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Análise semiótica social multimodal da proposta de educação linguística na publicidade da IA Khanmigo
Get PDFThis article aims to discuss how Generative Artificial Intelligence technologies are designed for teaching and learning. We reflect more carefully on the insertion of Khanmigo, Khan Academy's AI, in language teaching and how it enables Linguistic Education processes. To this end, we analyzed, from the perspective of Multimodal Social Semiotics, Kahmingo's advertising videos, already speculated to be used in Brazil. We based on Kress (2010); Bezemer and Kress (2016) to find contributions to think about notions such as learning, communication, multimodality, interest and signs of learning. The results indicate that Khanmigo's advertising creates expectations of optimizing the teacher’s work, in addition to promising tutoring to students. However, the analysis demonstrates that it in fact outlines a learning environment that limits the space for creation, transformation and agency of students, which can lead to semiotic vulnerability and haste of learning by focusing on content, leaving huge challenges to think about ways to promote linguistic education and cyber social literacy.Neste artigo, propomos discutir como as tecnologias de Inteligência Artificial Gerativa – IAG – são projetadas para o ensino e a aprendizagem. Mais detidamente, refletimos sobre a inserção da Khanmigo, IAG da Khan Academy, no ensino de línguas e como ela possibilita processos de Educação Linguística. Para tanto, analisamos, sob o prisma da Semiótica Social Multimodal, vídeos publicitários da Khanmigo, já especulada para ser utilizada no contexto nacional. Ao ancorarmos nesse referencial, a partir de Kress (2010) e Bezemer e Kress (2016), encontramos contribuições para pensar noções como aprendizagem, comunicação, multimodalidade, interesse e signos de aprendizagem. Os resultados indicam que a publicidade da Khanmigo cria expectativas de otimização do tempo de trabalho e de pesquisa do professor, além de prometer tutoria aos estudantes. Entretanto, as análises demonstram que ela delineia, de fato, um ambiente de aprendizagem que limita o espaço de criação, transformação e agência dos alunos, o que pode acarretar vulnerabilidade semiótica e aligeiramento da aprendizagem ao centrar-se nos conteúdos, deixando desafios enormes para se pensar sobre as formas de promover educação linguística e letramento cibersocial
Percepción del alumnado de Traducción Multimedia acerca de la traducción automatizada frente a la traducción humana para la localización de un sitio web
Get PDFThis study describes a pre-experimental and exploratory design developed over two academic years, in which 57 students from a higher education institution were faced with the simulation of a reverse translation project (Spanish-English) for the website of a mock brewery located in the Andalusian city of Cordoba (Spain). The website was created ad hoc for this task and contained a large number of terms related to Andalusian cuisine, as well as cultural references, localisms and idiomatic expressions with a humorous undertone. After performing a creative translation to transfer the cultural and humorous features successfully, participants obtained versions generated with at least two automated translation tools (DeepL or SmartCat, and ChatGPT) to compare their own translations with those generated by machine translation (MT) and artificial intelligence (AI). Finally, they assessed the three target texts through a questionnaire. This paper presents the results obtained from the activity, with the aim of providing an insight into the Multimedia Translation students' perception of the use of MT and AI, specifically regarding five key aspects of the translation process: the overall quality of the target text, terminological accuracy, linguistic coherence and fluency, interpretation of the socio-cultural context and communicative intention, and grammatical and syntactic accuracy. The study confirms that human translation (HT) is rated higher than MT and AI in all the categories, and that this gap is more pronounced when it comes to the subjective aspects of language. More specifically, HT stands out for its coherence, fluency and ability to interpret contextual and socio-cultural factors in communication.Este estudio describe un diseño preexperimental y exploratorio desarrollado a lo largo de dos cursos académicos, en el que 57 estudiantes de una institución de educación superior se enfrentaron a la simulación de un proyecto de traducción inversa (español-inglés) para el sitio web de una cervecería ficticia ubicada en la ciudad andaluza de Córdoba (España). Dicho sitio web fue creado ah hoc para esta tarea y contenía una gran cantidad de términos relacionados con la gastronomía andaluza, así como referentes culturales, localismos y expresiones idiomáticas con un tono humorístico. Tras completar el encargo transfiriendo cuidadosamente el contenido cultural y humorístico, los participantes obtuvieron traducciones con al menos dos herramientas de automatización de la traducción (DeepL o SmartCat, y ChatGPT) para comparar su propia versión con las dos generadas por traducción automática (TA) e inteligencia artificial (IA). Finalmente, evaluaron los tres textos meta a través de un cuestionario. En este artículo se exponen los resultados obtenidos a partir de la actividad, con el objetivo de ofrecer una visión de la percepción del alumnado de Traducción Multimedia acerca del uso de la traducción automatizada, específicamente en lo que respecta a cinco aspectos fundamentales en el proceso de traducción: la calidad global del texto meta, la precisión terminológica, la coherencia y fluidez lingüística, la interpretación del contexto sociocultural y la intención comunicativa, y la corrección gramatical y sintáctica. El estudio confirma que la traducción humana (TH) es mejor valorada que la TA y a la traducción generada por IA en todas las categorías, y que esta diferencia es más notoria en aquellas relacionadas con aspectos subjetivos del lenguaje. De manera más específica, la TH destaca principalmente por su coherencia, fluidez y capacidad para interpretar los aspectos contextuales y socioculturales en la comunicación
Cooperación judicial internacional: terminología jurídica para traductores e intérpretes de inglés, español y rumano
