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O casamento infantil no Brasil e a proteção da infância: Negação de direitos ou ausência de direitos?
Get PDFO Brasil é um dos países com maior taxa de casamentos precoces, ou seja, de casamentos de crianças e adolescentes. Embora seja um país com legislação avançada no que diz respeito à proteção da infância, inclusive com leis para combater o casamento infantil, há alguns marcos regulatórios que precisam ser esclarecidos ou mais bem definidos, sob pena de serem negados direitos às crianças. O objetivo deste estudo é destacar a complexidade do problema do casamento infantil no Brasil e a necessidade de uma abordagem multifacetada para combatê-lo. As medidas estritamente jurídicas estão longe de se impor contra os casamentos formais e ainda mais longe de combaterem os informais que vivem à margem da Lei. As razões subjacentes ao casamento infantil são variadas, como constatamos por meio do estudo de caso realizado com famílias de Campinas assistidas pela Sociedade Educativa de Trabalho e Assistência (SETA) e inferimos que a concretização da proteção integral da criança exige a sensibilização e intervenção de todos os setores da sociedade. Há necessidade de continuar o incentivo à políticas públicas eficazes que ajudem a adotar parâmetros para prevenir o casamento infantil
A scheduling optimization approach to reduce outpatient waiting times for specialists
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Long waiting times for outpatient care remain a global challenge for public health systems. In Portugal, the National Health Service (NHS) ensures universal access to medical treatment, aiming to promote equity in healthcare. However, persistent delays in outpatient speciality appointments hinder this objective. Methods: This study proposes a prioritization-scheduling approach that integrates a mathematical model with a heuristic method to enhance accessibility in NHS hospitals. By optimizing the available capacity of hospitals within each geographic area, the model efficiently sequences patient appointments across different facilities, prioritizing those who have waited the longest. The approach was tested using simulated instances based on real NHS hospital data. Results: Results indicate that the model effectively integrates hospital resources within a region and efficiently allocates specialist appointments, significantly reducing waiting times. Conclusions: This research introduces a promising strategy that, when incorporated into a decision support system, can serve as a valuable tool for healthcare management
Cognitive performance among older adults with subjective cognitive decline
Get PDFObjectives: The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate if there are significant differences in cognition between a group of older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and cognitively intact controls. Methods: An initial sample of 132 older people underwent an extensive neuropsychological evaluation (memory, executive functions, and language) and were classified according to diagnostic criteria. Two groups of 33 subjects each, controls and SCD, were formed using an a priori case-matching procedures in different variables: age, biological sex, years of education, cognitive reserve, and Mini-Mental State Exam. Results: The mean age and standard deviation in the control group were equal to 70.39 ± 4.31 years, while in the SCD group, they were 70.30 ± 4.33 years. The number of males (n = 9) and females (n = 24) was equal in both groups; the means of years of education were also quite similar. SCD participants have a significantly lower mood than the controls. Significant differences between groups were obtained in delayed recall, inhibitory control, and comprehension of sentences not fitted to canonical word order in Spanish. A logistic regression revealed that a lower score on the Stroop’s interference condition is associated with a higher likelihood of having SCD. Finally, ROC analysis provided a model that performs better than random chance, and a cut-off score in Stroop’s interference condition equal to 49 was suggested for clinically differentiating the two groups. Conclusions: This study highlights that, compared to a matched control group, participants with SCD showed subtle but significant neuropsychological differences
Introducing the Hyperdynamic Adaptive Learning Fusion (HALF) model for superior predictive analytics in E-learning
No full textToday’s complex world is defined by digital changes in educational paradigms to which E-learning has contributed significantly, and as such, accurate prediction methods are needed for student performance modeling. In this paper a new and complex model is proposed, namely the Hyperdynamic Adaptive Learning Fusion (HALF) model that leverages adaptive computing paradigms and artificial intelligence to build a fusion of learning that adapts to the new learning patterns. Many conventional predictive models employ linear and simplistic relationships to predict an outcome from an input; hence, they fail to decompose complex and heterogenic data patterns of educational data and also suffer from scalability issues for dealing with large volumes of data. To overcome these issues, the HALF model employs the relevant ensemble learning algorithms that consist of bagging, boosting, and an innovative adaptive fusion strategy that integrates base and adaptive models to achieve higher accuracy and resilience in the latter. In doing so, and by adopting the scientific method of working on trials and errors and rigorous assessment employing a database derived from the Open University VLE, the investigation presented in this paper provides compelling evidence of the HALF model’s superior efficacy, which yields an accuracy of 87%. 