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On the survival of a flawed theory of capital: Mainstream economics and the Cambridge capital controversies
No full textThe Cambridge controversies on capital theory opposed heterodox economists, mainly from the University of Cambridge, UK, to mainstream economists, mostly based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA. The controversies started in the 1950s and occupied the pages of some of the most influential journals. Their primary outcome was the broad acknowledgement of flaws, which we retrieve, in the concept of aggregate capital. Despite that acknowledgement, aggregate, homogeneous capital remains a staple of contemporary macroeconomics, as if the Cambridge controversies had never existed. To account for this apparent paradox is the aim of this article. We examine the arguments seeking to justify the enduring commitment to the aggregate capital approach and argue that they indicate an implicit commitment to instrumentalism. The indifference to the results of the Cambridge controversies is a consequence of methodological conformism and has shaky foundations
Direitos humanos das pessoas LGBTQIAPN+: uma análise a partir da jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos no contexto da teoria jurídica Queer
No full textEsta dissertação tem por finalidade analisar as relações entre teoria queer e ciência
jurídica a partir da exposição da jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos
Humanos e do Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos. Acerca disso, o que se nota é
uma dificuldade generalizada do direito em lidar com o fenômeno queer, talvez,
justamente, pela excessiva rigidez da ciência jurídica e pelo fato de a maior parte da
disciplina normativa existente dirigir-se à proteção do cis-heteropatriarcado. A
fragilidade se mostra ainda mais intensa quando são inseridas categorias como gênero,
raça, classe social associadas à condição LGBTQIAPN+, pondo em xeque a eficácia
jurídica das normas construídas em contexto de proteção do masculino, branco e
heterossexual. Esse drama pode ser visto claramente quando se examinam as poucas
normas específicas de proteção e a dificuldade de produção de textos de caráter
vinculativo que efetivamente protejam e disponham de força suficiente para proteção
das pessoas LGBTQIAPN+, daí por que é importante conhecer, em linhas gerais, como
funcionam os procedimentos nas Cortes Internacionais, no caso, Corte Interamericana
de Direitos Humanos e Tribunal Europeu de Direitos Humanos, que, cada um por uma
via jurídica central, ora igualdade e não discriminação, ora privacidade, vão construindo
caminhos ainda estreitos para a proteção de pessoas LGBTQIAPN+. No entanto,
infelizmente, ainda com baixa eficiência geral, apesar de resultados promissores,
notadamente para certos grupos dotados de maior passabilidade dentro da
comunidade.This dissertation aims to analyze the relationships between queer theory and legal
science based on the exposition of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of
Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights. In this regard, what is
noticeable is a generalized difficulty in the law in dealing with the queer phenomenon,
perhaps precisely due to the excessive rigidity of legal science and the fact that most of
the existing normative discipline is aimed at protecting the cisheteropatriarchy. The
fragility becomes even more intense when categories such as gender, race and social
class associated with the LGBTQIAPN+ condition are included, calling into question the
legal effectiveness of norms constructed in the context of protecting male, white and
heterosexual people. This drama can be clearly seen when examining the few specific
protection standards and the difficulty in producing binding texts that effectively protect
and provide sufficient strength to protect LGBTQIAPN+ people, hence why it is important
to know, in general terms, how they work the procedures in the International Courts, in
this case, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human
Rights which, each through a central legal route, sometimes equality and non discrimination, sometimes privacy, are building even narrow paths for the protection of
LGBTQIAPN+ people. However, unfortunately, there is still low overall efficiency, despite
promising results, notably for certain groups with greater accessibility within the
community
Bens de família no contrato de alienação fiduciário de imóvel (im)possibilidade de transferência de titularidade para a instituição financeira em caso de inadimplência
Get PDFO trabalho proposto objetiva discorrer sobre a (im)possibilidade, no contrato de
alienação fiduciária, da transferência de titularidade do bem de família para a instituição
financeira em caso de inadimplência, trazendo, para tanto, o entendimento
jurisprudencial sobre o tema, especialmente sob o prisma do Superior Tribunal de
Justiça (STJ). Notadamente no Brasil, em 1990, a Lei nº 8.009, de 29 de março, veio
estabelecer a impenhorabilidade do bem de família, sendo ratificada pelo art. 1.711 do
Código Civil de 2002, que estatui ser impenhorável bem imóvel residencial. Neste
momento, será feito um confronto com o direito português, que confere à casa de
morada de família uma proteção relativa, uma vez que ela não se encontra elencada no
rol de bens impenhoráveis constantes do art. 736º do Código de Processo Civil. Não
obstante, recentemente, com a publicação da Lei nº 13/2016, de 23 de maio, o legislador
lusitano buscou conferir ao bem de família uma maior proteção, com vistas a garantir a
estabilidade familiar, vedando a alienação da casa de morada de família no âmbito das
execuções fiscais. Volvendo ao ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, a alienação fiduciária
de bens imóveis surgiu para resolver os entraves dos direitos reais em garantia, uma
vez que o devedor/fiduciante, com o objetivo de garantia, contrata a transferência ao
credor/fiduciário, no presente caso, a instituição financeira, da propriedade resolúvel de
bem imóvel. Já nos termos do art. 26 da Lei nº 9.514/97, que dispõe sobre o Sistema
de Financiamento Imobiliário, institui a alienação fiduciária de coisa imóvel se a dívida
estiver vencida e não for paga, constituindo, assim, o devedor em mora, consolidar-se á a propriedade do imóvel em nome do credor. Diante dessas disposições, indaga-se
se o contrato de alienação fiduciária em garantia de bem imóvel não se contrapõe aos
preceitos da Constituição Federal de 1988, que estabelece, como princípios basilares,
o da dignidade da pessoa humana (art. 1º, inciso III) e o da proteção da família (art.
