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Oxytocin Differentiated Effects According to the Administration Route in a Prenatal Valproic Acid-Induced Rat Model of Autism
No full textThe hormone oxytocin (OXT) has already been reported in both human and animal studies for its promising therapeutic potential in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the comparative effectiveness of various administration routes, whether central or peripheral has been insufficiently studied. In the present study, we examined the effects of intranasal (IN) vs. intraperitoneal (IP) oxytocin in a valproic-acid (VPA) autistic rat model, focusing on cognitive and mood behavioral disturbances, gastrointestinal transit and central oxidative stress status. Materials and Methods: VPA prenatally-exposed rats (500 mg/kg; age 90 days) in small groups of 5 (n = 20 total) were given OXT by IP injection (10 mg/kg) for 8 days consecutively or by an adapted IN pipetting protocol (12 IU/kg, 20 μL/day) for 4 consecutive days. Behavioral tests were performed during the last three days of OXT treatment, and OXT was administrated 20 minutes before each behavioral testing for each rat. Biochemical determination of oxidative stress markers in the temporal area included superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA). A brief quantitative assessment of fecal discharge over a period of 24 hours was performed at the end of the OXT treatment to determine differences in intestinal transit. Results: OXT improved behavioral and oxidative stress status in both routes of administration, but IN treatment had significantly better outcome in improving short-term memory, alleviating depressive manifestations and mitigating lipid peroxidation in the temporal lobes. Significant correlations were also found between behavioral parameters and oxidative stress status in rats after OXT administration. The quantitative evaluation of the gastrointestinal (GI) transit indicated lower fecal pellet counts in the VPA group and homogenous average values for the control and both OXT treated groups. Conclusions: The data from the present study suggest OXT IN administration to be more efficient than IP injections in alleviating autistic cognitive and mood dysfunctions in a VPA-induced rat model. OXT effects on the cognitive and mood behavior of autistic rats may be associated with its effects on oxidative stress. Additionally, present results provide preliminary evidence that OXT may have a balancing effect on gastrointestinal motility
Complete dried ration for ruminant based on Pennisetum Purpureum CV. Mott enriched phyto-protein of tree legumes leaf
No full textIndonesia is one of the among five countries with big human population in the world, still import red meat to meet demand of this meat in country, since the price of this commodity is higher than those import. This expensive product due to the fattening cattle in country use concentrate as animal feed rather than forages as practice in other country such as Australia. The problem is supply of forages is insufficient due to limitation of space for forage production. Especially during dry season, the forages almost disappears and farmer face on shortage supply of forage followed decrease beef production. Contrary forages available abundantly during rainy season both grasses and herbaceous and tree legume leaves. The major objectives of this research is to create a complete ration based on material available locally. The aims of this present research was to study the effects of enriched protein of tree legume leaf on complete dry ration based on tropical grass Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott. The experiment was conducted at Laboratory of Forage Science Faculty of Animal Science, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The plant material used, consists of tree legumes leafs of Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and Indigofera zollineriana in this study were taken from the field experimental station in collaboration with Regional Board of Agricultural Assessment Technology in North Sulawesi Province. All plants has been trimming to get homogeny re-growth where Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott was harvest at the age of 45 days re-growth and all tree legumes were harvest at the age of 60 days re-growth. P. purpurem cv. Mott was defoliated at first node from the soil surface (approximately 10 cm above ground). Sample of P. purpurem comprised five plants in two places in each plot so there were 10 plants as sample in each plot. All tree legumes were defoliated at 1 meter from the soil surface. Fresh samples were then dried at 600C or about 48 h to determine the dry weight. Complete rations in this research were dried chopped P. purpureum (PP), dried ground leaf of tree legume of G. sepium (GS), L. leucocephala (LL) and I. zolingeriana (IZ), and concentrate (Crt) consists of rice bran, ground yellow corn, tapioca powder, salt and mineral mix. The treatments were: T-0 = P. purpureum (control); T-1 = PP + GS+Crt; T-2 = PP + LL + Crt; T-3 = PP + IZ + Crt. All ingredient in each treatment were mixed homogenically, formed a block of 10 cm x 20 cm x 5 cm and dried under sun light. Treatments were arranged