Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Books
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Change Management and Innovation: A Case of Safaricom PLC and Yahoo Inc. Limited
No full textFor organizations operating in today’s ever-changing business environment, change is not only inevitable and unstoppable, but it is also one of the most critical success factors for any organization. Several factors influence change within organizations. These include fierce competition, innovation, unprecedented global crises, changing consumer trends, globalization, technological advancements, changes in internal and external laws and policies, and operational changes within the organization, among others. Faced with the urgency of change in their daily operations, organizations that can’t adapt and seize growth opportunities are likely to be surpassed by agile competitors, hence they may incur losses or even fall completely if they cannot keep up with the competition. In light of this, organizational change can bring both negative and positive impacts on the performance of organizations, hence the need to manage it effectively. Managing change effectively is still a big challenge for many organizations today. For this reason, preparing for change effectively should be a top priority for all organizational managers as it plays a critical role in the performance of an organization. It can either elevate it or lead it to its downfall. This paper, therefore, undertakes a critical evaluation of the change management concept, including an understanding of what the concept entails in terms of its definition, and the core principles and models that constitute the subject matter and its relation to innovation. The paper further explores the success factors for change management as well as the critical factors that may contribute to its poor implementation. Lastly, drawing from both global and local examples, the paper analyzes some real-life success and failure stories of enterprises that attempted the change management process.
Keywords: Change Management, Innovation, Safaricom PLC, Yahoo Inc.
 
Effects of Strategic Management Practices on Financial Performance of Small-Scale Pig Farmers in Kiambu County, Kenya
No full textThe study examined how strategic management practices influence the financial performance of small-scale pig farmers in Kiambu County, addressing the underperformance caused by challenges and the lack of well-defined strategies in the pig-production value chain. It explored three key objectives: to assess the effects of strategic planning, strategy implementation, and monitoring and evaluation on the financial performance of small-scale pig farming enterprises. These objectives were designed to provide insights into the role of strategic management in addressing the challenges faced by farmers and to offer practical solutions for improving their competitiveness and financial sustainability. The study was anchored on three key theories: Profit and Value Maximization Theory, the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Porter’s Generic Strategies model. The study employed a survey research design where data was collected in the field from six sub-counties. From a population of 750 pig farmers, a sample of 87 was obtained by stratified random sampling. Data was collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires with a reliability coefficient value of 0.85. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that all three independent variables (Strategy Planning, Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation) had statistically significant effects on financial performance with beta values 0.404, 0.112, and 0.739 (p<0.05). The study concludes that strategic management practices, including planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation, significantly improve the financial performance of small-scale pig farmers in Kiambu County. The study recommends that pig farmers should adopt structured strategic planning, invest in modern implementation tools, and conduct regular monitoring and evaluation to enhance financial outcomes. Policymakers should develop supportive policies, provide training, and improve infrastructure to support pig farming enterprises. Stakeholders should collaborate with farmers to implement sustainable practices and offer mentorship programs. Academia should expand research to other regions, explore additional aspects of strategic management, and validate findings using alternative performance measures.
