Revistas UDEA (Universidad de Antioquia)
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Limites à militarização da política: o caso das reações civis na América Latina
No full textWhat are the limits to the processes of militarization of politics? How have they been reversed? What are the characteristics of the next phase? The aim of the article is to analyze the concept of civilian reactions as a limit that has been presented to the militarization of politics in Latin America. The main argument is that civilian reactions have been a response to previous stages of extreme militarization defined in terms of military autonomization of traditional politics. The concept of “civilian reaction” has not been analyzed in the literature on civil-military relations. From a methodological point of view, the article examines in comparative perspective four cases of civilian reactions in different countries and periods: Brazil (1891), Chile (1932), Colombia (1958) and Argentina (1983). To this end, a common process was identified that had three stages: the conditions preceding the extreme militarization, the extreme militarization and the civilian reaction.¿Cuáles son los límites a los procesos de militarización de la política?, ¿de qué modo se han revertido?, ¿cuáles son las características de la siguiente fase? El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el concepto de reacciones civilistas como un límite que se ha presentado a la militarización de la política en América Latina. El principal argumento es que las reacciones civilistas han sido una respuesta a etapas previas de militarización extrema definidas en términos de autonomización militar de la política tradicional. El concepto de «reacción civilista» no ha sido analizado por la literatura sobre relaciones civiles-militares. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, el artículo examina en perspectiva comparada cuatro casos de reacciones civilistas en distintos países y periodos: Brasil (1891), Chile (1932), Colombia (1958) y Argentina (1983). A tal fin, se identificó un proceso común que atravesó tres etapas: condiciones antecedentes a la militarización extrema, militarización extrema y reacción civilista.Quais são os limites dos processos de militarização da política, como eles foram revertidos e quais são as características da próxima fase? O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o conceito de reações civis como um limite que tem sido apresentado à militarização da política na América Latina. O argumento principal é que as reações civilistas têm sido uma resposta a estágios anteriores de militarização extrema definida em termos de autonomização militar da política tradicional. O conceito de “reação civil” não foi analisado na literatura sobre as relações entre civis e militares. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o artigo examina em perspectiva comparativa quatro casos de reações civis em diferentes países e períodos: Brasil em 1891, Chile em 1932, Colômbia em 1958 e Argentina em 1983. Para tanto, foi identificado um processo comum que teve três estágios: as condições que precederam a militarização extrema, a militarização extrema e a reação civilista.
 
El rol ciudadano en la nueva y posnueva gestión pública. Un análisis a partir de los enfoques y características
No full textThis article aims to provide a theoretical reflection on current public management based on the paradigms that have shaped public administration throughout history. To this end, it explores the question: What is the role of the citizen within and in relation to the paradigms of New Public Management (NPM) and Post-New Public Management (P-NPM)? A qualitative, descriptive approach is employed. Specifically, content analysis is used as an indirect methodology, that is, based on the analysis and interpretation of documentary sources. Three main conclusions are identified: (i) a shift in the understanding of the citizen’s role, from a reactive-spectator position in NPM to an active-participant one in P-NPM; (ii) modes of interaction as key factors marking the transition to the P-NPM concept; and (iii) hybrid governance arrangements, that is, both top-down and bottom-up.Este artículo tiene como propósito realizar una reflexión teórica sobre la gestión pública actual a partir de los paradigmas que han permeado la administración pública a lo largo de la historia. Para tal fin se indaga ¿cuál es el papel del ciudadano desde y para los paradigmas de la nueva gestión pública (NGP) y la posnueva gestión pública (P-NGP)? Para ello se emplea un enfoque cualitativo de alcance descriptivo. Específicamente, se acude al análisis de contenido como una metodología basada en el análisis e interpretación de fuentes documentales. Se identifican tres conclusiones: i) cambio en la comprensión del rol ciudadano, pasando de ser reactivo-espectador en la NGP a uno activo-participativo en la P-NGP; ii) modos de interacción como factores clave que marcan la transición hacia el concepto de P-NGP; y iii) acuerdos de gobernanza combinados, es decir, de arriba hacia abajo y de abajo hacia arriba
Emulsifying potential of Hypnea musciformis carrageenan: A natural alternative for oil-in-water emulsions
