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Deoxynivalenol and T2 toxin content in wheat and bread from different Transilvania Region
No full textThe toxins produced by Fusarium fungi that contaminate cereals are a serious concern. The most important and broad family of fusariotoxins are trichothechenes, which comprise several components divided into 4 groups, with types A and B being the most significant. In order to determine the level of DON and T2 toxin, we collected a number of 25 amples,
of which 10 were bread and 15 wheat, all of them were collected from the Transylvania region. In wheat samples, DON was identified in all 15 samples analyzed, with values between 33-2225 μg / kg, with an average value of 672.6 μg / kg and with a median of 372 μg / kg. Of these, 4 samples exceeded the maximum limit imposed by European legislation of 1250 μg / kg for DON, the maximum value being 2225 μg / kg. In the bread samples, the presence of DON was found in 8 out of 10 samples analyzed (80%) with values not exceeding the limits of European legislation of 500 μg / kg, between 0-321 μg / kg. Regarding the T2 toxin content, it was identified in only 2 of the samples analyzed (8%), a wheat sample and a bread sample, with values of 7 μg / kg and 5 μg / kg, these values not exceeding European standards. The results obtained by us show a high DON contamination at the level of wheat grains harvested from different counties of Transylvania, some of the values not respecting the European standards, but with low values recorded in bread samples. Regarding T2 mycotoxin, this was detected only in 2 samples, with low values and for this reason do not consist a high risk for human health
Characterization of the harvest year and the quality of red wines from Valea Calugareasca depending of the technological and phenolic potential of the varieties
No full textThe study was conducted during 2014–2018 period in order to define the quality level of the Cabernet Sauvignon and Feteasa neagra varieties, according to the characteristics of the harvest year. The grape harvest was recorded earlier with 12 days in case of Cabernet Sauvignon and with 14 days in case of Fetească neagră variety, compared to the
multiannual average. During the years of study, harvesting of grapes from the Cabernet Sauvignon variety was made between September 17 and October 6, and that of the grapes from the Feteasca neagra variety during September 17-28. The dynamics of grape ripening was very fast in the harvest year 2014, fast in the years 2015 and 2016, slow in 2017 and 2018. In the 2014 harvest year for the Cabernet Sauvignon variety, the phenolic maturity of the grapes was assessed as good for all determined analytical parameters. Grapes from the Cabernet Sauvignon variety are well formed, with a percentage of normally developed berries, with the skin of the grapes in a high proportion, high in anthocyanins; smallmedium grains, thick skin of the grapes. Cabernet Sauvignon wine was appreciated, compared to the average of 1990- 1999, with a very good alcoholic concentration of 12.6% vol. alc. in 2016 and 12.8% vol alc. in the years 2017 and
2018. The wine from the Feteasca neagra variety was appreciated as being extractive, with a high alcohol concentration of over 13% vol. alc., with a medium acidity, intensely colored
Study on the nutritional quality of refrigerated beef hamburgers
No full textThe study aimed a comparative analysis of the nutritional quality of the refrigerated beef hamburgers by determining the gross chemical composition (the content in lipids, water, salt, ash and proteins, including the proportion of collagen) and respectively of theirs energy value. Thirty products were analyzed, five for each producer (manufacturers coding: A, B, C, D, E and F). The proteins, lipids, collagen, salt and water content was determined using the automated analyzer Food Check (infrared spectrophotometer); mineral substances were determined by calcination at 550 0C and the carbohydrates content and energy value were determined by calculation, using conventional formulas. The most important differences between the all six type products analyzed, have targeted the content of lipids, with difference of 56.35% (21.40% lipids for product F, compared with 12.06% lipids for product A). Only producer B, of the six studied, did not add salt in the composition of hamburgers. The obtained data were statistically processed by classical methods and through the test for analysis of variance ANOVA (Graph Pad Prism 8.1 software). Mostly significant (p0.05)
New Ti-Mo-Si materials for bone prosthesis applications
