Stratford Peer Reviewed Journals and Books
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Records Management Practices for Effective Service Delivery in Public Service: Case of Kirinyaga County Government Registries, Kenya
No full textEffective service delivery in the public sector is central to good governance, accountability, transparency, and citizen satisfaction, with registry-based services serving as key interfaces between government and citizens in devolved units such as Kirinyaga County. Despite the importance of effective registry services, Kirinyaga County Government registries continue to face significant challenges undermining service delivery, including poor records management, missing or misplaced files, lack of digitization, inadequate staffing and infrastructure, absence of properly designed policies, and delayed processing that led to service delays and citizen dissatisfaction. Thus, the study assessed the effect of records management practices on effective service delivery in Kirinyaga County Government registries. The study was anchored on service quality theory, records lifecycle theory, and the records continuum concept. The research employed a descriptive design, targeting a population of 124 respondents comprising 10 top management officers, 20 action officers, 40 registry staff, 4 records managers, and 50 clerical officers, with a sample of 103 respondents selected through proportionate sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and interview schedules, with a pilot study conducted in Nakuru County Registry to test instrument reliability and validity using Cronbach's Alpha coefficients exceeding 0.7 threshold. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS and presented through tables and charts, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically with findings presented in narrative form. The study found that Kirinyaga County Government has established robust records management frameworks characterized by effective programs, standards, and policies, demonstrates commendable practices evidenced by regular audits and technology utilization, allocates resources adequately with sufficient staff and infrastructure, and maintains proactive approaches to addressing challenges despite rare incidents of data mismanagement. The study recommends that the county should regularly review and update records management programs, invest in modern electronic document management systems, conduct comprehensive resource assessments, strengthen data security measures through encryption protocols and access controls, and establish centralized oversight committees to coordinate efforts across departments for enhanced service delivery outcomes.
Keywords: Records Management Practices, Service Delivery, Public Service, Kirinyaga County Government Registries, Keny
Family Planning Uptake and Associated Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years) in Rubavu District, Rwanda
Get PDFDespite global progress, 164 million women worldwide still want to limit childbearing but lack access to contraception. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 21 million women experience pregnancies annually, with half being unintended. While Rwanda has achieved a 58% family planning prevalence rate nationally, regional disparities persist. This study examined family planning uptake and associated factors among women aged 15-49 years in Rubavu District, Rwanda, to inform health policies and reduce access barriers. This cross-sectional study surveyed 382 women of reproductive age attending postnatal care services at selected health centers. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire and analysed with SPSS version 25.0, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Among participants, 85% were currently using family planning methods. Key factors associated with increased uptake included secondary or higher education (COR=2.59), having 1-2 children versus 4-5 children (COR=2.66), husband approval (COR=3.27), and shorter travel times to health centers (COR=4.42). Multivariate analysis confirmed that women in Ubudehe category 2 (AOR=3.97), those with husband approval (AOR=2.68), previous family planning users (AOR=8.37), and women living within one hour of health centers (AOR=4.88) had significantly higher odds of family planning use. Effective interventions should focus on expanding women's education, engaging male partners in family planning decisions, and improving geographic access to health centers. Addressing these factors could substantially increase family planning uptake and improve reproductive health outcomes in Rubavu District.
Keywords: Family Planning, Uptake, Associated Factors, Among Women, Reproductive Age (15-49 Years), Rubavu District, Rwand
Evaluating E-Waste Management Skills Development among Informal Sector Workers in Rwanda: A Case Study of Kigali City
Get PDFThe highest consumption of electronic goods is generating E-wastes which are causing global worry, being exacerbated in cities of developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate and explore the existence of different skills development approaches towards proper e-wastes management among informal workers in Kigali City, Rwanda. Quantitative method by using a questionnaire was used to acquire primary data. Data collected were analysed using SPSS version 27.0. Different skills development approaches were explored among the informal workers, of which were informational materials (15%), online resources (35%), school curriculum (30%), and trainings (25%), while 25% responded none to learn about e-waste. Only 40% was found to be familiar with e-wastes management. The study revealed that preference of e-waste disposal in informal sector was at 70% to general solid waste collectors, and there is significant correlation (r=0.684, p-value=0.001) between skills development and e-waste management. Therefore, the development of specialised trainings with accessible educational resources will foster e-waste management practices in informal sector.
