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Assessment of some microscopic parameters of ram semen correlated with the age of the animals
Get PDFThe study was carried out to evaluate some microscopic parameters (mobility, concentration, viability), to assess the
metabolic intensity of spermatozoa (Redox test), and sperm resistance test related with ram fertility and the quality of
ram semen in different age groups. The study was conducted in a farm located in Cluj County, on 34 rams of Turcana
Alba breed, grouped according to age into 4 batches. Weekly an ejaculate and the mentioned variables were measured.
Semen samples were collected from each animal using the artificial vagina (AV). For sperm mobility, the best values
were observed for 3 years old rams (X ± S = 88.4 ± 3.02). Variations in sperm viability showed some changes, but for
all age groups were obtained values above those indicated in the literature. Assessment of sperm concentration revealed
that rams in B6 (X ± S = 2.75 ±0.31) and B5 (X ± S = 2.7 ± 0.38) had the best values. Higher metabolic intensity rate in
B6, B5, B3 groups was correlated with higher values of concentration and mobility in these age groups. Thus, the best
values regarding sperm resistance were recorded for the rams aged 6 and 5 years, in which the average values were
equal to 7022.22. With increase in age, ram showed increase percentages of motility and viability of sperm in all
studied batches
Parasitic fungi on estival plants from the NE part of Romania
No full textDiversity is vital for effective ecosystem functioning and represent a part of biodiversity and ecosystem research. Parasitic fungi that grow on plants have reshaped the biosphere and caused the deaths of millions of people since the beginning of agriculture. Nowadays, interest for biodiversity conservation is intensified by concern about the conservation of genetic resources, destruction of forest, extinction of species and the effects of global warming. There are more than 70,000 species of fungi described by mycologists and over 90% of them are classified within Phylum Basidiomycota and Phylum Ascomycota. Understanding relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions is very important in the context of global plant diversity loss. This paper presents some parasitic micromycetes identified on some estival plants from different areas of Iasi County. In our fieldwork made in the spring of 2023 were indentified some parasitic micromycetes to species as: Corydalis solida L. Clairv., Scilla bifolia L., Anemone ranunculoides, Ranunculus ficaria L. and Fritillaria meleagrioides Patrin ex Schult. & Schult. f.. Identified parasitic micromycetes during the observations that have been made were differentiated according to the disease they cause on plants. Thus, the main diseases identified are represented by: rusts, smuts and downy mildew
Influence of conservation tillage on the main soil physical properties of winter pea crop in conditions of Ezareni farm, Iași, Romania
No full textThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different tillage on the main soil physical properties in the conditions of Ezareni Farm, Iasi, Romania. The study was conducted at the Ezareni Farm within the Didactic Station of the University of Life Sciences ,,Ion Ionescu de la Brad'' Iasi. The study was carried out on a cambic chernozem soil type. Two tillage systems, the conservative or no- tillage (NT) and the conventional one (CT), have been evaluated. The soil bulk density, the soil moisture and water stable aggregates were determined for each tillage system. The bulk density was determined measuring both the soil weight and volume at sampling. These soil samples were taken from four different layers: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm. Regarding the water stability of soil aggregates, the soil samples were also taken at different depths and the soil moisture content was evaluated. Soil samples were taken down to a depth of 90 cm. Sampling was carried out in three replicates for each depth. The no-till system had a highly significant effect on the bulk density of the soil, particularly at a depth of 10-20 cm (NT2), with 1.50 g/cm3 being the highest value obtained. The same effect was observed for soil aggregate stability under the same treatment and at the same depth, where the highest value was 90.16%. Regarding to soil moisture, it took the second year of study to obtain a significant effect
Research on the influence of growth regulators on the water regime of soybean plants in the context of climate change in Central Moldavia
No full textSoybean is a globally valued and sought-after crop due to its high protein and oil content in the beans, as well as its ecological adaptability. Water is an indispensable component for plant life, and its absence is the most important abiotic factor negatively influencing the quality and quantity of agricultural yields. Analyzing the climatic conditions in Central Moldavia, there has been an observed increase in temperatures in recent years, coupled with a reduction in precipitation. This paper presents the results obtained from a bifactorial experiment aimed at determining the influence of growth regulators on the water regime of soybean plants in response to climate change, achieved through the application of different growth regulator treatments. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of A.R.D.S. Secuieni in the year 2023. According to the determinations made, the rate of dehydration varied both according to the soybean variety and the applied treatment. In the first hour of dehydration, the percentage values of total water content ranged from 79.92 % (untreated Onix variety) to 92.79 % (Iris variety treated with Toprex), and after 24 hours, the values of total water content ranged from 25.69 % (Ziana variety treated with Moddus Evo) to 33.54 % (Iris variety treated with Toprex)
The influence of treatments with various phytosanitary products (fungicides) on the attack of some phytopathogenic fungi on wheat harvest – Glosa variety - in 2022 pedoclimatic conditions of the eastern Baragan
No full textThis study aims at monitoring the dynamics of the occurrence and evolution of the attack of some pathogens to Glosa
Romanian wheat variety, among which we mention: Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici (sin. Puccinia triticina) which
produces wheat’s brown rust and Septoria sp. which produces wheat’s brown leaf spotting (septoriosis). Also, the
influence of applying these fungicides on the harvest, as compared to the untreated control variant, has been monitored.