No full textSeveral newly obtained titanium alloys were characterized in order to evaluate the biocompatibility and their possible application as implants. For improvement of the performances of the TiMo alloys compared to other alloys, silicon was added, targeting good mechanical and technological properties, avoiding the toxic effects for human body. Titanium is very used in medical applications, due to their extremely low toxicity and good chemical stability in different body fluids. Four Ti15MoxSi (where x = 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 wt %), alloys were developed and investigated regarding microstructure, mechanical, chemical and biological behavior (in vitro and in vivo evaluation). By increasing the Si content from 0 to 1% wt., the mechanical properties of the Ti15Mo alloys were significantly improved. By increasing the Si content from 0 to 1% wt., the mechanical properties of the Ti15Mo alloys were significantly improved (about 50%) from 44.50 GPa to 19.81 GPa modulus of elasticity and the hardness values 361.28 to 188.52 HV. The cytocompatibility assessment on human line osteoblasts indicated good cell-material interactions and in vivo tests indicated a successful osseointegration, the surrounding newly bone being formed without any significant inflammatory reaction. Expression of osteopontin in the peri-implant area highlights the presence of osteogenesis and bone mineralization. Metalloproteinase-2 (gelatinase A) and metallopeptidase-9 (gelatinase B) overexpression in osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes represent the markers of normal bone remodeling. All these results suggest that the TiMoSi alloys are promising materials for orthopedics devices, since mechanical properties and biocompatibility offer conditions for applying them as biomaterial
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Raccoon Dogs
Get PDFRaccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procynoides) are canids indigenous to Eastern Asia being one of the most invasive non-native animals in Europe and potential vectors for several hazardous parasitic and viral diseases. To present, there is a lack of studies regarding objective techniques used to appreciate the integrity and functionality of the nervous system in this species. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAER) is a cost-e ective, quick and noninvasive technique to assess the functionality of nervous system. The aim of the study is to provide reference values and evaluates the reliability of BAER recording with needle electrodes in clinically healthy raccoon dogs. Nine individuals were
investigated for BAER under xylazine and ketamine general anesthesia. Four waves (I, II, III and V) were identified and evaluated for latencies, morphologically similarity to those previously reported for other species (dogs, horses, cats, and ferret). Our data can be used in further studies to asses objectively the auditory system function in raccoon dogs
Hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effect of acrylamide from potato chips in mice
No full textPotato chips are considered to be potentially health risk products because they contain several substances with toxic potential effect upon various organs. These snacks contain acrylamide, a multi-organ carcinogenic effect substance and monosodium glutamate, used to improve the taste quality, but which has toxic effects upon several organs. In order to test the effect of potato chips diet upon different organs, two experiment were conducted. In an experiment were used adult mice aged between 4-6 months and in the other young mice of 17-20 days. They were fed for 60 days with potato chips representing 80% of the daily diet. In the first 30 days of experiment the adult mice gain weight, but at the end of the experiment they lost 10-15% from the initial weight measured at the beginning of the experiment. Histopathological modifications were noticed in internal organs of both young and adult mice. Liver presented changes in architecture,
necrosis areas, hepatocytes with macrovesicular steatosis, and hydropic degeneration. Into the renal cortex, enlarged glomeruli, mesangial cell proliferation, and reduced urinary spaces were observed along with vascular congestion. Also, in the kidney were noticed renal tubules degeneration, narrow lumens and swelling epithelia. Degenerations were also present in most of intestinal tunics where villi fusion, villi atrophy, modifications in epithelia, in subepithelial connective tissue, and changes in smooth muscle fibers were observed
Comparative research regarding the hematological and biochemical blood profile in hypovolemic and toxicoseptic shock conditions, in dogs