226), bem como o da impenhorabilidade do bem de família, esposado no art. 1º da Lei
nº 8.009/90.The proposed work aims to discuss the (im) possibility, in the fiduciary alienation
contract, of the transfer of ownership of the family property to the financial institution in
the event of default, bringing, therefore, the jurisprudential understanding on the subject,
specially under the prism Superior Court of Justice (STJ). Notably in Brazil, in 1990, Law
No. 8,009, of March 29, came to establish the immobilization of the family property, being
ratified by art. 1,711 of the Civil Code of 2002, which states that residential property is
unaffordable. At this time, a confrontation will be made with Portuguese law, which grants
the family home a relative protection, since it is not listed in the list of unseizable goods
contained in art. 736 of the Code of Civil Procedure. However, recently, with the
publication of Law No. 13/2016, of May 23, the Portuguese legislator sought to give the
family welfare greater protection, with a view to guaranteeing family stability, prohibiting
the sale of the family home in the context of tax foreclosures. Returning to the Brazilian
legal system, the fiduciary sale of real estate arose to resolve the obstacles of real rights
in guarantee, since the debtor/trustee, with the purpose of guarantee, contracts the
transfer to the creditor/trustee, in this case, the financial institution, of the resolvable
ownership of real estate. Under the terms of art. 26 of Law No. 9,514/97, which provides
for the Real Estate Financing System, institutes the fiduciary alienation of immovable
property if the debt is due and not paid, thus constituting the debtor in default, the
property will be consolidated of the property in the name of the lender. In view of these
provisions, it is questioned whether the fiduciary sale agreement in guarantee of
immovable property does not contravene the precepts of the Federal Constitution of
1988, which establishes, as basic principles, the dignity of the human person (art. 1, item
III) and the protection of the family (art. 226), as well as the unseizability of the family
property, espoused in art. 1 of Law No. 8.009/90
Convenção Interamericana dos Direitos Humanos [entrada em dicionário]
No full textO sistema interamericano de direitos humanos tem tido um desenvolvimento interessante, como também quanto aos desafios em matéria de direitos humanos com os quais tem de lidar. Apesar de hoje estar plenamente consolidado como um sistema robusto inserido na arquitetura da Organização de Estados Americanos (OEA), o caminho tem sido marcado por uma história de repressão e autoritarismo, que marcaram a América Latina na segunda metade do século XX. Assim, neste contexto regional, o desafio é duplo no que concerne à consolidação de uma cultura de direitos humanos, uma vez que é necessário “romper em definitivo com o legado da cultura autoritária ditatorial e consolidar o regime democrático, com o pleno respeito aos direitos humanos” (PIOVESAN, 2014a, 108)
Life satisfaction, well-being, and happiness in older adults with and without formal support
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Understanding life satisfaction, subjective well-being, and happiness is important for gaining insight into the quality of life of older adults. While these constructs have been extensively researched, there are still gaps in understanding how they vary among older adults living in different arrangements. This study aimed to analyze these differences among older adults living in community settings versus formal contexts such as daycare centers and residential care.Method: The study involved 134 Portuguese older adults from three living settings: those living independently in the community without formal support (37.3%), those in daycare centers (38.1%), and those in residential care (24.6%). Data were collected using the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Personal Well-Being Index, and the Subjective Happiness Scale. Results:The analysis revealed that older adults in the community reported lower life satisfaction and subjective well-being than those in daycare centers and residential care. No significant differences in happiness levels were observed across the different living arrangements. Additionally, the study found no differences in the variables between male and female participants. Positive correlations were found among life satisfaction, subjective well-being, and happiness across the three living settings.Conclusions:The findings emphasize the crucial role of formal support systems in enhancing life satisfaction and well-being among older adults. These systems provide essential social and psychological support, promote engagement, and maintain community involvement, especially for older individuals. Addressing the diverse needs of older adults through comprehensive support can contribute to more effective interventions and policies aimed at promoting successful and healthy aging
Tourists’ views on sustainable heritage management in Porto, Portugal: Balancing heritage preservation and Tourism
Get PDFThis research explores the perceptions of tourists regarding the state and sustainable management of tangible cultural heritage in the city of Porto (Portugal), the destination recognised for its historical and cultural heritage. Porto attracts a growing number of tourists due to its rich heritage, encompassing cultural, architectural, and scenic elements. This rising demand necessitates sustainable management practices to protect the city’s heritage and ensure long-term sustainability. With the increase in tourism and the need to preserve cultural and environmental resources, sustainable management becomes essential to balance economic development and heritage conservation. The study’s main objective is to analyse tourists’ perspectives on the sustainable management of the cultural heritage of the city of Porto. It focuses on analysing current tourism management practices and calls for new strategies to promote sustainability. Structured questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of tourists in strategic locations between January and April 2023, obtaining quantitative data. The sample consists of 264 respondents. The results revealed four main factors, showing that most respondents show a high level of awareness and appreciation of sustainability and its relevance for heritage conservation. Regarding tourism, the majority agree that it contributes positively to the conservation and restoration of the city’s heritage