Get PDFInternational judicial cooperation constitutes a potential field of work for translators and interpreters (with its own language, conceptual organisation, and terminology) and an area of research of interest for several reasons. However, this field is not usually addressed in the training of translators and interpreters in undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Moreover, little research has been conducted within the translation studies literature regarding international judicial cooperation. Against this background, this study is framed by the need for legal translators and interpreters to conduct documental research to specialise in international judicial cooperation, given the particularities of this field. More specifically, its main objective is to determine and define the most representative terminology considering specific texts in the context of international criminal judicial mutual recognition and its lexical combinations or collocations. It presents a methodology for both specialisation and training purposes in the Spanish-English-Romanian linguistic combination.La cooperación judicial internacional constituye un posible ámbito de trabajo para traductores e intérpretes y un área de investigación de interés por diferentes motivos (lenguaje, organización conceptual y terminología propios). Sin embargo, este ámbito no suele incluirse en la formación en traducción e interpretación a nivel de grado y postgrado y es un tema poco investigado desde el punto de vista traductológico. Teniendo en cuenta este contexto, este estudio se enmarca en la necesidad de documentación de los/las profesionales de la traducción e interpretación jurídica interesados/as en especializarse en la cooperación judicial internacional, un campo con varias particularidades. Más concretamente, tiene como objetivo principal determinar y definir la terminología más representativa de determinados textos específicos en el contexto del reconocimiento judicial penal internacional mutuo y sus combinaciones léxicas o colocaciones. Asimismo, presenta una metodología de trabajo de utilidad tanto para la especialización como para la formación en la combinación lingüística español-inglés-rumano
Instrumentalização e simulações computacionais no ensino de Física: uma revisão de literatura apoiada na teoria crítica da tecnologia
Get PDFIn Physics Teaching, there is a diffuse perception that characteristics associated with technologies are immediately transferred to classroom activities. The same applies to Computer Simulations (CS). Often praised for their easy access and interactive use, there seems to be a lack of theoretical foundation to support their use. In this sense, this research adopts the standpoint of Critical Theory of Technology to conduct a literature review in scientific journals in the field of Science Education, aiming to characterize and problematize the theoretical frameworks that guide the use of CS as a technology for Physics Teaching. Forty-two articles were selected and formed the textual corpus, which was subsequently analyzed using the textual analysis software IRAMUTEQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires). Textual analysis using IRAMUTEQ revealed that Computer Simulations (CS) are predominantly approached as neutral tools, with strong associations to Meaningful Learning theory. However, Critical Theory of Technology suggests potential practices for re-signifying CS, integrating technical and social dimensions in Physics Teaching.No Ensino de Física há uma percepção difusa de que características associadas às tecnologias são imediatamente transpostas para atividades em sala de aula. Com as Simulações Computacionais (SC) não é diferente. Muitas vezes enaltecidas por seu fácil acesso e uso interativo, parece faltar uma fundamentação teórica que dê sustentação ao seu uso. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa parte do ponto de vista da Teoria Crítica da Tecnologia para construir uma revisão de literatura em periódicos da área de Ensino de Ciências, que buscou caracterizar e problematizar referenciais teóricos que guiam os usos das SC enquanto tecnologia para o Ensino de Física. 42 artigos foram selecionados e formaram o corpus textual, que foi posteriormente analisado por meio do software de análise textual IRAMUTEQ (Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires). A análise textual via IRAMUTEQ revelou que as SC são predominantemente abordadas como ferramentas neutras, com forte associação à teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa. Contudo, identificou-se a partir da leitura da Teoria Crítica da Tecnologia, potenciais práticas de ressignificação das SC, integrando dimensões técnicas e sociais no ensino de Física
Lolita Revisited: Controversy, Language and Image
Get PDFThe article proposes a reevaluation of Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita (1955), considering the controversy surrounding the novel’s theme: the sexual obsession of an adult man with a preadolescent girl. It questions whether the text is addressed to a male, heterosexual public. Furthermore, it shows how readership has shifted with the rise of feminist, gender and sexuality studies as it debates the relevance of the novel in terms of its formal choices. As such, the article considers Nabokov’s exilic condition and adoption of English as a language for literary production, examining how these issues contribute to the development of Lolita, particularly with regard to the figure of its unreliable narrator. Additionally, two filmic adaptations are analyzed: Stanley Kubrick’s (1962) and Adrian Lyne’s (1997), taking into account representations of misogyny and narrative voice
Stultifying in Straws: The Existential Ethics of a Pseudo-Activist in Edward Bond’s Saved
Get PDFPseudo-activity as a mode of engagement devised by contemporary politics has become a proper channel through which the systems have enabled themselves to engage people all the time with complex local and global governmental issues, the resolving of which is beyond the ordinary individuals’ sphere. Pseudo-activity on the one hand, ensures the systems that people’s passivity is disrupted and on the other, this consistent preoccupation distances them from focusing on their existential priorities and ultimately leads to a form of self-forgetfulness and lack of responsibility towards their own existence. This study perceives the setting of Edward Bond’s play Saved as a similar context where the leading outsider character Len has engrossed himself so intensely with the immoral and disturbing actions of people around him that he has almost lost sight of his own existential grounding. By adopting an Existential approach and bonding it to Žižek’s understanding of pseudo-activity, the study will provide Len with a possible opportunity to escape pseudo-activity and to be saved.
