Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Books
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Misdiagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder As Conduct Disorder in A Bullying Context
No full textMisdiagnosis misinforms treatments and results in undesired outcomes in clinical and psychiatric practices. Such incidences are common in psychiatric spaces and clinics, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) misdiagnosis for Conduct Disorder (CD) emerging as a common occurrence. This case critiques ADHD’s misdiagnosis for CD in a 13-year-old Indian-American, unveiling the effects of environmental stressors, bullying and racial discrimination on the symptoms of ADHD. A 13-year-old Indian-American attends a special education facility and faces racial discrimination. The rejection on the school bus in the morning and the classroom provoked aggression and hyperreaction. The racial discrimination and environmental factors aggravated CD symptoms, prompting a misdiagnosis of ADHD as CD. The Indian-American boy was bullied by White peers. His teachers complicated the case by providing inaccurate information about the boy’s behaviour. This information misled the diagnosis and, hence, treatment. The DSM-V diagnostic model was used to diagnose the boy’s condition. The bullied Indian-American boy responded to the environmental stimuli through hyperactivity, and aggression by bringing a toy gun to school. He pointed the gun at the tormentor as a response to the stimuli, replicating the environmental influence on his actions. Even though inaccurate, this would be the teacher’s basis of narratives about the boy’s behaviour. In response, peer group therapy and amphetamine were indicated to the boy as treatments against CD. This case underscores the importance of a thorough psychiatric evaluation that considers environmental and psychosocial factors, especially in culturally and racially diverse populations. The Indian-American boy underwent peer group therapy to enhance problem resolution and amphetamine treatment to alleviate psychosocial problems. By mocking his tormentors, his teacher thought that the boy was in full-blown conduct disorder. Racial discrimination and bullying on the bus significantly exacerbated his actions, which led to the misdiagnosis. Based on the teacher’s misinformation and other factors, the boy’s ADHD was confused for CD.
Keywords: ADHD Misdiagnosis, Conduct Disorder, Bullying Context, Pediatric Behavioral Disorders, Differential Diagnosi
An Exploration of Unique Mental Health Challenges and Resilience Factors within the LGBTQ+ Community: A Systematic Review
No full textMental health challenges in the LGBTQ+ community pressing issues as it impact the overall health status. Despite the concerns raised on the discrimination, bias and stereotypes, new challenges arise, implicating challenges to the health sector. The present review of evidence focuses on the resilience factors and the unique mental health challenges faced by members of the LGBTQ+ community. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) were used to identify, select, appraise and synthesize evidence in the present review, whereas the Sample, phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation and Research type (SPIDER) protocol guided the selection of eligible studies to be reviewed. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence about the unique mental health challenges and resilience factors within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQ+) community. Initial article search was limited to English publications and performed on electronic databases, including Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, and Web of Science. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to examine the risk of bias in the individual studies. Risk of bias assessment was performed on the domains, including due to the randomization process, bias due to deviations from intended interventions, bias due to missing outcome data, bias in the measurement of the outcomes, bias in the selection of the reported result, and the overall risk of bias, reflecting the overall risk of bias of the included studies. A qualitative synthesis of results was considered in the present systematic review. The evidence was contrasted and compared against the existing knowledge and theoretical orientation. The present review found that poor dissemination of interventions and implementations are unique mental health challenges among the LGBTQ+ community. The poor implementation and dissemination of interventions substantiate psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts and deteriorates quality of life. The web or internet-based implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy emerged as effective resilience factor in the management of mental conditions among members of the LGBTQ+ community.