OqKay: A semi-automatic system approach to question extraction
No full textBasic education teachers carry out routine activities to develop evaluative exercises. In High School, this task must be aligned with entrance exams. Such practice generally demands recurrent research and intensive question selection. In this sense, this study presents the design of a semi-automatic system approach for extracting Enem questions available in internet repositories. The methodology employed web scraping methods to investigate educational materials, gather evidence of contest editions, employ regular expressions to examine the content and organize the data found within the documents. It also stored a repository of questions for utilization in the proposed system. When evaluating the approach, we obtained an acceptance and performance rate of 68.9% of questions extracted assertively. Thus, automating part of the specialized activity required to extract evaluative questions from online repositories is possible
The meaning in loss protocol: A clinical trial of online grief therapy
Get PDFFor a minority of the bereaved, the loss of a significant other can trigger an overwhelming emotional reaction and impaired functioning across life domains, known as prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Hence, ongoing efforts have been made to refine existing treatments to increase their efficacy and to accommodate the idiosyncrasies of grief reactions. This study presents the results of an open clinical trial of the feasibility and effectiveness of the Meaning in Loss (MIL) protocol in an online format. The brief intervention of 12 to 16 sessions combines constructivist and narrative strategies to explore and work through impediments to meaning reconstruction in loss. The sample included 25 participants diagnosed with PGD who were treated by six therapists. Baseline and post-therapy comparisons showed a significant improvement in all clinical measures (grief symptomatology, depression and general distress) and an increase of meaning making regarding the loss. Meaning making was found to be a prospective mediator of symptomatic improvement in grief across the course of therapy. These findings suggest the effectiveness of the MIL protocol in decreasing grief specific and associated symptomatology and argue for the relevance of further controlled evaluations of its efficacy. Moreover, results confirm previous findings that meaning making is a relevant factor in the evolution of grief reactions, including in the context of psychotherapy
Providing informative feedback in a low-cost rehabilitation system using machine learning
No full textRehabilitation is a core process in helping people recover from a wide range of health issues, including injuries and diseases. Although advancements in technology and the use of artificial intelligence have facilitated the development of tools to aid in rehabilitation processes, there is a lack of low-cost solutions that patients, without requiring advanced care, can use at home. In this work, we propose a low-cost intelligent system for lower limb rehabilitation that uses machine learning to provide informative feedback to users. Compared to existing solutions, our system offers the advantage of real-time feedback, informing patients whether they are performing exercises correctly. It also suggests posture corrections to prevent injuries and accelerate the recovery process. Moreover, our system can be used at home on a smartphone, tablet, or personal computer, and does not require patients to purchase additional devices, which is a significant benefit. The system includes four exercises: Squat, Romanian Deadlift, Glute Bridge, and Donkey Kick. Validation tests with end-users reinforced the usability of this system and confirmed the importance of real-time feedback. The results were also useful for identifying areas for improvement, particularly with the Squat exercise, which is among the more challenging exercises to perform correctly
The potential of wine tourism in the innovation processes of tourism experiences in the Canary Islands: An approach to the case of the Canary Brand
Get PDFThe braided cord vineyard management system of the La Orotava Valley (Canary Islands, Spain) is a unique technique in the world that has been developed in the northern area of the island of Tenerife since the introduction of the first strains from Europe after the conquest of the Canary Islands and that synthesizes the unique wine cultural landscape of the territory. The future sustainability of this landscape seems to be inescapably linked to policies in favour of environmental, social and economic development, primarily through wine tourism. To do this, the methodology addresses the opinions of 16 in-depth interviews of key informants from the sector to understand this cultural landscape’s degree of use and enhancement. The results indicate significant progress in the revaluation and sustainability of the braided cord system (BCS) as part of the public–private strategy in search of its recognition as a BIC. Likewise, the winery sector recognizes the need to move towards a management model for the wine sector of the La Orotava Valley, where wine tourism has a more significant role, that seems to be closed based on the projects and initiatives under development