on Completely Randomized Design, with 5 replications. Twenty male goats with average body weight ± 15 Kg has been used. Variables measured were quality of complete rations, feed intake and total digestible nutrient. Total digestible collection methods have been applied to determine the apparent digestible coefficient of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract and nitrogen free extract. This trial has been done in two period of time, where 7 days of preliminary periods as adaptation to the new ration, and 5 days as feces and intake data collecting. Total ration offered and refused was measured each day during collecting periods, and drinking water for animal was available freely. For control ecto and endo parasite animal has received injection of doramicine prescribe by veterinarian. Sample of test rations has been taken two days at the end of preliminary periods and five days during collecting data. Sample of feces was first dried under sun light and then oven drying at 600C for 48 hours. The samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and ash according to the standard procedure of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Data were then statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) by means of MINITAB (Version 16). Honestly Significance Difference (HSD) was applied to determine the difference among treatments. Differences were considered at P<0.05. The results of this research showed that treatment T-3 with I. zolingeriana (IZ) as source of phyto-protein in complete rations has the best results on all variables measured. It could be concluded that leaves of this tree legumeis prospective to support application of technology complete ration based on local resources to resolve the problem of shortages of feeds supply to ruminant in tropic region
A simple brain atlas of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
No full textThe zebrafish and its brain popularity in scientific research created the necessity of a quick and simple atlas for the
examination of the entire central nervous system structure. Sagittal sections of 5 μm were obtained from 10 adult both
male and female zebrafish. Luxol Fast Blue-Cresyl Violet staining was performed in serial brain sections from whole
adult zebrafish brain for examination of myelin and neuron structure and localization. Neurons can be well established
with distinct cell bodies and nuclei in examined cerebral structures from both hemispheres. Cresyl violet is used to stain
the neuronal cell bodies and processes which appear in a pink to violet color. Luxol fast blue stain is used to identify
myelin in nervous tissue which gets stained in bright blue. The serial brain sections staining with Luxol fast blue-Cresyl
Violet gives a quick and complete view of the central nervous system morphology and could be a useful tool in toxicology
studies or in the research of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases
Grain productivity and quality of the winter barley variety Zimovyi in multifactorial field experiments
No full textThe paper presents the results of 3 year research studies on the productivity, content and amount of crude protein recorded by the winter barley variety Zimovyi in multifactorial field experiments. It has been established the effect of forerunner plants on the productivity of winter barley crops which was of 72.37%. On average, over 2 years of research, it was recorded the yield of 3609 kg/ha after the forerunner grain peas, while after the forerunner vetch-oat it was of 2507 kg/ha. The effect of planting dates constituted 24.55%. The highest grain yield was obtained on the optimal planting dates - 3750 kg/ha after the forerunner grain peas and 2631 kg/ha on the admissible planting dates after the forerunner vetch-oats.The amount of crude protein in the winter barley grains is higher after the forerunner vetch-oats – 12.13%, exceeding the value of 0.16% obtained after the forerunner grain peas
Evaluation of water quality in the Prut River, Sculeni-Iasi Area by determining some physical-chemical indicators
No full textIn 2018, a series of researches were carried out regarding the main water quality indicators in
the Prut river, Iasi county, Sculeni area. Following the taking and carrying out of physico-chemical
analyzes on the collected samples, it was found that most of the water indicators in the Prut river do
not exceed the maximum allowable concentration, according to the norms written in the specialized
literature. Small exceedances were registered for the following indicators: chlorides, CCO-Cr,
Ca2+, Mg2+, which indicates that the water in the Prut river has a relatively good quality, most
indicators fall within the limits imposed for surface water of category II
In vitro bovine embryos evaluation based on OCT4, SOX2, IGF1R and IGF2R expression level
No full textIn vitro production of bovine embryos comprises a lot of factors that can influence the successful of this technique, oxidative stress being one of them. These factors can influence the evolution of important development processes such as the maternal to zygotic transition and the embryonic genome activation. Adding antioxidants to in vitro culture media exerts the key role to reduce the effects of reactive oxidative species produced during assisted reproduction technique, influencing in a positive way also the early embryonic developement. The objective of this study was to determine the