Keywords: Strategic Planning, Strategic Implementation, Strategic Management and Evaluation, Keny
Project Risk Management and Project Success of Rice Production in Rwanda; A Case of Rice Cooperatives of Bugesera District (2019-2022)
No full textThe study investigated the effect of project risk management on success of rice production in Rwanda in a case of Rice Cooperatives of Bugesera District. This research achieved the following objectives : To determine the effect of risk identification on rice project success in Bugesera district ; to assess the effect of crop insurance on rice project success in Bugesera district; to analyze the effect of livestock insurance on rice project success in Bugesera district and to establish the effect of investment cost insurance on rice project success in Bugesera district. The study utilized a case study method to investigate project risk management and rice production success in Rwanda, employing both descriptive survey and correlation designs to analyze characteristics and interpret data respectively. Both quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (interviews) methods were used for data collection and analysis. The study targeted a total population of 162 employees from cooperatives in the Bugesera district, using a census inquiry method for sampling where the entire population served as the sample size. Data collection involved both primary and secondary sources, and data analysis was performed using SPSS and Excel to generate summary statistics, frequency tables, charts, and regression coefficients to clearly present the findings. Multiple regression analysis was also conducted to delve deeper into the data. The results indicated that project risk management have positive and significant effect on project success of rice production (β1= 0.376, t= 3.514, p = 0.002<0.05; β2= 0.243, t=2.382, p =0.023<0.05; β3= 0.267, t= 0.317, p = 0.003<0.05; β4= 0.29, t= 4.83, p = 0.29<0.05), respectively. This shows that 1 per cent increase in project risk management will lead to 0.376, 0.243, 0.267 and 0.29 percent increase on project success of rice production. The study found that all hypotheses tested were rejected, indicating that there is a significant effect of risk identification, crop insurance, livestock insurance, and investment cost insurance on the success of rice projects in Bugesera district. The study concludes that agricultural insurance has low effectiveness as a risk management tool in Rwanda, due to factors such as lack of knowledge, high premium costs, and insufficient number of potential client farmers. In addition, it is concluded that Rwanda's agricultural sector is highly exposed to weather risks, with most farmers practicing rainfed agriculture. The study recommends that joint efforts are required to increase the effectiveness of agricultural insurance as a risk management tool. This includes strengthening public education and training in agricultural insurance, addressing problems that prevent registration, and introducing insurance as a subject in secondary school
Relationship between Charismatic Leadership and implementation of Change Management strategies in Private Secondary Schools in Nairobi County
No full textCharisma is characterized by vision and a sense of mission, instilling pride and gaining respect and trust in a group. The purpose of this study is to examine and explore the relationship between charismatic leadership and the implementation of change management strategies in private secondary schools in Nairobi County. This study attempts to explicate and test the key role of charismatic leadership in bringing and implementing change in organizations. A test of the hypotheses was done using bivariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study targeted the principals, teachers and school administrators from 28 private secondary schools. The study used both probability and non-probability sampling procedures. The sample size of this study were five hundred and thirteen (n=513) respondents. The study collected data from teachers and school administrators using questionnaires, and from principals using interview guides. Questionnaires were distributed both physically and through emails. The research instruments were tested by two experts for content, trustworthiness and face validity, and another test was done for data reliability. Data were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative data analysis approaches following the research questions. For quantitative data, descriptive and inferential statistics was used for analysis; Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26 was used to code data and conduct analysis. From the analysis, the study concluded that charismatic leadership has an effect on the implementation of change management strategies in the private secondary schools. The study recommended that top management need to encourage employees to share their opinion and be part of every creative process in the private secondary schools.
Key Words: Charismatic Leadership, Implementation of change management strategies, private secondary school
The Use of Information and Communication Technology English in Colleges' of Education in Ghana: The Case of Upper West Region
No full textThe use of information and communication technology English equip student-teachers with the necessary pedagogical knowledge and terminologies to function well in their teaching career. The purpose of this study is to expose student-teachers to the right expressions in relation to ICT-English to adequately prepare them to excel in the teaching of ICT and the English language in order to meet the needs of the 21st century learners. Most of the researchers have focused on the pedagogical relevance of ICT-English language to teachers of English language to the neglect of the impact of ICT-English on the learners. In order to better meet the demands of the existing markets, common knowledge of the global language (ICT English) is believed to play a crucial role in more successful transactions internationally. In today's world, globalization and competitiveness has put more emphasis on preparing students (future specialists) to be innovative, think critically and effectively solve the world's problems. This paper equips students with the historical background of ICT, literature review, the needs, specialist discourse, materials, findings and conclusions. The researcher relied on mixed methodology and used questionnaire and interview guide as tools for the data collection. There is no field in this modern age that does not use ICT. We can even say that every establishment today depends largely on the use of ICT. Hence, education in any field would be incomplete without ICT knowledge. As such, ICT language and for that matter ICT English, has become a prerequisite skill to our development. Findings show that most the student –teachers now have mastery of phrasal verbs that have been formed through the combination of ICT terminologies with a verb and a preposition or adverb, or both. Most colleges of education employ the use of sophisticated ICT equipment and have in their custody projectors, laptops, mobile phones and drives.