One experiment with 5 variants (4 variants with phytosanitary treatment, plus one control variant not treated) was taken
into consideration for this study, for which the following phytosanitary products were used, as follows: NATIVO PRO
325 SL (prothioconazole 175 g/l + trifloxystrobin 150 g/l) and EVALIA (azoxystrobin 250 g/l). The treatment variants
were the following: V1 – NATIVO PRO 0.6 l/ha, 1 treatment applied on 20th April + 1 treatment applied on 23rd May,
V2 – EVALIA 1.00 l/ha, 1 treatment applied on 20th April + 1 treatment applied on 23rd May, V3 – NATIVO PRO 0.7
l/ha, 1 treatment applied on 13th May; V4 - EVALIA 1.00 l/ha, 1 treatment applied on 13th May and V5 – Untreated
Control Variant. The experiment was placed in Latin square, the 5 variants being placed in 5 repetitions. The year 2022
was very dry, especially in March, April and May. The experiment received two waterings with norms of 800
m2
/ha/watering in the spring of the year 2022. These waterings led to good wheat yields. We emphasize that the
experiment also received, in the autumn of the year 2021, a sprout watering with a norm of 400 m2
/ha. Even though
three waterings were applied, the attacks of the pathogens that frequently cause foliar diseases in wheat were very low,
even in the untreated control variant. This led to very uniform yields in the variants studied. Basically, there were no
significant yield differences between the untreated control variant and the variants that were treated with fungicides.
The yields of the variants were as follows: V1 – 9.914 to/ha, V2 – 10.668 to/ha, V3 – 10.376 to/ha, V4 – 9.649 to/ha,
V5 (untreated control variant) – 10.200 to/ha
Physiological aspects regarding the sweet cherry water regime in the climatic conditions of 2023
Get PDFThe lack of water in the fruit trees ecosystem can cause atmospheric and pedological drought, under the action of which the plants suffer from cell dehydration through various biochemical and physiological changes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water regime by assessing the state of hydration of some sweet cherry cultivars (‘Van’, ‘Andreiaș’and ‘Margonia’) cultivated at Research Station for Fruit Growing (RSFG) Iași (N-E Romania) in the climatic conditions of the year 2023. The physiological indices analyzed were the determination of the water potential and the evaluation of the rate of dehydration at leaf level in three different phenological stages according to the BBCH scales: 65 (full flowering); 78 (fruits approximately 80% of final size) and 89 (fruit ripening) in two different areas of the crown: internal and external. Regarding the rate of dehydration, the results recorded statistical differences between cultivars but also at the level of crown areas within the same phenophase. The results oscillated between the minimum value of 45.62 at the ‘Andreiaș’ in the flowering phenophase in the internal area of the crown and the maximum of 72.28 in the outside of the crown at ‘Margonia’. The water content of the leaves recorded maximum average values in the flowering phenophase of 69.90%. The climatic conditions in the growing season (March-August) were characterized by an average temperature of 17℃, with an increase of 1.9℃ compared to the multiannual average and a rainfall deficit of 88 mm. The physiological response of fruit trees to drought conditions caused by high temperatures associated with a lack of precipitation was to increase the content of reserve substances and total dry matter
Assessment of utilizing annatto seeds powder as a natural food ingredient for cheddar cheese
No full textFood products with desirable sensory qualities, safety, and nutrition are in high demand in industrialized countries. Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is a small tree cultivated in tropical and subtropical America and is appreciated for the pigmented seeds that come from which the yellow-orange achiote or annatto natural food color is made. This study investigated the effect of the annatto seeds powder on the phytochemical and physicochemical properties as well as the textural and color of the value-added cheddar cheese. Two types of cheddar cheese were produced containing different concentrations of annatto seeds powder, 0.25 and 0.5% (ASP0.25, ASP0.5), and a control (ASP0). Based on the results, annatto seed powder appeared to show good antioxidant activity (79.432 ±1.015%). The addition of annatto seed powder positively influenced the textural and color characteristics of the value-added cheese. The obtained samples highlighted the satisfactory content in phytochemicals. The sensory analysis showed that the addition of annatto seed powder had no detrimental effects on the cheese's general acceptance, the improved color being appreciated. Therefore, annatto seed powder might be a good source of natural antioxidants for the production of dairy products being a natural alternative to synthetic food coloring ingredients