English as a Lingua Frankensteinia: An Investigation into the Perceptions of Educated Pakistani Populace
Get PDFThis study explores how educated Pakistani professionals perceive the dominance of English and its effects on local languages and social structures. Though often viewed as a neutral lingua franca, English is framed here as a tool of linguistic imperialism, shaping education, economy, and identity. Guided by Robert Phillipson’s theory of Linguistic Imperialism and the metaphor of Lingua Frankensteinia, the study analyzes semi-structured interviews with four professionals. Findings reveal that English is seen as a path to upward mobility and global access but also as a source of cultural displacement and inequality. Local languages are increasingly marginalized, and English proficiency is tied to elitism and intelligence. The research calls for inclusive language policies that value indigenous languages while acknowledging English’s global role
A Reading of Four Short Stories from Goa: Across the Linguistic and Religious Divide
Get PDFThe aim of this article is to consider the literature of Goa, former Portuguese colony in India (1510-1961), where four main languages are spoken: Konkani; Marathi; Portuguese, and English. This plurilingual society not only deconstruct the monolingual national literary canon but also call for a different way of approaching and reading literary narratives, in terms of literary clusters (Mohanty 2011) that belong to the same “Significant Geography” (Orsini 2015; Laachir at al. 2018). In this context, I will consider four Goan short stories that criticize the religious divide in Goa: “Shiva, at Play” [Shiva brincando] (2022), written in Portuguese by Maria Elsa da Rocha; “The Crucifix on the Chain” [Gallyantulo khuris] (2015), in Konkani by Prakesh Parienkar; “Says Kabira” [Kahat Kabira] (2018), in Marathi by Vithal L. Gawas; “Saibinn” (2008), in English by José Lourenço
The Skeptical Paradox
Get PDFIn modern times, more precisely after the Cartesian revolution, some authors, still concerned with the problem of skeptical self-reference, explored the cogito in order to verify whether the skeptic had been refuted by Descartes. The question to be verified was the following: when establishing the cogito, would it be possible to subject it, once again, to doubt? The problem and the answer to the problem seem to have generated a paradox, which I will call here the “skeptical paradox”. The problem exposed here is in the foundation of reason and, in the absence of it, the skeptic's alternative is in the use of reason in a pragmatic or instrumental way. However, I argue that when the skeptic dialogues against her opponent, she needs to consent to the same reason, whether of instrumental status or admitted as the basis of knowledge. Otherwise, she cannot hope to find any other conception of truth, at the risk of not knowing what she is looking for
Diferentes nociones de contexto: algunos casos desde la biología sintética
Get PDFThe notion of context has been central to many debates and theories in recent decades. It is well-defined in some disciplines, such as linguistics or philosophy of language. However, there are other disciplines, for example, within the empirical sciences, where this is not always the case. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to test whether the different notions of context in the philosophy of language can be applied to the field of synthetic biology in order to gain more clarity in the latter area. In this way, besides contributing to a general characterization of the idea of context that allows a conceptual understanding of contexts, it will also be possible to study their role in scientific and technological research. Second, and to illustrate the fruitfulness of this intersection between disciplines, we show–through the use of corpus methods—how the application of the notion of context from the philosophy of language allows us to shed light on some of the central concepts in synthetic biology, namely, the distinction between synthesis and analysis. On this basis, our perspective will enable us to revisit the relationship between the philosophy of language and the philosophy of biology.Durante las últimas décadas, la noción de contexto ha sido central en muchos debates y teorías. En algunas disciplinas como la lingüística o la filosofía del lenguaje, la noción está bien delimitada. Sin embargo, existen otras disciplinas, por ejemplo, dentro de las ciencias empíricas, en las que esto no siempre es así. El propósito de este trabajo es doble. Primero, comprobar si pueden aplicarse las distintas nociones de contexto en filosofía del lenguaje al campo de la biología sintética para así obtener más claridad en este último campo. De este modo, además de contribuir a una caracterización general de la idea de contexto que permita una comprensión conceptual de los contextos, también será posible estudiar el rol que tienen en la investigación científica y tecnológica. Segundo, y para ilustrar la fecundidad de este cruce, mostramos—por medio del empleo de métodos de corpus—cómo la aplicación de la noción de contexto desde la filosofía del lenguaje permite arrojar luz sobre algunas de las nociones centrales en biología sintética, concretamente, la distinción entre síntesis y análisis. Con esto, nuestra perspectiva nos permite reconsiderar la relación entre filosofía del lenguaje y filosofía de la biología