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Acute Toxicity and Pharmacokinetic Profile of an EU-GMP-Certified Cannabis sativa L. in Rodents
Get PDFThe conundrum of Cannabis sativa’s applications for therapeutical purposes is set apart by the hundreds of known and commercially available strains, the social, cultural and historical context, and the legalization of its use for medical purposes in various jurisdictions around the globe. In an era where targeted therapies are continuously being developed and have become the norm, it is imperative to conduct standardized, controlled studies on strains currently cultivated under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) certification, a standard that guarantees the quality requirements for modern medical and therapeutic use. Thus, the aim of our study is to evaluate the acute toxicity of a 15.6% THC: <1% CBD, EU-GMP certified, Cannabis sativa L. in rodents, following the OECD acute oral toxicity guidelines, and to provide an overview of its pharmacokinetic profile. Groups of healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with a stepwise incremental dose, each step using three animals. The absence or presence of plant-induced mortality in rats dosed at one step determined the next step. For the EU GMP-certified Cannabis sativa L. investigated, we determined an oral LD50 value of over 5000 mg/kg in rats and a human equivalent oral dose of ≈806.45 mg/kg. Additionally, no significant clinical signs of toxicity or gross pathological findings were observed. According to our data, the toxicology, safety and pharmacokinetic profile of the tested EU-GMP-certified Cannabis sativa L. support further investigations through efficacy and chronic toxicity studies in preparation for potential future clinical applications and especially for the treatment of chronic pain
Total quality management (TQM) implementation challenges and benefits at usv brewing microproduction workshop
Get PDFBeer is traditionally made with four primary ingredients: a starch source (commonly malted barley), yeast, hops, and
water, resulting in a complex beverage containing over 3000 different constituents such as carbohydrates, proteins, ions,
microbes, organic acids, and polyphenols. Beer gets much more complex during storage because chemical changes can
occur that impact the flavor, fragrance, and appearance. As a result, maintaining the quality of beer throughout its
lifespan is a difficult undertaking. The technique used in this work is based on a review of quality management tools
and best practices in the brewing sector. This study seeks to synthesize the many ingredients and components of beer,
address how ingredients affect the completed product, and describe some of the analytical methods used in Brewing
Station to regulate quality and understand the development of chemicals in beer during the brewing process.
Recommendations include ensuring that USV Brewing Microproduction Station staff members participate fully, as well
as teaching all employees about TQM best practices implementation and involving everyone in TQM implementation
Learning curve of laparoscopic ovariectomy in cats - a case series
Get PDFMinimally invasive surgery is constantly improving and breaking grounds due to its benefits such as, fast recovery and
less pain. But these procedures need a lot of effort from the surgeon, more than an opened technique, since the focus
becomes a monitor and not a directly visible organ.
In cats two procedures can be performed for spaying, ovariectomy and ovariohisterectomy. The first one can be
performed using a two port laparoscopy technique.
This study describes the surgical approach for a laparoscopic two port ovariectomy and emphasizes on the time needed
for the procedure, taking into study 8 young healthy short hair cats and a veterinary surgeon with limited experience in
laparoscopy, but with some little experience in using the laparoscopic instrumentation.
None of the surgeries needed conversion. In one case we observed a wound dehiscence, that healed by secondary
healing. The surgeon’s time of surgery improved as the number of cases increased
Testing the efficiency of 6 essential oils for foodborne pathogens in order to select the most suitable for application in the meat industry
Get PDFIdentifying natural and safe methods for preserving food is an important issue. In this respect, one of the most important
foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat meat products is Listeria monocytogenes, which had a high prevalence in global
food poisoning outbreaks.
In the study, six essential oils (Ocimum basilicum, Eucalyptus maculata var. citriodora, Salvia officinalis, Petroselinum
crispum, Citrus aurantifolia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum) were studied for their antimicrobial efficiency against Listeria
monocytogenes using the Agar Well Diffusion assay, in order to select the three most effective essential oils. Samples
were performed in triplicate with positive and negative control.
