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Information System Usage and Risk Management among Arable Crop Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria
No full textFarmers need to be adequately informed in employing economic strategies to tackle risk situations in agriculture. This study sought to examine the risk management coping strategy employed by the farmers, explore determinants of risk management strategies, and to establish the relationship between information systems and risk
management strategy employed. Primary data were used from 141 randomly selected farmers. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, Likert-type scale, Multinomial logistic regression, and Bivariate correlation analysis were used
for data analyses. The results revealed that the majority of the farmers were riskaverse. Gender of household head, the highest level of education attained, household size, farming experience and
membership of association had a significant effect on the choice of coping strategies employed by the farmers. Correlation results showed that the more access to information the farmers had to the different risks they encountered, the higher the management strategies they
were likely to use. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between information systems and risk management strategies employed. It was recommended that extension agents
should be adequately sensitized on the various sources of information systems available to the farmers so that they can, in turn, pass the information to the farmers
Beneficial effects of Camelina sativa oil on behavioural (memory, anxiety, depression and social-related) manifestations and oxidative stress parameters in a mice model of irritable bowel syndrome
No full textIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic functional gastrointestinal impairment, which
includes also a variety of psychological and psychiatric comorbidities. The oxidative stress was earlier
reported as presenting an important part of the IBS complex pathophysiology. In the present study, we
determined the fatty acids profile and thereafter the effects of Camelina sativa Madalina variety cold pressed
oil in a zymosan-induced model of IBS. We are showing here some facilitatory effects of the Camelina
sativa oil in this context, both on the behavioral and oxidative stress-related actions. Thus, all these results
are suggesting some beneficial effects for the present Camelina sativa oil used in this study on behavioural
(memory, anxiety, depression and social-related) manifestations and oxidative stress parameters in a
zymosan-induced mice model of irritable bowel syndrome. This could be relevant for the connections
between the physiological manifestations in IBS and its depressive-like or anxiolytic-like manifestations.
In conclusion, Camelina sativa oil exerted facilitatory effects on both the behavioral (short memory, as
tested in the Y maze task, anxiety-tested in the elevated plsu maze, depression, as observed in the forced
swimming test and social-dominance test) and oxidative stress-related actions (mainly manifested through
a general increase of the two main antioxidant enzymes determined here: superoxide dismutase and
glutathione peroxidase, as well as a decrease in the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde)
Common European origin of Hepatitis E virus in human population from Eastern Romania
No full textThe purpose of this research was to improve the epidemiological data on HEV infection
in the human population in Romania. The analysis targeted hospitalized subjects with
acute hepatitis (n = 94) of unknown etiology from the Infectious Diseases Regional
Hospital in Iasi. Moreover, patients without liver disease (n = 40) from a different county
hospital located in Eastern Romania were included. The presence of HEV infection
and first characterization of human HEV strains was determined using serological and
molecular assays. The apparent HEV seroprevalence varied between 29.16% (95%
CI, 16.31–42.03) and 32.5% (95% CI, 17.98–47.02) according to patient grouping.
Molecular analysis enhanced the detection of two HEV isolates, that clustered in subtype
HEV-3c, the most commonly identified subtype in Europe. Identification of acute hepatitis
E cases, together with the first detection and molecular characterization of human HEV
in Romania represent the originality attributes of the present study
Mouflon’s parasitofauna (Ovis ammon musimon, Pallas, 1811) from various natural and anthropised biotopes from the Republic of Moldova
No full textTherefore, the study of the mouflon's parasitofauna of different ages from various biotopes of the Republic of Moldova highlighted a high and diversified level of their infestation with various parasitic agents. At the mouflons from the Republican Reproduction Center, Forest Enclosure “Mândrești” Telenești district, the following parasitic structure was
highlighted: Trematoda Class - 3 species (D. lanceolatum, Fasciola hepatica, Paramphistomum cervi); Secernentae Class - 6 species (Strongyloides papillosus, Cooperia punctata, Capillaria bovis, Ostertagia ostertagi, Toxocara vitulorum, Trichostrongylus axei); Cestoda Class - one species: (Moniezia benedeni) and Conoidosida Class with 6 species: (E. asymmetrica, E. austriaca, E. ponderosa, E. capreoli, E. bovis, E. ovinoidalis). At the mouflons maintained in the Zoo from Chișinău town, was highlighted the following parasitic structure: Trematoda Class - 2 species (D.