effect of antioxidant rosmarinic acid (105 μM), added to in vitro bovine oocytes maturation media, on the quality of embryo produced based on gene expression level of OCT4, SOX2, IGF1R and IGF2R. For this purpose, we used 35 bovine ovaries taken from slougtherhouse from which we obtain 202 cumulus-oocyte-complexes and 127 of them were maturated in vitro based on morphological aspects. The cumulus-oocyte-complexes were divided in two groups: control (M1, M2, M3) and with acid rozmarinic (AR1, AR2 and AR3). The levels of OCT4, SOX2, IGF1R and IGF2R were the highest in group AR1, embryos obtain from oocytes class I supplemented with rozmarinic acid, where OCT4 expression was 4.08, SOX2 was 27.66, IGF1R and IGF2R were 53.44 and 25.10
Efficacy of Jatropha Curcas L. seed extract on mortality of cabbage crop larvae (Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
No full textAlong with the awareness to obtain quality plant products, the use of plant-based insecticides is increasingly being used. One of the plants used as a plant-based insecticide is Jatropha curcas L. (Jarak pagar) because it contains toxic ingredients to kill cabbage caterpillar pests (Crocidolomia binotalis). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Jatropha curcas L. on the mortality of Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage
caterpillars. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design
(CRD) 7 × 3, consisting of seven treatment concentrations (0,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, 20,000 ppm, 30,000 ppm, 40,000 ppm, 50,000 ppm, 60,000 ppm), with three replications. Observations were made at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 hours after application (HAA) of Jatropha. The research activities were carried out in two stages, namely 1) the extraction stage of Jatropha curcas L. seeds and the breeding of the Crocidolomia binotalis test larvae and 2) the testing stage with seven concentration levels of Jatropha curcas L.
extract as a plant-based insecticide. ANOVA test showed that the treatments of Jatropha curcas L. extract gave the death effect on larvae [F-count > F-table (116.8 > 2.37)]. Dead larvae change color to black and their body shape will curve. The fastest larval death occurs 24 HAA, with a concentration of 40,000 ppm, which is 50%. At lower concentrations (30,000 ppm), which can kill larvae up to 50%, occurs 120 HAA. With a concentration of 50,000 ppm, 90% of larvae can be killed occurring 96 HAA
Antagonistic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior and oxidative stress induced by toxic metals and deltamethrin acute exposure
No full textIn natural environments, the aquatic organisms are exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals which may originate from natural sources or from anthropogenic activities. In this context, the aim of the study was to assess the potential effects that might occur when aquatic organisms are simultaneously exposed to multiple chemicals. For that, we have studied the acute effects of cadmium (0.2 μg L−1), nickel (10 μg L−1) and deltamethrin (2 μg L−1) as individual toxicants and as mixture on the behavioral responses, oxidative stress (SOD and GPx), body electrolytes and trace metals profiles of zebrafish (Danio rerio). So far the scientific literature did not report about the combined effects of pesticides and toxic metals on zebrafish behavior using a 3D tracking system. Compared with other studies, in the present paper we investigated the acute effects of two heavy metals associated with a pesticide on zebrafish, in the range of environmentally relevant concentrations. Thus, the environmental concentrations of cadmium and nickel in three rivers affected by urban activities and one river with protected areas as background control were measured. The observations that resulted in our study demonstrated that deltamethrin toxicity was significantly decreased in some of the behavioral variables and oxidative stress when combined with Cdsingle bondNi mixture. Consequently, our study supports previous works concerning the combined toxicity of environmental chemicals since their simultaneous presence in the aqueous environment may lead to higher or lower toxicological effects on biota than those reported from a single pollutant. Therefore, the evaluation of toxic effects of a single contaminant does not offer a realistic estimate of its impact against aqueous ecosystems. This study also supports the idea that the interactions between different chemical compounds which do not exceed the maximum permitted limits in environment may have benefits for aquatic life forms or be more toxic
Invasive Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans infections in pediatric patients: Analysis of 55 cases from FungiScope® and the literature
No full textObjectives
Current knowledge on infections caused by Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans in children is scarce. We therefore aim to provide an overview of risk groups, clinical manifestation and treatment strategies of these infections.
