Revistas UDEA (Universidad de Antioquia)
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Ultrapassando as divisões linguísticas? Uma exploração crítica do papel da tradução automática na promoção da acessibilidade transcultural na literatura
No full textThis article is situated at the interstices of literary translation and language technology, and revolves around the multifaceted concept of Weltliteratur. It is conceived of as an invitation to a critical dialogue on leveraging machine translation to promote linguistic and cultural diversity in literature. In a globalised world where cultural flows are not equally distributed, the need arises to examine the role of machine translation as a tool to promote diversity in the linguistic and cultural landscape, thus establishing what might be considered a Weltliteratur. Drawing from mainstays in translation studies, computational linguistics, cultural and literary studies, this article proposes strategies for leveraging machine translation effectively, but also cautions against an all too simplistic adoption of language technology in the steadfast pursuit of a more diverse and inclusive literature. Ultimately, this article aims to spark a debate on the balance between technological efficiency and the complexities of cultural representation in literary translation.Este artículo se sitúa en los intersticios de la traducción literaria y la tecnología lingüística, y gira en torno al polifacético concepto de Weltliteratur. Se concibe como una invitación a un diálogo crítico sobre el aprovechamiento de la traducción automática para promover la diversidad lingüística y cultural en la literatura. En un mundo globalizado en el que los flujos culturales no se distribuyen por igual, surge la necesidad de examinar el papel de la traducción automática como herramienta para promover la diversidad en el panorama lingüístico y cultural, estableciendo así lo que podría considerarse una Weltliteratur. Basándose en los pilares de los estudios de traducción, la lingüística computacional y los estudios culturales y literarios, este artículo propone estrategias para aprovechar eficazmente la traducción automática, pero también advierte contra una adopción demasiado simplista de la tecnología lingüística en la búsqueda constante de una literatura más diversa e inclusiva. En última instancia, este artículo pretende suscitar un debate sobre el equilibrio entre la eficiencia tecnológica y las complejidades de la representación cultural en la traducción literaria.Cet article se situe à l’intersection de la traduction littéraire et de la technologie des langues, et s’articule autour du concept multiforme de Weltliteratur. Il est conçu comme une invitation à un dialogue critique sur l’utilisation de la traduction automatique pour promouvoir la diversité linguistique et culturelle dans la littérature. Dans un monde globalisé où les flux culturels ne sont pas répartis de manière égale, il est nécessaire d’examiner le rôle de la traduction automatique en tant qu’outil de promotion de la diversité dans le paysage linguistique et culturel, et d’établir ainsi ce qui pourrait être considéré comme une Weltliteratur. S’appuyant sur des piliers de la traductologie, de la linguistique informatique et des études culturelles et littéraires, cet article propose des stratégies pour exploiter efficacement la traduction automatique, mais met également en garde contre une adoption trop simpliste de la technologie linguistique dans la poursuite inébranlable d’une littérature plus diversifiée et plus inclusive. En fin de compte, cet article vise à susciter un débat sur l’équilibre entre l’efficacité technologique et les complexités de la représentation culturelle dans la traduction littéraire.Este artigo está situado nos interstícios da tradução literária e da tecnologia da linguagem, e gira em torno do conceito multifacetado de Weltliteratur. Ele foi concebido como um convite a um diálogo crítico sobre o aproveitamento da tradução automática para promover a diversidade linguística e cultural na literatura. Em um mundo globalizado onde os fluxos culturais não são distribuídos igualmente, surge a necessidade de examinar o papel da tradução automática como uma ferramenta para promover a diversidade no cenário linguístico e cultural, estabelecendo assim o que pode ser considerado uma Weltliteratur. Com base nos pilares dos estudos de tradução, da linguística computacional e dos estudos culturais e literários, este artigo propõe estratégias para aproveitar a tradução automática de forma eficaz, mas também adverte contra uma adoção muito simplista da tecnologia de linguagem na busca constante de uma literatura mais diversificada e inclusiva. Por fim, este artigo tem o objetivo de estimular um debate sobre o equilíbrio entre a eficiência tecnológica e as complexidades da representação cultural na tradução literária
Mediação linguistique e cultural no contexto da mobilidade acadêmica internacional: uma revisão sistemática