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to make a comparative study between two evolution forms of shock with different etiologies, namely hypovolemic shock and toxicoseptic shock in dogs. This comparison took into account two groups of parameters, the hematological and the biochemical blood values. In order to carry out our study we took for analysis 15 dogs, of
different breeds and aged between 1 and 12 years, diagnosed with shock. Depending on the etiology of the shock, the cases were grouped into two categories: animals in hypovolemic shock (n = 10) and animals in toxicoseptic shock (n = 5). The animals in the first category were grouped into two groups: dogs in post-hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock (n = 5) and dogs in post-dehydration hypovolemic shock (n = 5). Blood samples were used from the animals studied to determine: plasma calcium, lactic acid, plasma albumin, total plasma proteins. leukocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin and plasma fibrinogen. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were elevated in animals with post-dehydration shock. Hematocrit and hemoglobin were low in dogs with posthemorrhagic shock. Leukocytes were increased in animals with toxicoseptic shock. Fibrinogen showed elevated levels in dogs with toxicoseptic shock and those with post-dehydration shock. Lactic acid was recorded with high values, which exceed the reference values, in the case of all three experimental groups. Calcium, plasma albumin and plasma protein levels were decreased in all three experimental groups
Some arguments for and against animal experimentation - a literature review
No full textPreclinical tests on animals are mandatory when new biomedical products are launched on the market, all of these
having the main goal to improve the lives of humans, animals or to improve the environment. In this sense, it is necessary
to identify or to create the ”animal model” that is as close as possible to the human physiology and psychology, taking
in account that each species has its peculiarities that make it difficult or sometimes impossible to extrapolate the results
from animal to human. However, some of human diseases have been cured just through research on animals so, this
paper is bringing for and against arguments regarding animal experimentation. On the other hand, poor communication
of research results, minimization of harm in favor of glorious benefits, underestimation of issues of experimental ethics
are some of the most claimed subjects by people and researchers
Observaţii asupra conţinutului în azotiţi la unele fructe şi legume la păstrarea în diferite condiţii
Get PDFDue to the low caloric intake, correlated with the high content of vitamins, fiber and mineral salts, plant foods are essential for a healthy diet. On the other hand, plant products can also be an important source of potentially harmful compounds, such as nitrogen, residues from fertilizer treatments and soil conditioners.The problem has become particularly relevant since frequent acute and chronic intoxications have been reported in young children who have consumed these substances in water or food, becoming even more complex after highlighting the cumulative effect of nitrates and the possibility of carcinogenic nitrosamines.This study was performed using 5 samples of fruits: red apple, golden apple, grapefruit, pears, lemons and 5 samples of vegetables: green peppers, cucumbers, squash, onions, cabbage. The nitrate content was analyzed and compared during storagefor 7 days at different temperatures
Research on the qualitative parameters of the guinea fowl meat
No full textNowadays, the prevention of diseases through a healthy diet for the modern society, is becoming a problem of major interest, both socially, economically and politically.
In this context, the objective of the research was to evaluate the quality of the meat obtained from guinea fowls slaughtered at 84 days. A number of features related to fat content, cholesterol concentration, concentration in mineral substances and a number of indicators regarding meat microbiology were investigated.
Data on saturated fatty acids showed that the main constituent was C16: 0 palmitic acid in both the leg (27.06 ± 0.02 g / 100 g) and the breast (28.07 ± 0.02 g / 100g). The results obtained from the analysis of monounsaturated fatty acids showed that C18: 1n9 cis oleic acid was dominant with an average of 29.54 ± 0.01 g / 100g for the leg and 29.84 ± 0.01, g / 100g for the chest muscles. The highest values for the mineral substances were recorded for iron, namely 33.31 g / 100 for the pectoral musculature and 71.22 g / 100g for the meat from the leg. Next was zinc with a value of 26.35 g / 100g for the breast and 78.15 g / 100g for the leg.
Guinea fowl meat has a number of very valuable biological properties, which is why its
exploitation in intensive systems has broad development prospects