Keywords: E-wastes management, Skills development, informal workers, Informal sector, Kigali Cit
Psychographic Segmentation Strategies And Sales Performance Of The Coca-Cola Company In Nairobi County, Kenya
Get PDFEffective market segmentation is crucial for companies aiming to optimize sales performance in competitive environments. However, there is limited understanding of how psychographic segmentation specifically impacts sales outcomes for Coca-Cola in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study investigated the effects of psychographic segmentation strategies, focusing on consumer lifestyles, values, personality traits, and social class, on Coca-Cola’s sales performance. Quantitative data from 224 sales and marketing staff revealed a strong positive relationship between psychographic segmentation and sales performance, highlighting the importance of aligning brand messaging with consumer aspirations. The results indicate that psychographic-focused campaigns enhance emotional connections, boost consumer loyalty, and drive repeat purchases, ultimately improving sales. The study found a moderate to strong agreement that Coca-Cola tailors its products and marketing to diverse consumer lifestyles and psychographics, reflected by an aggregate score of 4.0632 (SD = 0.5193). Correlation analysis revealed a substantial positive relationship between psychographic segmentation and sales performance (r = 0.782, p = 0.001), while regression analysis showed psychographic segmentation significantly predicts sales performance (β = 0.304, p = 0.001). The study recommends increased investment in data-driven psychographic analysis and targeted lifestyle-oriented marketing to maximize sales growth in Nairobi County
ICT Marketing and its Influence on the Growth of Serviced Accommodation Facilities in Kwale County, Kenya
Get PDFThe hospitality industry is increasingly utilizing Information Communication Technology (ICT) for product and service development, serving a discerning customer base. The dynamic and complex business environment demands constant innovation and adaptation of management concepts and emerging technologies. This study aimed to assess the influence of ICT staff marketing and the growth of serviced accommodation facilities in Kwale County, Kenya. A descriptive design research method was adopted and focus on serviced accommodation facilities within Kwale County. The data mainly used primary data and supported by some secondary which was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire (closed and open-ended questions). The questionnaires were dropped and collected at a later time to owners, supervisors, and managers of the serviced accommodation facilities. The sampling was done through simple random sampling and the size was 254 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as regression analysis was used and the former presented using mean, percentages, graphs, and frequencies. Thematic analysis was used to present qualitative aspects and help group data for statistical analysis. Findings from the study indicate a strong correlation between ICT marketing and the growth of SAFs in Kwale County. (R = 0.698). Some of the barriers to ICT adoption identified include high costs, lack of infrastructure, insufficient training, and resistance from staff. Strategic Recommendations for Improving ICT marketing include; more government support, more incentives, and continuous training among staff. The findings of this study were useful to various stakeholder groups including academicians, policy makers, hotel managers, and potential investors.
Keywords: ICT marketing, serviced accommodation facilities, hospitality Industry and Tourism Growth
The Physical Effects of Gigantomastia On the Mental Health of the Women in Nairobi County, Kenya
Get PDFGigantomastia, characterized by excessive breast tissue growth exceeding normal proportions, presents significant physical health challenges for affected women. This qualitative study examined the physical effects of gigantomastia on women's health in Nairobi County, Kenya, through in-depth interviews with 30 participants aged 19-50 years using snowball sampling technique. The study employed a descriptive research design grounded in phenomenological epistemology to explore the lived experiences of women with this rare condition. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews conducted virtually via Zoom platform and analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings revealed six primary physical manifestations: large and heavy breasts causing excessive bodily strain, chronic pain affecting the back, neck and shoulders, challenges in obtaining appropriate clothing and undergarments, difficulties performing physical activities and exercise, postural problems leading to spinal complications, and sleeping difficulties affecting rest and recovery. These physical effects created a cascade of health complications that significantly compromised participants' mobility, daily functioning, and overall quality of life. The study concludes that gigantomastia represents a substantial physical health burden requiring comprehensive healthcare interventions. Key recommendations include establishing specialized clinics, developing clinical guidelines for early detection and management, implementing public awareness campaigns, and including gigantomastia treatment in national health insurance schemes to ensure accessibility and affordability for affected women.
Keywords: Gigantomastia, Physical Effects, Women's Health, Nairobi County, Keny
The Psychological Effects of Gigantomastia on the Mental Health of Women in Nairobi County, Kenya
Get PDFGigantomastia, characterized by excessive breast tissue growth, presents significant psychological challenges for affected women beyond its physical manifestations. This qualitative study examined the psychological effects of gigantomastia on women's mental health in Nairobi County, Kenya, through in-depth interviews with 30 participants aged 19-50 years using snowball sampling technique. The study employed a descriptive research design grounded in phenomenological epistemology and cognitive adaptation theory to explore the lived psychological experiences of women with this rare condition. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews conducted virtually via Zoom platform and analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings revealed four primary psychological manifestations: low self-esteem and negative body image resulting in feelings of unworthiness and body dissatisfaction, intense negative feelings and emotions including depression, anxiety, and social withdrawal, loss of interest in previously enjoyed social activities and personal pursuits, and adoption of unhealthy coping mechanisms such as social isolation and emotional masking. These psychological effects created cascading mental health complications that significantly compromised participants' emotional stability, self-worth, and overall psychological well-being. The study concludes that gigantomastia represents a substantial psychological health burden requiring comprehensive mental health interventions and support systems. Key recommendations include establishing specialized psychological support services, integrating mental health screening into routine healthcare, implementing public awareness campaigns to reduce stigma, and including mental health services for gigantomastia in national health insurance schemes to ensure accessibility and affordability for affected women.
