RIULS (Repository of Iași University of Life Sciences)
Not a member yet
5043 research outputs found
Sort by
Cercetari privind utilizarea ca biomasa a ramurilor rezultate de la tăierile de fructificare de la diferite specii de pomi fructiferi
No full textBiomass is the most abundant renewable resource on the planet. This includes absolutely all the organic material produced by the metabolic processes of living organisms. Biomass can be used in the form of solid or liquid fuels, being used both for direct combustion, for space heating, and for liquid biofuel (bioethanol) for supply the thermal engines. The research carried out had as an objective the collection of the branches resulting from the fruiting cuts from the varieties of apple, hair, cherry and plum, located in the plantations of the Experimental resortfrom the USAMV Iași, Farm “V. Adamachi”, and the determination of the calorific power for each category of fruit trees. From the analysis of the results it appears that the calorific power is different from one species to another, as well as depending on the variety of the respective species. Also, the energy value of the harvested branches is high, being close to that of firewood, which allows us to specify that they can be valued as biomass, constituting an important renewable source of solid biofuel, which can be used in the form of pellets and lighter
The benefits of applying the microscopic examination in the analysis of meat products
No full textThe microscopic examination of meat products allows the identification of tissue structures and, to a certain extent, of the unauthorized content of plant and animal origin, the detection of parasites, the quality evaluation of the meat having undergone processes of freezing and thawing, the detection of muscle degeneration, the detection of foodstuffs adulteration and of the dangerous ingredients in meat products. The purpose of this study was to emphasise the importance of the results attained by microscopic evaluation of the integrity and quality of the meat used for meat products, the detection of the constituents of animal and vegetal origin, of the non-authorized tissues in the analysed products using routine staining as well as special staining. A total of 22 samples from different categories of meat products, represented by: boiled and smoked products (n = 5), cooked and double-smoked products (n = 2), raw-dried meat products (n = 6), baked and smoked meat products (n = 3), smoked meat products (n = 6), were randomly purchased from the commercial network within their validity period. All samples were processed using the routine paraffin inclusion technique, initially stained with HE (haematoxylin - eosin), special Masson's trichrome stain (connective tissue) and GMS II (Grocott Methenamine Silver, for the revealing of fungi). Microscopically, in the examined sections, there were highlighted different types of connective tissue (adipose and fibrous) in all of the samples, serous glandular tissue in baked and smoked meat products and in raw-dried meat products, visceral fragments (kidneys) in baked meat products and in raw-dried meat products, parasitic structures (Sarcocystis spp.) in baked and smoked meat products and in smoked meat products, fungal fragments in baked and smoked meat products and in smoked meat products, their presence being unauthorized. We consider that such an analysis, if appropriately performed and interpreted, can provide objective information in order to verify the compliance of these products with the legislation in force and to ensure the accurate composition and the integrity of these foods. By means of routine microscopic examination, the HE technique, non-compliant structures of animal origin were identified: visceral fragments and parasitic structures, Masson’s trichrome stain method allows a better highlighting of the connective tissue, and the GMS 2 technique can be used successfully for highlighting the fungal structures in meat products
Ultrastructural aspects of yersinia ruckeri cells after treatment with non-thermal plasma-activated water
Get PDFYersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease (ERM, yersiniosis), one of the most
important diseases that affects particularly farmed salmonids species. Numerous articles have demonstrated
that Y. ruckeri can cause both epizootics and zoonosis. Y. ruckeri shows the ability to survive outside the host
in nutrient-limiting environments for long periods due to biofilms forming capacity with adherence to solid
supports but also for the adherence to the host tissues. Considering these aspects, the control of Y. ruckeri
can be a problem, because of its resistance. Recently, non-thermal plasma activated water (PAW) proved
to be active against Gram-negative bacteria and this fact could be also useful in Y. ruckeri control. The
purpose of this in vitro study was to test the antimicrobial efficacy of PAW against Y. ruckeri and to explore
the ultrastructural changes in these bacteria. Ultrastructural changes in Y. ruckeri cells, probably related to
the action of PAW, included modifications in the shape and texture of the outer membrane. These changes
in the bacterial membrane have been linked with the inactivation of bacteria by PAW exposure
Post-harvest losses along the rice value chain in Kwara State, Nigeria: an assessment of magnitude and determinants
No full textPost-harvest losses, particularly along the rice value chain, have been highlighted as a major source of reduction in revenue among the value chain actors. It is therefore imperative that empirical assessment of the magnitude and determinants be investigated, so as to be able to provide a reliable policy stand that can help reduce these losses. Patigi
and Edu local government areas were purposively sampled from Kwara state, Nigeria, since they are the major producers of rice in the State. Data were gathered through the use of a questionnaire from 40 rice farmers, 40 rice processors and 40 rice marketers.
Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression model were used to analyze the
data. The result showed that the loss was highest for farmers at 41-50 kg (₦14402.40) (1 Naira = 0.002772 U.S. $), 31-40 kg (₦2383.20) for processors and at less than 11 kg (₦398.30) for the marketers. Household size and farm size were significant at 1% in determining post-harvest losses for farmers, while only the household size was significant in determining post-harvest losses for processors. It was thus recommended that
efficient milling machine should be introduced, particularly to rural rice processors, such that quality grains can be achieved
Productivity and conversion of sown grasslands in the plains area of Banat
Get PDFThe sown meadows, consisting of complex mixtures of grassland grasses and legumes species ensure a high level of production, a high quality of feed, an important source of biological nitrogen, which ensures the protein autonomy of the forage system. The paper highlights the influence of the structure of some perennial grasses and legumes, sown in
the plains area, on the production of plant dry matter, on the use of the sown grassland, on the conversion into animal products and on the economic efficiency of the pratoecosystem in relation to animals. Carried out studies have shown that sown grasslands, consisting of a complex mixture (Lolium perenne 30 % + Festuca pratensis 30 % + Trifolium repens 20 % + Lotus corniculatus 20 %), in the plains area, used for grazing with sheep, obtains, in average, about 9 t/ha feed dry matter, over 3200 l/ha milk production and very high milk quality (5.5 % protein and 8.0 % fat). The research results showed an increase of sheep’s milk production in complex mixtures in both years of experience, compared to the mixture variant consisting only of grass species. The value of the quality indices of sheep's milk is
higher, both in protein and fat, in the grazed variant, sown with a complex mixture of grasses and legumes, compared to the variant sown with only a mixture of grass species. In livestock farms, the complex sown grassland, consisting of several species of grassland grasses and legumes (multispecies) secures and makes the fodder system more efficient,
ensuring both the constant increase of the feed value of the fodder and the increase of the quality indices of the animal products
The importance of the bacterial cultures used in production of cheeses
No full textThe scientific researches reflected in this study has the purpose to study the microbiological aspects of the importance of bacterial cultures used in the production of the important dairy product-the cheeses. There have been studied some determinations of interactions between lactic acid bacteria, which are highly complex and beneficial for growth promotion activity of fermentation in the cheeses, and the use of selectioned cultures of lactic acid bacteria, which are used in the form of monocultures or mixed cultures with biotechnological suitable properties for the production of quality products in everyday life
Integrated Diseases Management (IDM) modules for the management of cotton diseases in natural condition under South Gujarat region of India
No full textCotton is a vital commercial
crop in the world and plays an important
role for fibre, fuel and edible oil in the
community and to industry. Cotton is a
white fibrous agricultural product that has
a wide variety of uses, from textile
production, to creating paper, to
producing oil and food products. Cotton is
grown all around the globe, and is traded
internationally as well. The cotton
diseases scenario has shown a continuous
change during the past 64 years. Several
diseases have been reported for the cotton
crop. The use of IDM strategy is gaining
momentum now a days, but in developing
countries it often lacks the enabling
environment for its successful implementation.