2%, precision of 85. 4% It has been proved that 3% of all students have significant learning disabilities, while the recall value is 89. 1%, surpassing traditional methods. The model’s equation can be easily applied to any variety of courses and of students, which makes it highly beneficial to educators and administrators; at the same time, the model is highly interpretable. Therefore, HALF model proves to be a revolutionary addition to the current kind of statistical modeling in E-learning that depicts student engagement pattern into more precise and accurate form, reduce biases in all way possible and provides solution that might help to improve the course outcome. The next steps will consist in optimizing the architectural properties of the model as well as the model’s capacity to be scaled, and more generally in learning about the model’s possibilities and limitations across different learning environments
The Shared City: Housing and Tourism in the Metropolitan Areas of Lisbon and Porto
Get PDFThis document presents the initial developments of a research work on sustainable housing and tourism beyond the urban centers of Lisbon and Porto’s metropolitan areas. The preliminary data are taken from the last three Portuguese censuses carried out in the first two decades of the 21st century, in 2001, 2011 and 2021. Maintaining the balance between housing and tourism is a challenge in the governance of these two major cities
Digital accessibility in Art Museum Webpages and Virtual Tours
No full textThis article delves into the crucial and significant issue of digital accessibility on the websites of some of the world’s most visited and renowned art museums and their virtual tour counterparts. The central objective and our guiding question are to explore the impact of digital adaptation, facilitated by technological innovation, on the infoaccessibility of virtual visit web pages. We aim to determine whether these digital adaptations outperform the pages that inform and publicize the respective museums for those who plan to visit in person. Our quantitative and qualitative analysis of the digital accessibility of the museums under study was conducted to ascertain if the web content adheres to the accessibility requirements outlined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), as stipulated in Directive (EU) 2016/2102 of the European Parliament and in the European Standard EN 17161:2019. The final analysis revealed some shortcomings, as several pages do not fully comply with the principles of virtual accessibility. Notably, we found that virtual visit pages of museums generally underperform compared to information pages for in-person visits, although there are exceptions to this trend. These findings have the potential to significantly impact the digital accessibility of art museum websites and virtual tours
Marketing relacional e notoriedade da marca Creative Toys Portugal
Get PDFO presente relatório tem como principal objetivo descrever de forma detalhada
todo o trabalho e atividades desenvolvidas durante o Estágio Curricular inserido
no segundo ano do Mestrado em Marketing e Negócios Digitais da Universidade
Portucalense Infante D. Henrique. A Unidade Curricular Estágio, que integra o
plano curricular deste mestrado, foi realizada na empresa Creative Toys e
decorreu entre 12 de outubro de 2023 e 30 de junho de 2024, em regime
presencial e Home Office, a full-time, sob a supervisão da Dra. Ana Sofia
Amorim.
Este relatório visa apresentar e expor a experiência de estágio, com um foco
especial no tema “Marketing Relacional e Notoriedade da Marca”. A análise inclui
a avaliação do marketing praticado pela empresa e da notoriedade da marca,
baseada na experiência adquirida ao longo do estágio.
Para a elaboração deste relatório, foi adotada uma metodologia que inclui duas
fases principais:
Revisão da Literatura: A primeira fase consistiu numa revisão da literatura que
abrangeu tanto os conteúdos teóricos quanto práticos relacionados ao marketing
relacional e à notoriedade da marca. Esta revisão foi essencial para fornecer o
suporte teórico necessário e contextualizar as atividades realizadas durante o
estágio. Descrição e Análise das Atividades: A segunda fase envolveu a
descrição detalhada das atividades desenvolvidas ao longo dos seis meses de
estágio. Foram documentadas as tarefas realizadas, as experiências obtidas e
as reflexões sobre a aplicação prática dos conceitos teóricos.
A metodologia de investigação também se baseou na análise da importância
crescente do marketing digital, com uma ênfase particular no marketing
relacional e na sua relevância para a notoriedade da marca. O relatório limita-se
a descrever e analisar a experiência obtida durante o estágio na Creative Toys.