lanceolatum, Fasciola hepatica); Secernentae Class - 5 species (Strongyloides papillosus, Cooperia punctata, Capillaria bovis, Toxocara vitulorum, Trichostrongylus axei) and Conoidosida Class with 5 species: (E. asymmetrica, E. austriaca, E. ponderosa, E. capreoli, E. ovinoidalis). At the mouflons from the Republican Reproduction Center, Forest Enclosure “Mândrești” Telenești district, was highlighted a higher structure and level of infestation compared to that of mouflons maintained in the Zoo from Chisinau town, this being caused by the performance of irregular deworming works or even their lack at those from the Republican Reproduction Center, Forest Enclosure " Mândrești" , Telenești district
Essential oil composition of Thymus Fallax Fisch. & C.A. Mey. at different growing altitudes in Mazandaran, Iran
No full textThymus fallax Fisch. & C.A. Mey. (Lamiaceae) is a permanent plant that grows in some mountain rangelands of Mazandaran province in Iran. The aerial parts of Thymus fallax
were collected during flowering stage from mountain rangelands of Mazandaran
province, in North of Iran. Around samples were collected from three altitudes (2400 m, 2700 m and 3000 m a.s.l.), in mountain regions of Mazandaran province. The goal of current research was to assess the effect of altitude on the chemical composition and function of essential oil in Thymus fallax. The essential oil were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results, the essential oil content is between 1.12 - 1.61% at different altitudes. The result of study show that the highest concentrated essential oil (1.61%) was
extracted in the lowest altitude (2400 m), while it was opposite, (0.1.12%) in the highest altitude (3000 m). The main compounds of essential oil are: thymol (5.95% - 10.06%), carvacrol (13.63% - 69.04%), p-cymene (4.19% - 12.18%) and borneol (4.72% - 5.66%). According to the results, altitude has a negative effect on the percentage of essential oils and essential oil decreases with increasing altitude. The altitude has a negative effect
on the percentage of thymol and the content of thymol decreased with increasing altitude. The altitude has a positive effect on the percentage of carvacrol and the content of carvacrol increased with increasing altitude
First report on the effect of Meloe spp. larvae invasion on Apis mellifera carpathica bees in some apiaries in Romania
No full textDuring the program monitoring bees’ health state it was possible to detect an invasion
of triungulin larvae of Meloe spp. against melliferous bees (Apis mellifera carpathica) in
apiaries from the South and East regions of the country. We evaluated 35 apiaries (550 bee
colonies) located in all the regions of the country, and found the presence of triungulinosa in
8 of them (22.86%). A number of 173 bee colonies have been affected (31.45%), while
54 colonies (9.81%) registered massive depopulations. Evaluation of the melliferous flora in
the areas adjacent to the apiaries showed a considerable number of triungulin larvae on the
florescence of the plants in the South-East area. Bees’ infestation with triungulin larvae of
Meloe spp. was diagnosed as singular morbid entity in six apiaries (five in the East and one
in the South), while in the other two infested apiaries, the presence of the triungulin larvae
was accompanied by other morbid entities, such as the nosemosis. To our knowledge, this is
the first report of an attack of the triungulin larvae against Apis mellifera carpathica
colonies in Romania
Crop species and year seasons as determinants of microbiota structure in chernozem soil in the southeast region of Moldavia, Romania
No full textIn this study, we examined the diversity and abundance of microbial communities isolated from chernozem soil type in response to crop species and season from southeast region of Moldavia, Romania. Soil types, plant species, season, human activities and various land management regimes all have great impact on soil biology, but our knowledge of
biodiversity of soil microorganisms is still very limited. Therefore, during 2018 we assessed the variation of microbial community in chernozem soil and its response to plant species (rapeseed, sunflower, sugar beet, wheat and maize) and season (spring, autumn). At each site, five replicate bulk samples were taken, consisting of 10 randomly collected subsamples from the surface soil (10-15 cm horizon). The samples were transported to the laboratory, stored overnight at 4°C, air-dried at room temperature and sieved (2-mm mesh) prior to further use in the experiment. The influence of crop species and season on the total number of microorganisms (CFU g -1 ), relationships between the main groups (bacteria and fungi) and the spectrum of filamentous fungi from our experiment were established. The abundance of the microbial community from all crop species were ranked as follows: wheat (19.2 x 106 CFU g–1 ) > sunflower (1.3 x 106
CFU g–1 ) > maize (1.1 x 106 CFU g–1 ) > sugar beet (0.6 x 106 CFU g–1