Cotton crop is affected by various
diseases caused by organisms, such as
fungi, bacteria and viruses that grow on
and within the plant tissues. In this
experiment, total seven modules including
the control was tested in this experiment
from which, module 6 (6.50% PDI),
followed by module 5 (8.50% PDI)
significantly recorded minimum bacterial
leaf blight infection in comparison to the
module 7, i.e. control (18.50% PDI) in
RCH 2 BG II hybrid. For Alternaria leaf
spot disease, module 6 (2.50 % PDI) were
recorded significantly minimum
Alternaria leaf spot disease in RCH 2 BG
II hybrid, as compared to the control
(10.50 % PDI), followed by module 5
(4.50 % PDI) and module 4 (5.50 % PDI)
Putting Internet-of-Things at the service of sustainable agriculture. Case study: Sysagria
No full textContinuous growth of global population requires a better management of food resources: increasing productivity, maximizing crop yields, reducing losses (water, energy, chemicals), protecting the environment, preventing plant disease, minimizing the manpower. Since the mid-1980s when precision agriculture has its roots, the new concept could rely on advancement in electronics, agriculture research and emerging technologies. Syswin Solutions has been focused on Internet-of-Things, since it seems to be more adequate compared to drones or satellite imagery because it offers much more complete data from sensors placed directly in the cultivated environment. Thus, was born SysAgria, a system that provides comprehensive, real-time environmental information and development conditions at various phenological stages of crops, fruit trees, vines and vegetables, on the basis of which proactive treatment, planned fertilization, sowing and harvesting can be achieved. The system monitors the vital parameters of soil, air and light and identifies prototypes through a series of intelligent algorithms that analyze the data obtained and correlates them with a relevant history of the culture. Built using very low power consumption circuits, the system is energetically independent since it uses solar power and optimized algorithms for communication. Data is available anywhere in the cloud, thus the farmer can act immediately if parameters change. Syswin Solutions has five systems under test in real operating conditions, in different places around Romania, in greenhouse and in field, for monitoring cereals and vegetables. The paper presents the SysAgria system and some eloquent results of the monitoring. Soil sensors placed at different depths revealed possible water absorbtion problems. The automation of the ventilation in the greenhouse has been shown to be beneficial for plant development
Comparative studies of inducing estrus in suffolk breed sheep, as the choice of the optimal receptor synchronization scheme, in vivo embryotransfer protocol
No full textReproductive biotechnologies in sheep, are important tools for genetic improvement because they enable to increase the gene frequency of individuals with superior genotype. The techniques for AI and ET of sheep and goats differ from those normally used in other farm animals mainly due to their anatomical peculiarities. Embryo transfer biotechnology (ET) is applied to females of superior genotype (like the Suffolk race) and aims to increase the frequency of their genes by increasing their progeny. ET allows the transference of embryos from superior females (donors) to matrices with low genetic value (recipients). In this study we followed the protocol for the induction and stimulation of estrus in Suffolk sheep. Also, the reactivity of the sheep to different schemes for the treatment of estrus synchronization was followed. The purpose was to obtain, test and recommend a certain treatment for the synchronization of embryos donors and receptors, part of ET. Therefore, a number of 60 Suffolk sheep were treated with different hormones, divided into 3 groups of 20 each. Group A received P12-PGF; group B, P12-PGF-GnRH; and group C, P12-PGF-PMSG. Following treatment, the sheep were monitored on days 1-3 for signs of estrus, which were observed in most sheep. Thus: at Gr A, 16/20 (75%), at Gr.B, 18/20 (90%) and at Gr C, 20/20 (100%). Regarding ovarian response and synchronization of estrus for the anticipation of ovulation, (after the time of onset), the most favorable response was obtained in group B. Following treatment with P12-PGF-GnRH, estrus was manifested on the second day. For the synchronization of embryo receptors in sheep of the Suffolck breed, we recommend scheme B, because it synchronizes the ovulation in most sheep
Researches regarding the measures applied for reducing the weeds infestation at seed hemp crops under the condition of Central of Moldova
No full textThe hemp is one of the crops susceptible at weed infestation, weed appearance in the first vegetations phenophases lead at compromising the crop. Chemical intervention through herbicide application represents one method to control the weed appearance and spreading over the seed hemp crop. In this moment for seed hemp crop there is a limited range of approved herbicides. At A.R.D.S. Secuieni Neamț, for controling the weeds from seed hemp crop were experimentated a series of herbicides with different active substance to assess the product selectivity for the crop plant and efficacy under the climatic conditions of the years 2018 - 2019. During two years, the weeds identified from hemp crop was composed from 13 species, 11 from Dicotyledonate class and two from Monocotyledonate class. From Dicotyledonate class, the weed species which recorded the highest average density were Atriplex patula with 21.50 specimens /sqm and
Polygonum persicaria with 15.05 specimens/sqm. Setaria glauca, the most representative species from Monocotyledons class recorded an average density of 5.88 specimens/sqm. By the weeds number/sqm, the species from Dicotyledonate class register a 89.20% share meaning a average density of 53.59 specimens/sqm and from the Monocotyledons class belong 6.49 specimens/sqm representing a share of 10.80% from the all the specimens identified. From all the 12 herbicides experimentated, two were applyed in preemergence and the rest of herbicides were applied to control the weeds after plant emergence. Regarding the hemp plant selectivity, the commercial products Lentagran 45 WP, Galera Super and Challenge 600 provoked different symptoms of phytotoxicity, but the hemp recovered after 30 days from applying the herbicides. The weeds control highest efficacy was obtained at the variant treated with Challenge 600 and it was 72%. For the herbicides Stratos Ultra, Fusilade Forte, Frontier Forte, Lontrel 300, Leopard Super și Select Super the efficacy had values between 62 and 67%