Keywords: LGBTQ+, mental health, treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, resilience factors, anxiety, depression, and intervention
The Effect of Monitoring and Evaluation Practices on the Performance of Projects: A Case of Children Survival Project Implemented by Compassion International Kigali, Rwanda
No full textThe general objective of this study was to assess the effect of monitoring and evaluation practices on the performance of children survival projects in Compassion International Kigali. The study had the following specific objectives: establish the effect of the M&E planning process on the performance of the children survival project in Kigali; examine the effect of communication in M&E on the performance of the children's survival project in Kigali; find out the effect of human resource capacity in M&E on the performance of the children survival project in Kigali; and assess the effect of M&E stakeholders’ involvement on the performance of the children's survival project in Kigali. The study population was 138 staff members of the Child Survival Project, Compassion International Rwanda, in the city of Kigali. The sample size of 103 was determined with the help of the Solvin formula. Simple random sampling used in the research's selection of study participants. Random sampling employed due to its ease and the fact that all participants are employees of the Child Survival Project at Compassion International Rwanda, which ensures that each individual has an identical possibility of being chosen. The study applied the following tools of data collection: questionnaires and documentary techniques. The researcher used the descriptive and correlation analyses computed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23. The Model Summary presents the results of a multiple regression analysis that includes the predictors M&E Stakeholders Involvement, Human Resource Capacity, M&E Planning Process, and Communication in M&E in relation to the dependent variable Project Performance. The value of R (0.859) indicates a strong positive correlation between the combined predictors and the dependent variable, highlighting the interplay of these factors in influencing project performance. The coefficient of determination (R Square) is 0.738, indicating that approximately 73.8% of the variability in Project Performance of Child Survival Program can be explained by the combined influence of the four predictors. Children survival projects should ensure a comprehensive and well-structured M&E planning process that clearly defines measurable goals, identifies relevant indicators, employs efficient data collection methods, aligns with beneficiary needs, facilitates communication, and enables timely interventions
Effect of Risk Management on Success of Workers Affordable Properties Ltd (2017-2022)
No full textProjects are always prone to uncertainties and risks and failure to effectively manage the associated risks appropriately results to failure of the projects in terms of delay in completion (Jean, 2015). Globally, regionally and locally various studies have been conducted on the risk management practices on performance and success of projects. The specific objective of the study are to examine the effect of risk identification on success of Workers Affordable properties Ltd, to determine the effect of project analysis on success of Workers Affordable properties Ltd, to investigate how project risk response planning affects success of Workers Affordable properties Ltd and to evaluate how Project risk monitoring and control affects the success of Workers Affordable properties Ltd. This research adopted descriptive and correlative study design where descriptive statistics was applied to analyze data from questionnaires and interview guides. The collected data was collected through primary data comes which data was composed of information got from questionnaires and interviews held with selected respondents while the secondary data of this research was extracted from different text books, and other previous research documents in the same field. The results revealed the effect of risk management on the success of Workers Affordable properties Ltd. The results evaluated by R-squared and modified R-squared, show that risk management for 75.0% of the total success variation. The coefficient for Risk Identification" is β=0.398, t=7.335, p<0.05. These statistics indicate that risk identification significantly and positively affects the success of Workers Affordable Properties Ltd. Regarding Project Analysis, the coefficient is β=0.409, t=5.964, p<0.05, For Project Risk Response Planning," the coefficient is β=0.441, t=3.496, p<0.05. These statistics indicate that project risk response planning has a statistically significant positive effect on the company's success. Finally, Project Risk Monitoring and Control" has a coefficient of β=0.340, t=2.670, p<0.05. These results indicates that project risk monitoring and control significantly and positively affect the success of Workers Affordable Properties Ltd. The study recommends more stakeholder engagement in project risk management to ensure more productive identification of project risks. The study established that the analysis tools utilized were only moderately effective and viable in risk analysis.
Key words: Risk, Management & Succes
Innovative Leadership and Performance of Pentecostal Churches in Kenya
No full textThis study investigated the relationship between innovative leadership and the performance of Pentecostal churches in Kenya. Grounded in the Path-Goal theory, which posited that leaders must guide and support their subordinates to achieve both organizational and personal goals, the research highlighted the critical role of innovative leadership in addressing the challenges faced by these churches. A cross-sectional survey design was used, with data collected from 331 respondents out of a targeted 385, yielding an 86% response rate. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The findings revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.681, p < 0.01) between innovative leadership and church performance, with innovative leadership accounting for 64.1% of the variance in performance outcomes (R² = 0.641). This indicated that innovative leadership significantly impacted the performance of Pentecostal churches, emphasizing the need for church leaders to adopt creative thinking, risk management, and change-oriented leadership approaches. The study concluded that innovative leadership was essential for enhancing church performance and recommended that the National Council of Churches of Kenya (NCCK) and other relevant bodies develop policies and leadership development programs to foster these practices among church leaders. These findings provided valuable insights for religious organizations seeking to improve their effectiveness in a rapidly changing environment.
