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Analysis on the collection and recycling of plastic packaging of crop protection products in Romania
No full textThe collection and recycling of plastics, in which crop protection products are stored, has become a priority both in the European Union and at the national level. Therefore, a whole series of projects have been initiated to collect packaging from farmers. This paper aims to analyze the quantities placed on the market by the plant protection industry, as well as the collection and recycling of packaging, meanwhile identifying a correlation between the quantities of pesticides used in Romania, the quantities placed on the market, and those collected. The quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis, the analysis of statistical indicators (mean and standard deviation), as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. The results indicate a strong link between the number of pesticides used and the amount of packaging resulting from the use of plant protection products. Fluctuations in the amount of packaging collected are driven by the involvement of farmers in the process
Caracteristicile unor arborete de pin din afara arealului, afectate de uscare
Get PDFIn recent years, an alarming evolution of the drying phenomenon of pine stands from outside the habitat has been reported. Previous researches have shown that the most vulnerable are the pure, dense stands, not covered in time with care works, aged 30–40 years. The paper presents synthetic data on the structural and qualitative parameters of the affected stands as well as biometric and qualitative characteristics of the pine trees. The research was carried out in 2020, in pine stands affected by drying in order to substantiate ecological reconstruction solutions. The analyzed pine stands have an inadequate structure in relation with the number of trees, the remaining trees being affected by drying in the proportion of 58-71% of the total number. Drying also causes the depreciation of the wood in the internal structure. Analyzes carried out on trees from the species Pinus sylvestris, Pinus ponderosa and Pinus strobus revealed the proportion of depreciated wood through variations in micro-forage resistance (R). The decrease in micro-forage resistance, indicates the increase in the proportion of degraded wood. At Pinus strobus, relatively high proportions of depreciated wood were recorded (between 6-41%). The analyzed trees were included in the category of those strongly damaged (density index (Id <0.68) and degree of defoliation (DD=26-60%), and their ecological reconstruction is necessary. The results obtained are particularly important considering the restoration need and sustainable management of those large areas with pine stands from outside the habitat, affected by drying, existing at the national level
The coronavirus pandemic as an opportunity for the rural tourism sector. Ideas and reflections from the pandemic to the tourism of tomorrow
No full textMore than two years after the start of the coronavirus pandemic, tourism remains one of the most affected economic
sectors. The present work aims to address, on the one hand, the impact of the health crisis on the behavior of consumers
in the choice of tourist services, as well as to identify the methods by which these changes in behavior can positively
influence the development of the rural tourism sector. Beyond momentary measures, we should look ahead to the future
of tourism and identify ways to develop a more resilient and sustainable tourism offer. The experience gained during the
health crisis will certainly help us anticipate new trends and consumption patterns. It should be mentioned that in order
to benefit from this chance, integrated efforts must be made by all actors involved in the rural tourism sector, so that
potential tourists can be guaranteed unforgettable experiences
The current state of Clinical Mycology in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe
No full textThe ability of medical centers in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe to diagnose and treat fungal infections remains unknown. In order to investigate that, here we conducted a cross-sectional online survey, released at both The International Society for Human & Animal Mycology (ISHAM) and European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) websites. A total of 31 institutions responded to the questionnaire. Most centers (87.1%, n = 27) had access to Aspergillus spp. ELISA galactomannan testing as well as to Cryptococcus spp. antigen testing (83.9%, n = 26). Serological tests were mostly available for Aspergillus species (80.6%, n = 25); and most institutions reported access to mold-active antifungal drugs (83.9%; n = 26), but 5-flucytosine was available to only 29% (n = 9) of the participant centers. In conclusion, this study represents the first attempt to document the strengths and limitations of the Eastern and South-Eastern European region for diagnosing and treating fungal diseases.