Keywords: Gigantomastia, psychological effects, mental health, women's health, self-esteem, body image, Nairobi County, Keny
Determinants of Hepatitis B Infection and Mitigation Strategies Utilized to Prevent and Control Infection in Population Health of Nyabiheke Refugee Camp in Rwanda
No full textA review of the determinants of viral hepatitis infections shows a serious impact on population health, with over 325 million people infected annually. Hepatitis infection is primarily attributed to HBV and HCV, which are leading causes of hepatitis-related comorbidities and high mortality rates. In the study area, a refugee camp, a high number of cases and contributing factors related to hepatitis infection remain undocumented. Despite various government efforts to initiate measures for preventing and controlling the spread of infection over the last decade, millions continue to suffer from HBV without comprehensive data on the underlying factors. This gap in documentation led to the study on determinants of hepatitis infections and mitigation strategies employed in Nyabiheke Refugee Camp to prevent and control Hepatitis B infection in the camp's population. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B infections among the camp’s population, evaluate the socio-cultural and environmental risk factors affecting hepatitis spread, and assess the influence of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on the effectiveness of the Ministry of Health's prevention and control strategies within the camp. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining descriptive, cross-sectional, and cohort study designs, with purposive sampling conducted retrospectively over the last five years and prospectively for three months of data collection. Data collection tools included semi-structured questionnaires for surveys, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion guides. Data was managed using SPSS version 25.0. Results from the first objective indicated that among the 7,100 refugees screened, 3.4% were diagnosed as Hepatitis B positive. Findings for the second objective identified key transmission sources, including overcrowding (87.9%), unsafe injections (44.5%), and vertical transmission (20.4%), with a p-value below 0.05 indicating insignificant relationships with infection rates in the camp. The availability of sanitation facilities was significant, with a p-value of 0.53 and an odds ratio (OR) of 0.64, signifying a protective role in the camp’s health environment. The third objective found that 38% of participants pointed to the influence of taboos, while 45% agreed with cultural norms as factors affecting healthcare-seeking behavior. Objective four confirmed that the influence of KAP on the spread of Hepatitis B in the camp remains limited, underscoring the need for health education to promote effective prevention and control of Hepatitis B infection. In conclusion, the prevalence of Hepatitis B among refugees in Nyabiheke Refugee Camp is lower than the national prevalence. The study recommends that the Ministry of Health increase HBV vaccination coverage, while health implementation partners in the camp should educate refugees on HBV transmission and prevention. There is a need for ongoing follow-up campaigns and universal access to affordable, high-quality diagnostic tests and vaccines for unscreened individuals. Further studies should investigate vertical transmission levels in Nyabiheke and other refugee camps in Rwanda.
Keywords: Hepatitis Infections, Mitigation Strategies, Utilized, Nyabiheke Refugee Camp, control of the Infection, Rwand
Forensic Auditing and Financial Performance of Kenyan Counties
No full textCounty governments collect a small percentage of their own source revenue potential and the absorption rate of their budgets are low, this has slowed performance and service delivery. The study sought to find the effect of forensic auditing on the financial performance of the counties in Kenya. Data was collected from financial statements of 45 counties in Kenya in the custody of the controller of budgets for nine years from financial year 2014/2015 to 2022/2023 except Meru and Homabay because financial statements were not found. The study used a dynamic panel model to examine the relationship between forensic auditing and financial performance of all counties in Kenya and analyzed using R statistical tool. The findings showed that forensic auditing has a significant effect on financial performance of counties at first lag. The study concluded that forensic auditing is important and that each county should ensure that they invest in the forensic auditing function. The study recommends that county leadership, including governors, senators, members of the county assembly, and employees, should invest in forensic auditing. The leadership should ensure that accountants are well-trained in forensic auditing processes and consistently apply these skills. All accounting personnel should possess and practice forensic auditing skills. Additionally, county officials should provide supporting evidence for all activities conducted within or outside their counties to facilitate the forensic auditing process. County leadership should focus on spending strictly on budgeted projects, avoiding both overspending and underspending by monitoring ongoing and upcoming projects. Counties should also exhaust all revenue collection avenues and ensure that collected revenue is utilized for its intended purposes to meet collection targets. The study also recommends that the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya (ICPAK) should ensure its members are equipped with knowledge of forensic auditing by organizing regular training sessions and seminars to support the function. ICPAK should provide recommendations on accounting policies in counties to enhance the quality of financial statements. Furthermore, through ICPAK’s guidance, counties should establish fully functional audit departments and ensure the independence of audit committee members.
Keywords: Forensic auditing, financial performance, counties, Keny
Is the Mainstream Conception of Human Rights Shaped by Western Perspectives?
No full textIt is a curious phenomenon, how analysts of widely varying education, background and political persuasion almost always seem to arrive at a unanimous consensus, that the mainstream conception of human rights, has western fingerprints smudged all over it. The question is: Is the mainstream conception of human rights shaped by western perspectives? Whereas these standards so innocuously touted as ‘universal’ may escape the notice of a disinterested observer, discerning global thinkers have the nuance to notice the glaring foisting of western ideals onto the rest of the world. As the discussion on this contentious issue rages further onwards, the ultimate question lies in whether advocating for global human rights, is inadvertently perpetuating a framework rooted in western values. From a relative power perspective, those who wield wealth and military might get to make the ‘rights’, and thus the deliberations are influenced by the thought process, values, and idiosyncratic personality variables of the ones who formulate the rights