No full textBackground: Polysaccharides such as carrageenans, extracted from red algae, are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries due to their gelling, stabilizing, and emulsifying properties. However, the potential of carrageenan extracted from Hypnea musciformis, a red macroalga native to tropical coastal regions, remains underexplored, particularly in terms of its emulsifying properties. Objective: To evaluate the emulsifying potential of carrageenan extracted from H. musciformis by comparing the physicochemical stability of emulsions formulated with this biopolymer to those stabilized with sodium alginate (ALG), a widely used reference polysaccharide. Methods: Oil-in-water emulsions containing 20% sesame oil were elaborated using varying concentrations of carrageenan or ALG. Their physical stability was assessed through droplet size distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, surface tension, and visual inspection over 31 days of storage at room temperature. Results: Emulsions stabilized with carrageenan exhibited comparable droplet size, PDI, and surface tension values to those formulated with ALG, indicating similar emulsifying capacity. Notably, formulations containing 1% carrageenan demonstrated enhanced long-term physical stability. Zeta potential values remained consistently negative (−35 mV to −45 mV), suggesting electrostatic stabilization. Conclusion: Carrageenan extracted from Hypnea musciformis demonstrated effective emulsifying properties in 20% sesame oil emulsions, comparable to those of ALG. These findings support its potential as a natural emulsifier for food and cosmetic formulations, highlighting the relevance of exploring underutilized marine resources for biotechnological applications
Effect of tuber starch type on the sensory texture profile of traditional Colombian baked products
No full textBackground: This study evaluated the effect of replacing traditional cassava and maize starches with starches from arracacha, yam, and malanga on the sensory texture profile, instrumental texture parameters (TPA), color, and microstructure of four Colombian baked products: pandebono, pandeyuca, dusty cookies, and panderos. Objective: The aim was to determine how these alternative starches modified texture attributes and product appearance while maintaining acceptable sensory quality through adjustments in formulation and processing. A trained panel evaluated hardness, adhesiveness, fracturability, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness; color was measured using the CIELAB system; texture was analyzed instrumentally; and microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: arracacha starch increased cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and chewiness in pandebonos and panderos, yam starch produced higher hardness and changes in gumminess and cohesiveness in pandeyuca, and malanga starch yielded softer and less brittle textures in dusty cookies, consistent with its lower gelatinization temperature. SEM analyses confirmed variations in starch granule distribution and size that explained the observed differences in texture. Conclusions: incorporation of Andean tuber starches makes it possible to diversify traditional recipes, expand the range of naturally gluten-free products, and add value to Colombian gastronomy
Influence of ultrasonic pretreatment on the convective drying kinetics and quality of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)
No full textBackground: Convective drying of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a critical stage in its processing, and ultrasound (US) application may represent an innovative technology to optimize this process. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of ultrasound pretreatment (40 kHz/130 W for 10, 20 and 30 minutes) on the convective drying of cocoa (60 °C, 2 m/s), through the description of the drying kinetics, the determination of the effective diffusion and activation energy, as well as the identification of the most appropriate mathematical model to represent the process. Methods: Five thin-layer mathematical models based on Fick's second law for long periods were used, employing the moisture ratio as an independent variable. Experimental data were adjusted to these models to determine drying kinetics and mass transfer coefficients. Results: US significantly increased (p>0.05) the drying speed in all treated samples, reducing drying time by an average of 52% compared to the control. The Page model was the most appropriate for predicting experimental drying curves, explaining between 98.1% and 99.2% of the variance. The US application increased both the effective diffusivity and the mass transfer coefficient, achieving a 92% weight loss compared to the initial weight. Conclusions: The US is a cost-effective technology for the cocoa industry, improving production times and achieving significant energy savings while maintaining product quality
Desafíos en el registro civil en Brasil: : un análisis a la luz de los estudios de género y las teorías de la documentación
No full textThis investigation initiates with the question about what challenges do women, transgender individuals, and other groups in situations of social vulnerability face regarding the civil identification document registration and access to public policies in Brazil. The objective of the research is to analyze the impacts of the colonization of bodies and affections on access to civil identification documents. The relevance of the study lies in the recognition that Civil Registries not only record significant events but also play a crucial role in the construction of identity and social continuity, emphasizing the importance of these documents for access to citizenship and the preservation of historical memory. The research methodology is characterized as qualitative, exploratory, and documentary, employing interpretative analysis as the main approach for exploring and interpreting the data. The analytical corpus consists of a variety of informational sources related to civil registration, encompassing both normative instruments and published literature on the subject across various fields of knowledge. The results provide an analysis of the challenges and advancements in accessing civil registration, grounded in the theoretical frameworks of gender studies and decolonial studies. It is concluded that this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the social dynamics surrounding civil registration, pointing towards directions for promoting a more equitable citizenship. Esta investigación inicia con la pregunta sobre qué desafíos enfrentan las mujeres, las personas transgénero y otros grupos en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social en relación con el registro de documentos de identificación civil y el acceso a políticas públicas en Brasil. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar los impactos de la colonización de cuerpos y afectos en el acceso a documentos de identificación civil. La relevancia del estudio radica en el reconocimiento de que los registros civiles no solo registran eventos significativos, sino que también desempeñan un papel crucial en la construcción de la identidad y la continuidad social, además enfatiza la importancia de estos documentos para el acceso a la ciudadanía y la preservación de la memoria histórica. La metodología de investigación fue cualitativa, exploratoria y documental, con el análisis interpretativo como enfoque principal para explorar e interpretar los datos. El corpus analítico consistió en una variedad de fuentes informativas relacionadas con el registro civil, que abarca tanto instrumentos normativos como literatura publicada sobre el tema en diversos campos del conocimiento. Los resultados proporcionan un análisis de los desafíos y avances en el acceso al registro civil, fundamentado en los marcos teóricos de los estudios de género y los estudios decoloniales. Se concluye que este estudio contribuye a una comprensión más profunda de las dinámicas sociales que rodean el registro civil, y apunta a promover una ciudadanía más equitativa
Editorial: Epistemologías desde Abya-Yala: descolonizar la bibliotecología en territorios de disputa
No full textNormas Internacionais de Informação Financeira para a Sustentabilidade Corporativa com Especialização Contábil Universitária
No full textThis article explores the context of educational training and financial elements in line with the accounting standards model to examine the International Financial Reporting Standards for business sustainability, particularly in relation to university accounting. The statistical method and the survey technique were utilized to support the exploratory, descriptive, and correlational research methodology. An analysis was conducted on a sample of sixty university students who had exit profiles from the Accounting and Auditing program at the Universidad Técnica del Norte. The results were satisfactory, with an 85% participation rate, focused on accounting specialization, training, educational expectations and the guidelines of interest for business sustainability. This led to the conclusion that public accounting education plays a role in the development of professional educational competencies through the application of accounting standards for sustainability, thereby fostering academic innovation, sustainable progress, constructive stakeholder dialogue, and organizational well-being.El presente artículo consideró el contexto de formación educativa y aspectos financieros según el modelo de normas contables, para analizar las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera para sostenibilidad empresarial, con especialidad contable universitaria. La metodología de investigación fue exploratoria, descriptiva y correlacional, con soporte del método estadístico y la encuesta. Se examinó una muestra de 60 estudiantes universitarios con perfil de salida de la carrera de Contabilidad y Auditoría de la Universidad Técnica del Norte. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios, con un 85% de participación enfocada en especialidad contable, capacitación, expectativas educativas y pautas de interés por la sostenibilidad empresarial. Lo anterior permitió concluir que la educación en contaduría pública, con aplicación de estándares contables para la sostenibilidad contribuye al desarrollo de competencias educativas profesionales, con fortalecimiento académico innovador, para el avance sostenible, diálogo constructivo de grupos de interés y bienestar organizacional.Le présent article réfléchit sur le cadre de la formation éducative ainsi que sur les dimensions financières en accord avec le modèle des normes comptables, dans le but d’analyser les normes internationales d’information financière pour la durabilité des entreprises, tout en intégrant une spécialisation académique en comptabilité. La méthodologie de recherche adoptée était de nature exploratoire, descriptive et corrélationnelle, soutenue par des méthodes statistiques ainsi qu’une enquête. Un échantillon composé de 60 étudiants en fin de cursus en comptabilité et audit à l’Universidad Técnica del Nortea fait l’objet d’une analyse. Les résultats se sont révélés satisfaisants, avec 85 % des participants axés sur la spécialisation en comptabilité, la formation, les attentes en matière d’éducation ainsi que sur les directives concernant la durabilité des entreprises. Cela a permis de conclure que l’enseignement de la comptabilité publique, en intégrant l’application de normes comptables axées sur la durabilité, favorise le développement de compétences professionnelles éducatives, tout en offrant un renforcement académique inédit, contribuant à un progrès durable, à un dialogue constructif entre les parties prenantes et au bien-être organisationnel.Este artigo considerou o contexto da formação educacional e aspectos financeiros, segundo o modelo de normas contábeis, para analisar as Normas Internacionais de Informação Financeira para Sustentabilidade Corporativa, com especialização em contabilidade universitária. A metodologia de pesquisa foi exploratória, descritiva e correlacional, apoiada por métodos estatísticos e enquetes. Foi examinada uma amostra de 60 estudantes universitários com perfil de saída do curso de Contabilidade e Auditoria da Universidad Técnica del Norte. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, com 85% de participação focada em especialidade contábil, formação, expectativas educacionais e padrões de interesse em sustentabilidade corporativa. Tudo isso levou à conclusão de que a educação em contabilidade pública, com a aplicação das padrões contábeis para a sustentabilidade, contribui para o desenvolvimento de competências educacionais profissionais, com fortalecimento acadêmico inovador, para o avanço sustentável, diálogo construtivo com as partes interessadas e bem-estar organizacional