Lay summary: Our article is about the availability of diagnostic and treatments tools related to fungal infections in the countries of Eastern and South-Eastern region. Surveys like these are important to understand the gaps and point towards the fungal infections as a global health issue
The impact of climate changes on grapevine
No full textThe viticultural climate of terroir influences the physiology of grapevine and the ripening of the grapes. The researches
performed at the IC-DVV Valea Calugareasca have shown that over the past 32 years, the climate has changed in the
meaning that heating resources increased and the rainfall resources decreased. It has registered, also, years with hot
summers which significantly influenced the grapevine. The researches were carried out in the Valea Călugărească
viticultural center within seven viticultural plantations with the varieties Olivia, Negru aromat, Mamaia, Feteasca
neagra 4 Vl, Columna, Grasa de Cotnari 4 Pt. The changes in the viticultural climate determined a delayed development
of the vegetative phenophases, especially of the rippening and the maturation of the grapes phenophases (by
approximately 1-5 days), which especially influenced the quality of the grape production. The grape production
obtained was in accordance with the productivity of the vine stumps, the highest productions being obtained in the case
of the varieties Feteasca neagra 4 Vl (2.088 kg / but), Mamaia (2.244 kg / but) and only 1.558 kg / but at Columna
variety
Phenotypic analysis of a wheat diversity panel from the vegetal genetic resources bank "Mihai Cristea" Suceava
No full textWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the among the first three agroeconomic important crop plants, with a high carbohydrate
and protein content in grains. In this study, 80 cultivars, from the VGRB germplasm collection, were phenotypes in
field experiments. Morphological traits were observed on the harvest spike prior to threshing. Awn roughness will be
assessed visually and by sliding one’s finger along the central part of the awn in the direction from top to bottom.
Flowering dates will be retrieved from digitized records of VGRB propagation cycles. Accessions were evaluated in
2020/2021 field trials under a randomized block experimental design. Among the measured phenotypic records there
are traits as germination rate, flowering time, disease resistance and yield. Results indicate that VRGB germplasm
contains a wide variety of genotypes that have a high agronomical value. This germplasm could be used in future
breeding programs
Establishing the type of stress reactivity and evaluating the curative status in deer
Get PDFThe paper goal is providing fact finding data arguing the need to conduct selection of deer as per their type of reactivity
to stress. The latter was determined through the use of the modified adrenaline test initially elaborated by Ahmadiev
G.M.(1990) that allows deer livestock selective breeding of the animals with a high resistance to infestation with
diverse parasites, an increased potencial of treatment efficacy, prophylactics of parasitoses and applying the
antiparasitic treatment depending on their type of stress reactivity. The innovative procedure of animals selection
depending on their stress reactivity was elaborated and applied into the practice that correspondingly allowed the
selection and setting the deer population with high resistance to the parasitic infestation and with increased efficiency of
anti-parasitic therapy. As related to establishement of the efficacy of the antitapasitic remedies the recommemdations
included the necessity to consider not only the specifics and level of infestation of deers, but also their type of reactivity
to stress, and those stres-reactive animals require repetative anti-parasitic treatment to allow the desired anti-parasitic
effect. The paper includes data on the impact of the mono- and poliparasitic invasions as well as the effect of
antiparasitic therapy on some morphological and functional indices in deers with different types of reactivity to stress
Pesticides identification and sustainable viticulture practices to reduce their use: an overviewc
Get PDFThe use of pesticides is a necessary practice in the modern era. Therefore, it is impossible to
ignore the pesticide market, which has developed into one of the most lucrative in the world. Nowadays,
humans are subjected to many potential risks, and significant amounts of toxic compounds
enter their bodies through food, drink, and the air itself. Identification and quantification of these
hazardous compounds is crucial for the sustainable development of an increasing world population