Uma das principais limitações é o fato da empresa representar uma amostra
relativamente pequena em comparação com os seus concorrentes. No entanto, esta experiência proporciona uma base sólida para futuras pesquisas e práticas
no campo do marketing relacional e da notoriedade da marca. No que diz
respeito às implicações práticas, especialmente num mundo onde o digital está
em tudo o que fazemos, torna-se vital refletir sobre uma série de temas que são
essenciais para o sucesso de qualquer empresa nesta área. Assim, a exploração
de assuntos como marketing digital, comunicação online, redes sociais e
marketing de influência revela-se extremamente pertinente para as empresas de
hoje.
Percebemos que estas áreas não são apenas uma opção, mas uma necessidade
para qualquer organização que deseja manter-se relevante e competitiva em
mercados que já estão bem estabelecidos e cheios de desafios.The main purpose of this report is to describe in detail all the work and activities carried
out during the Curricular Internship in the second year of the master’s degree in
marketing and digital business at Universidade Portucalense Infante D. Henrique. The
Internship Curricular Unit, which is part of this master's degree curricular plan, was
carried out at the Creative Toys company and took place between October 12, 2023,
and June 30, 2024, in person and at the Home Office, full-time, under the supervision of
Dr. Ana Sofia Amorim.
This report aims to present and explain the internship experience, with a special focus
on the topic of “Relationship Marketing and Brand Awareness”. The analysis includes an
evaluation of the marketing practiced by the company and of brand awareness, based
on the experience acquired during the internship.
To prepare this report, a methodology was adopted which includes two main phases:
Literature Review: The first phase consisted of a literature review covering both
theoretical and practical content related to relationship marketing and brand awareness.
This review was essential for providing the necessary theoretical support and
contextualizing the activities carried out during the internship. Description and Analysis
of Activities: The second phase involved a detailed description of the activities carried
out over the eight months of the internship. The tasks carried out, the experiences gained
and reflections on the practical application of theoretical concepts were documented.
The research methodology was also based on an analysis of the growing importance of
digital marketing, with a particular emphasis on relationship marketing and its relevance
to brand awareness. The report is limited to describing and analyzing the experience
gained during the internship at Creative Toys. One of the main limitations is the fact that
the company represents a relatively small sample compared to its competitors. However,
this experience provides a solid basis for future research and practice in the field of
relationship marketing and brand awareness. As far as the practical implications are
concerned, especially in a world where digital is in everything we do, it becomes vital to
reflect on several themes that are essential to the success of any company in this area.
Thus, exploring subjects such as digital marketing, online communication, social media
and influencer marketing proves to be extremely relevant for today's companies. We realize that these areas are not just an option, but a necessity for any organization
that wants to remain relevant and competitive in markets that are already well
established and full of challenges
Financial literacy, financial knowledge, and financial behaviors in OECD countries
Get PDFAs an integral part of financial inclusion, adequate and correct financial knowledge provides individuals with tools to achieve better financial performance throughout their lives. Financial knowledge also contributes to agents exhibiting financial behaviors. As there is consensus in the literature regarding the benefits of financial literacy, we decided to investigate the importance of several indicators that generally appear to explain this literacy in a set of twenty OECD countries, considering financial literacy, financial knowledge, and financial behavior. Using estimation through corrected heteroscedasticity, the results show that the completion of higher education contributes positively and significantly to financial literacy and financial knowledge and behaviors. Inequality in access to health and education, as well as the level of household debt, negatively impacts financial literacy and knowledge. Still, on the other hand, progression in human development contributes to progression in literacy and financial behavior. In terms of average income, it can be seen that it contributes to literacy and financial behavior, but surprisingly, public spending on education does not impact financial literacy
Proteção de dados de crianças e adolescentes à luz do Direito Internacional