Keywords: Information, Communication, Technology, ICT English, Student-teacher
Effect of Class Size on the Academic Performance of Students in Mathematics in Public Day Schools in Musanze District
No full textThis paper explored the effect of class size effects and students’ academic performance in Mathematics subject in public day Schools in Rwanda” A case of Musanze district’’. Specifically, the study attempted to determine the effect of class attendance on academic performance of mathematics subject in public day schools in Rwanda, to analyze the effect of classroom seating arrangement on academic performance of mathematics subject in public day schools in Rwanda and to establish the effect of classroom learning environment on academic performance of mathematics subject in public day schools in Rwanda. This study adopted a descriptive research design using a mixed methods research design; a combination of both quantitative and qualitative forms of research. The target population for this study was the educational practitioners in the district who includes Students, teachers, head teachers and Sector Education officer in the district. Thus the total population was 1600 participants. Sample random technique was used to sample 320 respondents taken as a sample size. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis. Analysis of data was aided by statistical packages for social science (SPSS) version 21 and output exported to micro soft word in form of pie charts and tables for the purpose of reporting. From the findings, the study revealed the Pearson correlation analysis showed that class attendance (r=0.814, p=0.000) is positively and significantly related to students’ academic performance. The correlation was deemed to be statistically significant since the p-value was less than 5%. Similarly, the Pearson correlation for classroom seating arrangement (r=0.715, p=0.000) is also positively and significantly related to the supply chain performance. The correlation was also statistically significant since the p-value was less than 5%. Lastly, the Pearson correlation for classroom learning environment (r=0.794, p=0.000) is positively and significantly related to the students’ academic performance. The correlation was also statistically significant since the p-value was less than 5%. Finally, the study recommended that to ensure a more meaningful academic performance among the students, small class sizes are needed to improve the interaction between teachers and students. It is therefore pertinent that the management of the schools studied pay attention to the class sizes as pertained in their schools to ensure good academic performance.
Keywords: Class size, community, class attendance, classroom seating, academic performanc
Teacher Turnover and Student Learning in Primary Schools in Novena, Singapore
No full textThe school system is vulnerable to the loss of skilled instructors due to high rates of teacher turnover. Teacher turnover can have significant implications for educational institutions and the learning experiences of students. Long-term relationships between students and their teachers are vital for creating a supportive and engaging learning environment. . Students may struggle with adjusting to new teachers and coping with the changes, potentially impacting their emotional well-being. Frequent turnover disrupts the ability to implement and sustain long-term improvement strategies, hindering the overall progress of the school. The study employed the descriptive research design. The target population was 40 Primary Schools in Novena, Singapore. The study did sampling of 30 respondents that were selected from the target population of 40 Primary Schools in Novena, Singapore. The collection of data was conducted through stratified random sampling whereby questionnaires were used to gather data. The study concluded that teacher turnover can negatively affect student learning in several ways since frequent changes in teaching staff can lead to a loss of instructional continuity. Each teacher brings their unique teaching style, rapport with students, and knowledge base. When teachers leave, it takes time for new teachers to adjust, understand the needs of their students, and develop effective teaching strategies. New teachers may require additional support and training, which could impact the overall quality of instruction and potentially lead to gaps in students' understanding. The study recommended that schools should focus on implementing effective strategies to attract and retain highly qualified and motivated teachers. Developing comprehensive induction and mentorship programs for new teachers can help them acclimate to the school environment, curriculum, and teaching practices more effectively. Pairing new teachers with experienced mentors can provide valuable guidance, support, and opportunities for collaboration.