which poses high climatic and political constraints on agricultural production systems. The maximum
residue limits for pesticides have been regulated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and
European Union to protect human health. In this review, we have summarized and explained the
analytical methods for pesticide extraction and determination. Also, sustainable viticulture practices
like organic vineyards, tillage, biopesticides, nanobiopesticides, and precision viticulture are briefly
discussed. These new techniques allow wine growers to be more profitable and efficient, while
contributing to the reduction of pests and increasing the quality of wines
The influence of treatments with various phytosanitary products (fungicides) on the attack of some phytopathogenic fungi on barley harvest, Donau variety, in 2021 pedoclimatic conditions of the eastern Baragan
No full textThis study aims at monitoring the dynamics of the occurrence and evolution of the attack of some pathogens to barley,
among which we mention: mildew (Blummeria graminis f.sp. hordei), leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) and barley’s
rust (Puccinia hordei). Also, the influence of applying these fungicides on the harvest, as well as of the number of
treatments/ha as compared to the untreated control variant, has been monitored. For this study, an experiment with 6
treatment variants was created, being used the following phytosanitary products: EVALIA (azoxystrobin 250 g/l),
EVOLUS (prochloraz 320 g/l, tebuconazole 160 g/l, proquinazid 40g/l); FALCON PRO (prothioconazole 53 g/l,
spiroxamine 224 g/l, tebuconazole148 g/l). The treatment variants were the following: V1- EVALIA 1.00 L/HA 2
treatments (the first treatment applied at straw’s extension - 17.04.2021, the second treatment applied at the end of
blooming - 19.05.2021, V2 - EVOLUS 0.75 L/HA 2 treatments (the first treatment applied at straw’s extension -
17.04.2021, the second treatment applied at the end of blooming – 19.05.2021), V3- FALCON PRO – 0.6 L/HA 2
treatments (the first treatment applied at straw’s extension - 17.04.2021, the second treatment applied at the end of
blooming - 19.05.2021), V4 - EVALIA 1.00 L/HA 1 treatment applied in “bellows” - earing phase – 7.05.2021, V5-
EVOLUS 0.75 L/HA 1 treatment applied in “bellows” - earing phase – 7.05.2021, V6 - FALCON PRO – 0.8 L/HA 1
treatment applied in “bellows” - earing phase – 7.05.2021, V7- untreated control variant. The experiment was placed in
Latin square, the 7 variants being placed in 7 repetitions. The year 2021 had rainy spring and beginning of summer,
favorable to the attacks of some pathogens. The first two leaves under the ear had been analyzed, in order to determine
the attack of the pathogens. Among the pathogens monitored, relatively strong attacks produced by the Pyrenophora
graminea fungus (producing, in barley, the disease known as leaf stripe disease) had been observed. The yields of the
variants were the following: V1 – 6.748 to/ha, V2 – 6.536 to/ha, V3 – 7.103 to/ha, V4 – 6.834 to/ha, V5 – 7.049 to/ha,
V6 – 7.440 to/ha and V5 – 5.704 to/ha
Shape differences of the Carina sterni in birds of various locomotion types
No full textThe anatomy of the sternum in birds varies according to their habitats and type of locomotion. In particular, the carina sterni manifest different shape variations. In this study, the shape of the carina sterni was investigated by means of geometric morphometrics. Birds of different types of locomotion were used in the study: flying, swimming, and terrestrial. Ducks and chickens show a wider variety of shapes. Pigeons are the species with the least differences. The margo cranialis carinae in a turkey is the flattest compared to other species. In chickens, the apex carinae is more caudally than the base of the carina sterni. The margo cranialis of the carina sterni in ducks is concave. The differences in centroid size and shape differences between species collectively are statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The most distinct shape contrast is between the duck and turkey (p: 0.0003). Form differences between the ducks and geese as well as between the chicken and turkey are statistically insignificant. There is less variation in the shape of the carina sterni among avian species representing the same type of locomotion. Although there are many comparative morphological and morphometric studies of birds, shape analysis studies revealing the interspecific differences and similarities of the sternum are very limited. Morphology of the carina sterni can be useful in taxonomic investigations