Get PDFA inserção dados pessoais no meio virtual ganhou valor econômico, pois permite direcionar conteúdos e anúncios de acordo como os usuários se movimentam e agem no ambiente virtual. Diante desse contexto os países regularam e fiscalizaram o espaço virtual com finalidade de proteger os dados pessoais e o tratamento dos dados. Ocorre que dentre os usuários das redes há um grupo vulnerável que merece inegável atenção, as crianças e os adolescentes, pois assim como no mundo físico expressam fragilidade e o uso inadequado dos seus dados pode atrair consequências negativas para o futuro. Discute-se nesse trabalho como é possível garantir proteção efetiva aos dados pessoais das crianças e adolescentes no ambiente virtual dentro do contexto de proteção de dados do direito brasileiro. Para isso, foi utilizado o método hipotético-dedutivo partindo da hipótese provisória de que a ausência de uma cultura de proteção de dados é um dos obstáculos para a proteção dos dados desse grupo. Assim, desenvolvendo a pesquisa a partir dessa premissa, foi analisado a forma como o direito a proteção de dados é disciplinada no Brasil e na legislação internacional, bem como os programas utilizados em alguns países para efetivar a proteção de dados no mundo virtual. A partir da análise das legislações e programas sobre o tema, conclui-se que é necessária uma atuação conjunta da família, Estado, instituições privadas que tratam sobre proteção de dados das crianças e das empresas que fornecem serviços online para que se desenvolva uma cultura protetiva a longo prazo, o que não exclui a necessidade de atuação ativa desses entes a curto prazo.Personal data in the virtual environment has gained remarkable economic value, as they allow to direct content and ads according to how users act in the virtual environment. Given this context, legal systems began to regulate and oversee the virtual space to protect personal data. Among network users there is a vulnerable group that deserves undeniable attention, children and adolescents. This social group remains under development and can benefit from the benefits of the worldwide computer network. However, as in the physical world, children are also vulnerable in the virtual environment, as inappropriate use of personal data of children and adolescents can have negative consequences in their future life, so their insertion in the virtual universe requires special protection. Thus, it is discussed in this work how is it possible to ensure effective protection to the personal data of children and adolescents in the virtual environment within the context of data protection of Brazilian law? For this, the hypothetical-deductive method was used from the provisional hypothesis that the absence of a data protection culture is one of the obstacles to the effective protection of the data of this group. Thus, developing the research from this premise, it was analyzed how the right to data protection is disciplined in Brazil and in international legislation, as well as the programs used in some countries to effect data protection in the virtual world. From the analysis of legislation and programs on the subject, it is concluded that a joint action of the family, state, private institutions that deal with data protection of children and companies that provide online services to develop a culture of Long -term data protection, which does not exclude the need for active acts in the short term.
Keyword
Violência doméstica. A (in)coerência da natureza pública
No full textA violência doméstica continua a ser um fenómeno preocupante, com elevado número de participações, maioritariamente envolvendo vítimas do sexo feminino. Este crime, de natureza complexa, assume diversas formas e está associado a múltiplos fatores sociais, culturais e individuais.
Destaca-se as sucessivas alterações quanto à sua natureza processual até à sua fixação como crime público. Evidenciando-se a discussão doutrinal e jurisprudencial sobre o bem jurídico tutelado, definido como pluriofensivo.
Discute-se a possibilidade de retorno à natureza semipública do crime, permitindo maior intervenção da vítima, nomeadamente através da suspensão provisória do processo e da aplicação da Justiça Restaurativa. Abordam-se também os desafios relacionados com as declarações para memória futura e a recusa de depoimento, destacando-se propostas de ajustamento legislativo. Por fim, critica-se a eficácia do sistema penal atual, que se tem revelado insuficiente na proteção e reparação das vítimas, defendendo-se uma reforma ampla que privilegie a prevenção, a escuta ativa das partes e a autonomia da vítima na decisão de prosseguir com a ação penal.ABSTRAT
Domestic violence remains a concerning phenomenon, with a high number of reports, mostly involving female victims. This complex crime takes on various forms and is linked to multiple social, cultural, and individual factors.
The procedural nature of the crime has undergone several changes, culminating in its classification as a public crime. Doctrinal and jurisprudential debates persist regarding the protected legal interest, commonly defined as plurioffensive in nature.
This study discusses the possibility of reverting to a semi-public classification of the crime, allowing for greater victim participation, particularly through the mechanism of provisional suspension of proceedings and the application of restorative justice. Challenges related to statements for future memory and the victim’s right to refuse testimony are also examined, alongside proposals for legislative adjustments. Finally, the effectiveness of the current criminal justice system is questioned, as it has proven insufficient in protecting and redressing victims, supporting a comprehensive reform focused on prevention, active listening, and victim autonomy in pursuing criminal proceedings