Keywords: Innovative Leadership, Performance & Pentecostal Churche
Relevance of Strategic Management Strategies on Organizational Performance of Craft Brewery Industries in Kigali City, Rwanda :A Case of Craft Brewery Industries in Nyarugengedistrict
No full textGenerally, this research examined relevance of strategic management strategies on organizational success within craft brewery industries, Kigali City, Rwanda. Specifically, the researcher assessed the influence of cost leadership, differeriantion, and focus strategies pon organizational success at craft brewery industries, Kigali, Rwanda. The study used the following theories : five forces models, and market sharing theorem.The study used descriptive research design and correlation regression with a mixed approach. The population comprised owners and top managers. Stratified sampling technique was used to select a representative group in which 237 respondents were selected. A questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data. Research instrument was piloted to test validty and relaiability using a Cronbach Alpha methods. Data was analysed using descriptive statisctics and correlation regression, with the support of statiscal product and service solutions as an analytical tools. Results on cost leadership indicate a tihht cost in business activities with a mean of 4.333), economies of scale with a mean of 3.666), cost saving efficiency for design with a means of 4.000) and the reduction of operational costs with a mean of 3.666 have been used as a cost leadership component. A significant relationship was between cost leadership and sales (r=0.231**, p value 0.006) investment rise (r=0.159**, p=0.043) and profit (r=0.174**=0.014).Results on differentiation felt that cost allocated to the control of quality of goods and services (mean of 4.333), effort in reputation management (mean of 4.000), identifying names (mean of 4.833). A significant correlation was between differentiation strategy and sales (r=0.274**, p value=0.039), investment rise (r=.187, p=0.035) and profit (r=0.324, p=0.032).results on market focus found that focusing on marketing specification for products ( mean of 3.833) is the measurement that has the highest level of application in Skol Brewery Ltd products to the high extent. Narrowing products offered (mean of 3.333). A significant relationship was beteeen market focus strategy and sales (r=0.854**, p=0.018), market focus strategy and investment (r=.873**, p=0.035), market focus strategy and profit (r=.750**, p=.0.036). The study concludes that there was no correlation between strategic management strategies and organizational perfomance. This study recommended that the management of brewery compamies should assess the execution of cost leadership , conduct a research on market stratey to respond to various market niches adequately as any gap in customer centric products whould yield customer non responsponsiveness, benchmark differentiation, hire competent staff to achieve its success.
Keywords: Cost leadership strategies, Differentiation strategies, Focus strategies, Organzational performance, Strategic management strategies
Strategies for Effective Application in Multi-Cultural Environments: A Forecast of Organizational Development Trends Through Strategic Thinking
No full textThe ability to effectively manage and leverage cultural diversity is critical to organizational success in an age of unprecedented globalization and interconnectedness. This study explores the complexities of multicultural settings, discussing the challenges that businesses face and providing calculated solutions for promoting diversity and capitalizing on cultural differences. The study takes a strategic thinking approach to examine present problems and predict future directions for organizational development in the ever-changing context of cultural diversity. It demonstrates the importance of cultural intelligence (CQ) as a fundamental component of understanding and effectively dealing with cultural differences. Language ability, communication styles, and nonverbal cues are all considered communication barriers that necessitate meticulous problem-solving techniques. The study also emphasizes the widespread effects of bias and prejudice, arguing for preventative measures such as diversity education to alleviate these issues. Beyond the obstacles, the study investigates how cultural diversity can be used to promote inclusivity. The paper emphasizes inclusive leadership as an important component, emphasizing its characteristics and role in promoting diversity in organizational systems. Team-building activities, diversity training programs, and adaptable organizational policies are cited as effective strategies for creating environments that value and celebrate cultural diversity. The following sections describe the characteristics of strategic thinking and how it can be used to forecast patterns in organizational development. This article examines how strategic thinking can help organizations adapt proactively by anticipating changes in technology, demographics, and economic factors. Organizations seeking to manage the uncertainties of a multicultural environment should consider scenario planning as a useful strategy. Following that, practical recommendations are provided, outlining specific steps that businesses can take to foster an inclusive culture, use diversity metrics, establish support systems, and encourage ongoing learning and adaptation. The conclusion summarizes all significant findings, including their implications for organizational practice and potential directions for future research in the field of organizational development and cultural diversity.
Keywords: Strategies, Effective Application, Multi-Cultural, Environments, Strategic Thinkin
Effect of Project Planning on the Success of Construction Projects in Nyarugenge District: A Case of Fair Construction Ltd
No full textThis study examined the effect of project planning on the success of construction projects in Nyarugenge district with a case of Fair construction Ltd. The target population for this study was 400 employees of Fair construction Ltd and the sample size was 200 employees. Study used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, both qualitative and quantitative were used to analyse the data with assistance of SPSS software program version 25.0 descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to present frequencies tables, percentages, mean and standard deviation and Inferential analysis was used in order to use Pearson correlation and multiple regression model to test the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. Qualitative and quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics in order produce frequency tables, percentages and mean. Inferential statistics were used in order to use person correlation and multiple regression models to test and draw relationship between variables both for independent and dependent; the influence of communication during planning on success of construction projects in Nyarugenge District. The overall means of results was 4.50, the effects of resource scheduling on the on success of construction projects in Nyarugenge. The overall means of results was 4.42, and the effect of Human resource planning on success of construction projects in Nyarugenge District. The overall means of results was 4.31, the data of Success of project was analyzed, the overall means of results was 4.52, depending on the results, it presented that the success of construction projects was on good grades. It revealed that the relationship between Project planning and success of construction project between Communication, Resource scheduling, Human Resource planning and success of project was 0.947, 0.881, and 0.932 respectively, and the results presented than the variables were statistically significant with p value=0.000b. The results presented the variables of Project planning, the results on Communication was statistically significant with p value=0.000b, the Human resource planning was statistically significant with p value=0.016b and the Resource scheduling was not statistically significant with p value=0.987b. It concluded that there was a significant relationship between Project planning and Success of project. The study recommended that MINIFRA should sensitize Rwandan citizen to be involved in well planned project of Construction activities in order to earn money thus self-economy enhancement.