) > rapeseed (0.4 x 106 CFU g–1 ). In case of yearly seasons, the microbial abundance decreased from spring to autumn. Occurrence and distribution of filamentous fungi isolated from soil samples provide new insights into ecology and niche specialization of several soil-borne species. Overall, genera composition of filamentous fungi from chernozem soil cultivated with different crop species was not very heterogeneous and most fungal genera were common to all location. Our results suggest that crop species
and yearly seasons have a significant impact on microbial richness and diversity. Extensive use of xenobiotic compounds in agriculture will degrade soil microbial communities, because they affect directly microbial abundance and composition, and indirectly soil texture and fertility
Vine shoots waste – new resources for bioethanol production
No full textThe objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of eight vine shoot waste (VSW) varieties (Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Noir, Feteasca Regala, Busuioaca de Bohotin, Muscat Ottonel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Feteasca Neagra and Feteasca Alba) regarding cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, ash, moisture, mineral, protein, elemental analysis for the production of bioethanol. The highest cellulose and hemicellulose content (almost 65%) suggests that the VSW varieties can be used as raw material for bioethanol production. The most abundant minerals found in the VSW samples were Sr, Fe and Mn, which are indicators for vineyard production in Romania. The autohydrolysis fractionation method was applied for the separation of cellulosic and hemicellulosic sugars from the VSW varieties
Comparative ionogram assessment before and after probiotic treatment for healthy dogs and dogs with apparent dysbiosis
No full textProbiotics are considered live formulas composed by microorganisms that, when administered in appropriate amounts, produce a beneficial effect to the host. The effect of probiotics is present both in the gastrointestinal tract and systemically. For this reason, a noteworthy aspect is the impact that these formulas have on commonly systemic investigated parameters. Of these, the main ions are dosed in order to clarify various aspects, being used as a marker in various pathologies. The aim of the present study was to make a comparison between the values of the main ions (calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium) obtained before and after a 30-day probiotic treatment. The study population was represented by two groups of dogs: group 1- healthy dogs (n = 5) and group 2- dogs with apparent dysbiosis (n = 6). The treatment was performed with a probiotic product consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici, for 30 days. The analyzed samples were blood serum samples obtained by centrifugation and separation from blood samples collected on anticoagulant on day 0 and day 31 of the study, respectively. Analyzes were performed by dry biochemistry methods using the VetScan biochemistry analyzer. The results obtained by ionograms suggest that probiotic treatment does not have a direct influence on the values of the main ions, neither in the group of healthy dogs nor in the group of dogs with apparent dysbiosis. Variations in ion values were considered physiological, and could not be directly attributed to the treatment performed. In conclusion, the probiotic composed of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and P. acidilactici does not directly influence the values of the main ions, and can be considered safe for administration in both healthy dogs and dogs with gastrointestinal manifestations
Innovative approaches for the analysis and decontamination of mycotoxins from feed and milk
Get PDFMycotoxins are secondary toxic metabolites produced by some filamentous fungi. In spite of great efforts to prevent it, contamination of animal feed with mycotoxins still occurs very frequently, causing serious diseases in farm animals. Such small chemicals pose a high challenge to food safety and a serious risk to human and animal health, additionally leading to the agricultural industry’s massive economic losses. They can reach our food chain either directly from plant-based food components contaminated with mycotoxins or indirectly through food-borne contamination. Aside from the concerns about the adverse effects of direct intake of mycotoxin-contaminated foods and feeds, there is also a public health concern regarding the possible ingestion of food products derived from animals, such as beef, milk or eggs containing mycotoxin residues or metabolites. Despite the constant advancement of conventional methods, current trends in science are searching for innovative solutions, thus researchers prioritize the production of detoxification technologies for high-risk resources. Nanotechnology approaches seem a promising, efficient, and low-cost way to minimize mycotoxin’s health effects. This study provides new insights into potential future work that may address the difficulties of using nanotechnology to remove mycotoxins from agricultural products, in general and in the animal husbandry sector in particular