According to the measured inhibition area, the antimicrobial effect ranking for the studied essential oils was the
following: Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil - 29.00±1.00 mm, Citrus aurantifolia - 17.00±0.82 mm and Ocimum
basilicum - 12.00±0.82 mm.
In conclusion, the efficacy of the selected oils against L. monocytogenes is noted, further studies on their activity in
food matrices experimentally and naturally contaminated with the studied pathogen being needed
Increased tolerance to chlorhexidine following prolonged exposure in staphylococcus species isolated from the skin and mucosae of dogs
No full textThis study aimed to investigate if canine staphylococci isolates could develop tolerance to chlorhexidine digluconate after long-term exposure. Staphylococci (Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and coagulase-negative staphylococci, methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant), with and without genotypic chlorhexidine resistance, were investigated for phenotypic chlorhexidine tolerance by determining the MBC (minimal bactericidal concentration) at various time points. The testing was performed as follows: determination of MBC for 30 minutes and 24 hours (MBC 24h-1); exposure of isolates for seven days to concentrations of chlorhexidine equal to 1/2 MBC 24h-1; determination of MBC for 24 h after the first week (MBC 24h-2); exposure of isolates for seven days to concentrations of chlorhexidine equal to 1/2 MBC 24h-2 and rest in Mueller–Hinton broth for seven days; determination of MBC for 24 h after the second week (MBC 24h-3). The MBC for 30 minutes ranged between 16–32 µg/ml compared to the MBC 24h-1 which was between 1–8 µg/ml. The MBCs for 24 h dropped from 8 µg/ml to 0.5 µg/ml for isolate 1, from 2 µg/ml to1 µg/ml for isolate 6 and from 2 µg/ml to 0.5 µg/ml for isolate 8 after being exposed for seven days to concentrations of chlorhexidine equal to 1/2 MBC 24h-1. For one CoNS (coagulase-negative staphylococci), the MBC 24h-2 increased four times from 1 µg/ml (MBC 24h-1) to 4 µg/ml and dropped again to 1 µg/ml after the second week. These results suggest that continuous exposure to chlorhexidine could lead to the selection of chlorhexidine-tolerant staphylococci that could withstand concentrations used during routine decolonisation procedures
Research on the development and therapy of persistent corpus luteum in cows
Get PDFPathological puerperium can mainly cause significant economic damage through the high losses that accumulate
throughout the herd and especially through the high percentage of sterility and infecundity. According to literature data,
it is shown that this infertility ratio can range quite widely between 5.0-30.0% of the total bull herd. A criterion in the
occurrence of this gynecological disease is the feed, which can vary in terms of quantity and quality, the farming regime
to which the cows are subjected and not especially environmental factors (lack of body hygiene, low temperatures
during the winter season and prolonged housing). In both research years, the incidence of cows diagnosed with
persistent corpus luteum was high at 7.1% in 2021 and 9.9% in 2022 in the non-lactating cows group and after a period
of 90 days after parturition. In 2021 the persistent luteal corpus luteum (CLP) in April did not register any cases, the
most significant values were recorded in the months: October (1.9%), November (2.5%), December (3.5%) and the
highest level of (3.9%) being reached in January. In 2022 the recorded values of persistent corpus luteum were close
compared to the first year of investigation, peaking in January at 3.1%. According to the number of lactations, in 2021,
19.3% females, in 1st lactation only 1.5% were diagnosed with this gynecological condition. Also, the highest level of
4.4% was recorded in cows in their 6th lactation and above
Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on embryo transfer activities in Europe
No full textThis review highlights to
what extent the embryo transfer (ET) activity
in Europe was affected by the COVID-19
pandemic. The ET represents a procedure of
modern reproductive biotechnologies that is
increasingly applied in farms animals.
