of SOD and GSH, while CAT and GPX were left unaffected. In the liver tissue, CAT, GSH, MDA and carbonylated proteins were reduced in the DDGS diets. The microbiological analysis of the intestinal contents revealed a variation in microbial density depending on the diet used. The total number of aerobic germs was between 224.2 × 104 and 69.84 × 106 (D2 > D1 > D0) and the total number of anaerobic germs was between 15.2 × 102 and 28.2 × 102 (D2 > D0 > D1)
Cold Atmospheric Plasma, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Nitric Oxide Synthesis Inhibitor: Effects Investigation on an Experimental Model on Rats
No full textThe evolution of reconstructive methods for defects of the human body cannot yet replace the use of flap surgery. Research is still preoccupied with the ideal techniques for offering the best chances of survival of the flaps. In our study, we investigated the effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injectable solutions on flap survival using an in vivo model. Twenty-four Wistar rats (four groups) had the McFarlane flap raised and CAP, L-NAME, and PRP substances tested through a single dose subcutaneous injection. The control group had only a saline solution injected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluated a CAP activated solution through injection on flaps. The flap survival rate was determined by clinical examination (photography documented), hematology, thermography, and anatomopathological tests. The image digital analysis performed on the flaps showed that the necrosis area (control—49.64%) was significantly lower for the groups with the three investigated solutions: CAP (14.47%), L-NAME (18.2%), and PRP (23.85%). Thermography exploration revealed less ischemia than the control group on the CAP, L-NAME, and PRP groups as well. Anatomopathological data noted the best degree of angiogenesis on the CAP group, with similar findings on the L-NAME and PRP treated flaps. The blood work did not indicate infection or a strong inflammatory process in any of the subjects. Overall, the study shows that the CAP activated solution has a similar (better) impact on the necrosis rate (compared with other solutions with known effects) when injected on the modified dorsal rat skin flap, and on top of that it can be obtained fast, in unlimited quantities, non-invasively, and through a standardized process
Plant density and foliar fertilization effects on essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill.)
Get PDFAromatic and medicinal plant species can be defined as boundless sources of raw materials which can be used as well in
food and pharmaceutical industry. Essential oils extracted from different parts of the aromatic plant species are of
increasing interest in cosmetic industry. Some chemical compounds from volatile oils are preferred over the synthetic
ones, as natural extracts involve less risk factors as far as consumer`s health goes. The aim of this research was to
determine the main effects of plant density and foliar fertilization on essential oil yield of two varieties of fennel
Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare and Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce. The experiment was carried out using randomized
block design with three replications. The distances between rows were 50 cm, 75 cm and 100 cm. The plant spaces on
the row was 30 cm in all treatments. In case of each plant density, three foliar fertilizers were applied, with different
composition, in terms of macronutrients, micronutrients and amino acids. The results showed that both factors, plant
density and foliar application of fertilizers had significant impact on the essential oil content of both sweet fennel and
bitter fennel