Keywords: Project Planning, Success of Construction Projects, Nyarugenge District, Fair Construction Ltd, Rwanda
Influence of Planning Tools on the Performance of a Disaster Management Project in Rwanda. A Case of Strengthening National and Local Disaster Risk Management Capacity, Resilience and Enhancing Preparedness and Early Warning System Project in Musanze District
No full textThe objective of the study was to find out the influence of planning tools on performance of disaster management project. The specific objectives are to find out the influence of Gantt Chart and Work Break Structure (WBS), LogFrame, Problem, Critical Path method and objective tree analysis on performance of Strengthening National and Local Disaster Risk Management Capacity, Resilience and Enhancing Preparedness and Early Warning System project in Musanze District. The population of the study was 160 including 5 employees (staff) at headquarter, 5 staff at field at district and sector and 150 direct beneficiaries and in same time implementers/workers of the project. No sampling inquired, rather the census inquiry method used as the population of the study found to be small, and the researcher decided gathered data from every single individual or unit within the target population, without using any sampling techniques Data collected through structured questionnaires and interviews. Collected data analyzed using qualitative and quantitative techniques. The collected research data checked for any errors and omissions that coded, defined and then entered into Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 24) for analyse. The R Square value is 0.664 means that 66.4% of the variability in project performance accounted for by the variations in the combined effects of Critical Path Method, Problem and Objective Tree, Log Frame, and Gantt Chart and WBS. The results on LogFrame shows unstandardized coefficient β=0.317, p-value of 0.000 indicates that this effect is statistically significant. Gantt Chart and WBS shows unstandardized coefficient β=0.545, p-value of 0.000 indicates that this effect is statistically significant. Problem and Objective Tree shows unstandardized coefficient β=0.393, p-value of 0.020 indicates that this effect is statistically significant. Critical Path Method shows unstandardized coefficient β=0.393, p-value of 0.000 indicates that this effect is statistically significant. Project teams should adopt the Critical Path Method (CPM) during project scheduling. This technique helps in identifying critical tasks and their dependencies, resulting in streamlined workflows and timely project completion.
Key words: Planning tools, Gantt chart and Work Break Structure, LogFrame, Problem, Critical Path method, Performance of disaster management project
Project Financing and Success of Agricultural Development Projects in Rwanda, Case of Business Development Fund
No full textThis research assessed the influence of project financing on success of agricultural development projects in Rwanda, with reference of BDF’s agricultural projects. The specific research objectives are including to investigate the influence of financing plan; financing teamworking and internal and external financing on success of agricultural development projects in BDF. Low levels of financial intermediation, relatively high interest rates, wide intermediation spreads and substantial bank profitability persist. The causes include currency and macroeconomic uncertainties, high government demand for loan funds, lack of competition, relatively small bank sizes and contractual problems including weak creditor rights, compromised courts, a deficient insolvency framework and a general disrespect for contracts. The lack of policy meant that the majority of success of agricultural development projects was unplanned, but has been practiced mostly as informal sector operations beyond the government framework, therefore unable to mobilize the financial supports. The agent theory on project financing and project management theory of change were reviewed. The sample size is 150 respondents. The study used descriptive research design аnd аррlying questiоnnаire during соlleсtiоn оf dаtа. The findings of R-squared equal to 0.878 means up to 87.8% of long-run appreciation in success of agricultural development projects in BDF is influenced by changes in financing plan; financing teamworking and internal and external financing. The reliability of a test is indicated by the reliability coefficient of Cronbach's Alpha which is 80.7% and the number of items is 150, this represents the higher values indicating that the distributed questionnaires are more reliable, therefore it is indicating perfect reliability. This leads to confirm that there is significant relationship between project financing and success of agricultural development projects