Commercial ET is applied to cattle and,
albeit to a lesser extent, to other species. For
this study, official data reported by each
country to the European (AETE) and
international (IETS) forums, regarding ET
activities, were accessed. Each country has
an official rapporteur, but the procedures are
not mandatory. The reported data included
the total number of ET sessions, the type of
embryos obtained in vivo derived (IVD) or in
vitro produced (IVP), the collection rate of
oocytes and embryos and transferable
embryos produced both in cattle and other
species. For comparison, the data of two
similar pre-pandemic (2017 and 2018) and
pandemic (2019 and 2020) periods were
analysed. The pandemic period (2019)
started with a record decrease in all
categories of ET, most likely because of less
reports by veterinaries since reporting took
place in May 2020, already pandemic time
Europe, indicating a false negative decrease
in Europe, the total ET activities reported
decreased by 31.59%. In 2019, the in vivo
ET procedures in cattle decreased by 26,421
sessions compared to 2018 (approximately
20%). Surprisingly, during the pandemic, in
vivo ET in equines increased by almost 40%
Assessment of the contribution of wildlife and domestic pigs in hepatitis E virus transmission and zoonotic potential in Eastern Romania
Get PDFHepatitis E virus (HEV) has been confirmed within the landscape of the European food industry, representing a
significant factor in the dissemination of HEV among European citizens. Food-borne transmission of HEV appears to
be a major route in Europe, with pigs and wild boars being the main source. The results of this study highlight an
overall HEV seroprevalence of 12.8% (95%CI: 7.95-17.75) in wild boars and the detection of HEV RNA in all three
fresh pig liver batches sampled from a slaughterhouse in Iași County. Given the prevalent dietary preferences in
Romania, pork stands out as a highly favored food choice among the populace. However, the popularity of pork also
raises concerns, as there exists the occasional risk of contamination with HEV, presenting a potential threat to consumer
health. Ongoing surveillance, regulatory measures, and public awareness initiatives collectively may represent a
comprehensive strategy to protect the consumers and ensure the safety of pork products in the market
Morphobiological features and the significance of the species Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. as honey plant
No full textPhacelia tanacetifolia Benth. is a species native to North America and the Andean Mountains in South America. The climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova are favorable for the growth and development of this species, where it is known as a valuable honey, ornamental and forage species. It is an herbaceous annual, which ends the growing season by producing seeds. The germination capacity of seeds is 77.5±6.18% and the germination energy is 1-3 days. The weight of 1000 seeds is 1.96±0.03 g. The researched species is of interest to beekeepers, being a source of food for honey producing and pollinating insects, available for about 55 days, ensuring high productivity of honey, with long growing season. Insects visit the plants the most frequently between 11:30 and 12:30, since at this time nectar is abundantly produced. It provides food for a wide range of honeybees and pollinators. The entomological monitoring carried out at the "Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute) revealed the presence of 27 species of insects present on the organs of P. tanacetifolia plants, representing 6 orders, 20 families and 24 genera, insects with a diverse trophic spectrum. According to diversity and frequency, species of the genus Apis and Bombus, the main honey-making and pollinating insects, were more abundantly present
Ornamental vegetable garden design possibilities using modular raised beds
No full textOrnamental vegetable gardens have many benefits. They are aesthetic, educational, ecological, economical, sanitary, and are a source of fresh food. Small allotments in urban and peri-urban areas do not allow the implementation of utilitarian gardens. Thus, ornamental vegetable gardens are the best choice. Raised beds can be used to enhance the decorative effect of the entire vegetable garden. This type of construction presents, in turn, several advantages both for the user and crop: reduced effort for maintenance work, early heating of the substrate, loose substrate, reduced volume of weeds, efficient use of space for plants, etc. Establishing ornamental vegetable gardens on raised beds is easily achieved using geometric modules, as they can be adapted to various designs. This paper presents several design options for a decorative vegetable garden on private properties. The case studies presented showed different methods of using modular raised beds depending on the property’s area, the owner’s wishes, and the desired area to be planted. Also, depending on the results obtained from the experimental batch, three other variations of modular layouts with different purposes were proposed: focal point, physically closed but visually open space, and relaxation space