Methods
Pediatric patients (age ≤18 years) with proven/probable Scedosporium spp. or L. prolificans infection were identified in PubMed and the FungiScope® registry. Data on diagnosis, treatment and outcome were collected.
Results
Fifty-five children (median age 9 years [IQR: 5–14]) with invasive Scedosporium spp. (n = 33) or L. prolificans (n = 22) infection were identified between 1990 and 2019. Malignancy, trauma and near drowning were the most common risk factors. Infections were frequently disseminated. Most patients received systemic antifungal therapy, mainly voriconazole and amphotericin B, plus surgical treatment.
Overall, day 42 mortality was 31%, higher for L. prolificans (50%) compared to Scedosporium spp. (18%). L. prolificans infection was associated with a shorter median survival time compared to Scedosporium spp. (6 days [IQR: 3–28] versus 61 days [IQR: 16–148]). Treatment for malignancy and severe disseminated infection were associated with particularly poor outcome (HR 8.33 [95% CI 1.35–51.40] and HR 6.12 [95% CI 1.52–24.66], respectively). Voriconazole use at any time and surgery for antifungal treatment were associated with improved clinical outcome (HR 0.33 [95% CI 0.11–0.99] and HR 0.09 [95% CI 0.02–0.40], respectively).
Conclusions
Scedosporium spp. and L. prolificans infections in children are associated with high mortality despite comprehensive antifungal therapy. Voriconazole usage and surgical intervention are associated with successful outcome
Parasitic fauna at the hare (Lepus Europaeus Pallas, 1778) from the "Codrii" natural reservation, Republic of Moldova
Get PDFThe study of the parasitic fauna at the hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) from the "Codrii" natural reservation, Republic of Moldova revealed species of parasites that fall taxonomically in 3 classes (Trematoda, Secernentea and Conoidasida), 9 families (Fasciolidae, Dicrocoeliidae, Trichuridae, Strongyloidida, Trichostrongylidae, Oxyuridae,
Trichuridae, Molineidae, Eimeriidae) and 9 genera (Fasciola, Dicrocoelium, Trichuris, Strongyloides, Trichostrongylus, Passalurimus, N and Passalurimus), and Parasitological research has shown an increased level of infestation at hares with various parasitic agents: Tematoda class 2 species (Fasciola hepatica with EI of 7.5% cases and II of 4,6 ex., Dicrocoelium lanceolatum with EI – 11.3% of cases, II-2.4 ex.); Class Secernentea 8 species (Trichocephalus leporis with EI – 16.1% cases, II -7.1 ex., Strongyloides papillosusi with EI – 69.2% cases, II- 14.7 ex., Trichostrongylus retortaeformis with EI – 5.3% cases, II -2.4 ex., Passalurus ambiguus with EI – 34.6% cases, II-5.2 ex., Trcihostrongylus probolurus with EI – 17.1% cases, II- 4,3ex., Trichuris leporis with EI – 7.1% cases, II-3,5ex., Graphidium strigosum with EI – 2.3% cases, II -1,4 ex., Nematodirus abnormalis with EI – 3.7% cases, II- 5.5 ex.) and Conoidasida Class with 6 species: Eimeria leporis with EI – 51.4% cases and II- 18.5 oocysts. Eimeria magna with EI – 31.3% of cases, II- 12.4 oocysts, Eimeria stiedae with EI – 57.1% cases, II- 18.7 oocysts, Eimeria perforans with EI – 12.9% of cases, II- 17.6 oochişti; Eimeria exigua with EI – 48.1% of cases, II- 15.3 oocysts; Eimeria intestinalis with EI – 14.3% of cases, II – 17.2 oocysts. It has been established that hares from the “Codrii” Natural Reserve are infested in the form of monoinvasions in 28,1% of cases, and in the form of polyinvasions - in 71,9% of cases