Studies on the Enhancement of Sparkling Wine and Chocolate Pairing through Compositional Profile Analysis
No full textConsumers are looking to experience as many interesting culinary combinations as possible, and there is a growing tendency to associate wine with various foods. Although there are some studies associating wine with chocolate, especially red wine, no articles have been published referring to sparkling wines. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to identify the taste compatibility and sensory synergies between sparkling wine and chocolate, with a focus on identifying combinations that can enhance the tasting experience. For this experiment, 14 variants of sparkling wines obtained in Romania and 5 chocolate assortments were evaluated to identify the best culinary match. White chocolate fitted better with Chardonnay—demi-dry sparkling wine; ruby chocolate presented a good match with Fetească neagră—demi-dry; milk chocolate with 32% cocoa powder associated better with Tămâioasă românească—sweet; and dark chocolate with 70% and 95% cocoa powder had synergic matches with Fetească neagră—sweet. Wine attributes like sweetness, acidity, alcoholic strength and chocolate composition significantly impacted the level of match
The effectiveness of composting using stabilizing urban sewage sludge compounds
Get PDFThe purpose of this
investigation was to verify the effectiveness
of composting in the sanitization of sludge
from urban sewage (SS). The treatments (T)
used consisted of SS mixed with sugarcane
bagasse (SB), tree pruning residues (TP),
poultry litter (PL) or grass clipping (GC) at a
carbon/nitrogen ratio of approximately 30/1
and ratios of T1 (SS+SB), T2 (SS+SB+TP),
T3 (SS+SB+GC), T4 (SS+SB+PL) or T5
(SS+SB+TP+GC). Temperature was
measured daily for over 280 days of
composting. Every two weeks, the
compounds were analyzed for
thermotolerant coliforms and viable
helminth eggs using the multiple-tube and
Yanko techniques; and once each month to
identify Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia
spp. (oo)cysts using the sucrose and zinc
sulfate centrifugal flotation technique and
nested PCR followed by sequencing. The
maximum temperatures measured in the
thermophilic phase of the compounds ranged
from 55°C to 64.8°C, and at day 280, weight
reductions of 27% (T1), 48% (T2), 63%
(T3), 66% (T4) and 64% (T5) were
observed. The absence of fecal coliforms
was observed from day 98 (T4), day 126
(T1), day 196 (T3 and T5) and day 210 (T2).
All treatments resulted in helminth egg
inviability and the absence of protozoan
(oo)cysts. Only T4 and T5 were positive for
G. duodenalis according to the sequencing
analysis. In conclusion, high temperatures during the composting thermophilic phase
made the use of pathogens required by
legislation unfeasible; therefore, it is
important to investigate the viability of
protozoa in compounds to ensure a safe final
product for human and animal health
Studies on the Physical Changes in Corn Seeds during Hybrid Drying (Convection and Microwave)
No full textHybrid seed drying technology, based on convection and microwave drying, is a modern method, and the research on the physical changes in cereal seed resulting from hybrid drying is still in its infancy. The aim of the present paper is to study the uniformity of the drying process by examining the physical changes occurring in corn seeds. An innovative drying equipment, combining convective and microwave drying, was used to dry corn seeds (variety DKC5068). The convective drying was performed during the pneumatic transport of the seeds, using hot air at a maximum temperature of 50 °C; the microwave-based drying was performed using 2.45 GHz microwaves. Thus, the seeds were volumetrically heated at a temperature which does not exceed 44 °C. The physical changes in corn seeds were measured in terms of moisture, volume, cracking and color. The results regarding the moisture and volume changes in the seeds during the drying process proved that moist seeds are more homogeneous than dry seeds. The change in volume also changed the stiffness of the seeds, which showed greater homogeneity after drying compared to wet seeds. Hybrid drying led to an average shrinkage of 8.76% compared with the original seed volume, while the percentage of seeds showing cracks after drying increased by 22%. Generally, the drying process also led to color changes, but in the case of hybrid drying the results were inconclusive. Hybrid drying of corn seeds requires a shorter time and does not significantly influence physical characteristics, compared to other drying technologies