Keywords: Teacher Turnover, Student Learning, Primary Schools, Singapor
Influence of Internal Control Systems on Governance among Parastatals in Taiwan
No full textThe study sought to examine the influence of internal control systems on governance among parastatals in Taiwan. The research used the descriptive research design. The target population were 15 parastatals in Songshan District, Taiwan. The study picked 20 respondents from each of the parastatals yielding to sample size of 300. Questionnaires were used to collect data and reliability and validity of the research instruments were conducted. SPSS was used to do the analysis of the data. The findings of the study indicated that internal control systems have a positive effect on governance among parastatals in Taiwan. Internal control systems also contribute to the efficient and effective use of resources in parastatals. By implementing controls for financial management, budgeting, and resource allocation, these systems promote prudent and responsible use of resources. Effective resource utilization allows parastatals to optimize their performance, deliver public services more efficiently, and achieve their objectives effectively. Furthermore, internal control systems enhance risk management within parastatals. To enhance the influence of internal control systems on governance among parastatals in Taiwan, several recommendations can be made. Firstly, it is crucial to establish comprehensive internal control policies and procedures tailored specifically to the needs of parastatals, outlining control objectives and responsibilities. Secondly, regular training programs should be implemented to enhance the knowledge and skills of employees involved in governance and internal controls. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of internal control systems are important, along with reporting and addressing control deficiencies. Collaboration and information sharing among parastatals can promote best practices, while fostering a culture of ethics and integrity through a code of conduct is essential. These recommendations aim to strengthen governance practices, ensure consistency, and promote transparency and accountability within parastatals.
Keywords: Internal Control Systems, Governance, Parastatals, Taiwa
Community Policing Involvement in the Fight Against Narcotics Use Among Youth in Rwanda
No full textThis study aimed to ascertain the implication of community policing in the fight against narcotics use among youth in Rwanda. It was guided by three specific objectives: to assess community policing involvement in decision-making against narcotics use among youth, to evaluate community policing inclusivity in the fight against narcotics use among youth, and to examine community policing capacity to fight against narcotic use among youth. The study employed a descriptive research design. The mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative was used to collect quantitative data using a questionnaire to 124 respondents and qualitative data by use of focus group. A sample size of 292 respondents was calculated using the Slovin’s Formula. The sample size was selected using purposeful sampling method among Police members, Kicukiro District officials, Community Policing Members, narcotics users in the rehabilitation process or rehabilitated, and partners. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics by the help of SPSS 21.0 version and descriptive data visualization tools employed in forms frequency tables and cross tabulations. The descriptive results of the objectives indicated a big number of respondents agreed that community policing is involved in decision-making against narcotics use among youth and they agreed that community policing is inclusive in the Kicukiro District. However, the respondents disagreed that community policing has enough capacity to fight against narcotics use among youth. The correlation analysis results supported the descriptive results by revealing that community policing involvement in decision-making, the inclusivity of community policing and its capacity play a positive and significant role in the fight against narcotics use among youth. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended to government of Rwanda and partners to improve the effectiveness of community policing involvement in the fight against narcotics use among youth by arising its capacity in terms of financial resources, equipment, skilled human resources, and sustainable technology.
Keywords: Community Policing Involvement, Narcotics Use, Youth, Rwand
Stakeholder’ Engagement and Sustainability of Donor-Funded Rehabilitation Centers in Kiambu County, Kenya
No full textAllowing stakeholders to set the vision of a project and prioritizing results will enable them to possess the appropriate ideas throughout planning with the results remaining relevant to them during the project cycle. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of stakeholders’ engagement on the sustainability of donor-funded rehabilitation centers in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Stakeholder and Arnstein’s Participatory Theories. Descriptive research design was adopted and the targeted population was composed of 400 employees working in donor-funded rehabilitation centers in Kiambu County. The researcher used a stratified random sampling technique and a sample of 200 individuals participated in the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the results analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Linear regression analysis was adopted and the outcome showed that donor-funded projects succeed when functional stakeholders are included. Additionally, a project's long-term viability is influenced by the resources that underpin it, and by the amount of interest and involvement from its stakeholders. The study recommends that the National and County Governments in Kiambu County should establish laws that control the execution of sustainability for donor-funded projects and invest in stakeholders to guarantee accountable use of funds. During the period of implementation, those in charge of projects should make it a priority to ensure that all relevant stakeholders have access to the resources they need to engage fully in the initiatives. There has to be a mental shift on the part of those who stand to benefit from the donor initiatives as well as the society as a whole. In order to adhere to study ethics, the researcher requested approval from Kenyatta University, National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation and the management of the rehabilitation centers in Kiambu County. Additionally, the data gathered will only be used for academic reasons, anonymity and confidentiality adhered to and the references and works used in the paper are acknowledged.
Keywords: Stakeholders, Donors, Donor-Funded, Sustainability, Rehabilitation Center