No full textThis article analyzes how functional the “mediation” category is in the context of higher education internationalization, as several research works report that international students must face multiple challenges during their academic stay abroad. To do this, we carry out a systematic review of empirical studies published between 2020 and 2023 that account for linguistic-cultural strains in international academic mobility scenarios. Particularly, we focus on conceptualizing the term “mediation”, what circumstances led to it, and which strategies were implemented to overcome barriers hindering intercomprehension. Drawing on the PRISMA statement guidelines, we designed a methodological path, which involved gathering together a sample of 43 entries for in-depth analysis. Findings reveal that implementing English as a medium of instruction in non-Anglophone countries is a stress factor in classrooms abroad. In response to this situation, translanguaging operates as the mediation strategy with the best potential to overcome communicational gaps in these scenarios as well as promoting multilingualism, inclusion, and educational equity for worldwide higher education. To conclude, we discuss the importance of universities including their research contributions on linguistic and cultural mediation in their language policy-making for local and international students.Este artículo analiza la operatividad de la categoría “mediación” en el contexto de la internacionalización de la educación superior, debido a que varias investigaciones reportan que el alumnado internacional debe sortear múltiples desafíos durante su estancia académica en el exterior. Para ello, se lleva a cabo una revisión sistemática de estudios empíricos publicados entre el 2020 y el 2023, que dan cuenta de tensiones lingüístico-culturales en escenarios de movilidad académica internacional. En particular, se centra la atención en la conceptualización del término “mediación”, las circunstancias que la propiciaron y las estrategias implementadas para superar las barreras que impedían la intercomprensión. La ruta metodológica se diseñó con base en las orientaciones de la declaración PRISMA; se constituyó una muestra de 43 registros para el análisis en profundidad. Los hallazgos del ejercicio revelan que la implementación del inglés como medio de instrucción en países no anglófonos es un factor de tensión en las aulas internacionales. En respuesta a esta situación, el translenguaje opera como la estrategia de mediación con mayor potencial para superar los desfases comunicativos en estos escenarios y para promover el multilingüismo, la inclusión y la equidad de la educación superior globalizada. A manera de conclusión, se discute la importancia de que las universidades incluyan los aportes investigativos sobre mediación lingüística y cultural en la formulación de políticas lingüísticas para estudiantes locales e internacionales.Cet article analyse la fonctionnalité de la catégorie « médiation » dans le contexte de l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur, car plusieurs travaux de recherche rapportent que les étudiants internationaux doivent faire face à de multiples défis au cours de leur séjour académique à l’étranger. Pour ce faire, nous procédons à une révision systématique des études empiriques publiées entre 2020 et 2023 qui tiennent compte des tensions linguistico-culturelles dans des scénarios de mobilité académique internationale. En particulier, nous nous concentrons sur la conceptualisation du terme « médiation », sur les circonstances qui l’ont générée et sur les stratégies mises en œuvre pour surmonter les obstacles à l’intercompréhension. En s’inspirant des lignes directrices de la déclaration PRISMA, nous avons conçu un parcours méthodologique qui a comporté la collecte d’un échantillon de 43 entrées pour une analyse approfondie. Les résultats révèlent que la mise en œuvre de l’anglais comme moyen d’enseignement dans les pays non anglophones est un facteur de contrainte dans les salles de classe à l’étranger. En réponse à cette situation, le translangage fonctionne comme la stratégie de médiation la meilleure pour surmonter les lacunes communicationnelles dans ces scénarios et pour promouvoir le multilinguisme, l’inclusion et l’équité éducative dans l’enseignement supérieur à l’échelle mondiale. Pour conclure, nous discutons de l’importance pour les universités d’inclure leurs résultats de recherche sur la médiation linguistique et culturelle dans l’élaboration de leurs politiques linguistiques pour les étudiants locaux et internationaux.Este artigo analisa o grau de funcionalidade da categoria “mediação” no contexto da internacionalização do ensino superior, já que vários trabalhos de pesquisa reportam que os alunos internacionais têm de enfrentar vários desafios durante sua estada acadêmica no exterior. Para isso, realizamos uma revisão sistemática de estudos empíricos publicados entre 2020 e 2023 que consideram as tensões linguístico-culturais em cenários de mobilidade acadêmica internacional. Em particular, nos concentramos em conceituar o termo “mediação”, quais circunstâncias levaram a isso e quais estratégias foram implementadas para superar as barreiras que impedem a intercompreensão. Com base nas diretrizes da declaração PRISMA, tem se desenvolvido um percurso metodológico que envolveu a coleta de uma amostra de 43 registros para uma análise em profundidade. Os resultados revelam que a implementação do inglês como meio de instrução em países não anglófonos é um fator de tensão nas salas de aula no estrangeiro. Em resposta a essa situação, a translinguagem funciona como a estratégia de mediação com o melhor potencial para superar as lacunas de comunicação nesses cenários, além de promover o multilinguismo, a inclusão e a igualdade educacional para o ensino superior no mundo todo. Para concluir, discutimos a importância de as universidades incluírem suas contribuições de pesquisa sobre mediação linguística e cultural na elaboração de suas políticas linguísticas para alunos locais e internacionais
Resenha: Oficina de linguística aplicada indisciplinar: homenagem a Luiz Paulo da Moita Lopes
No full textFactores asociados al logro de metas en pacientes con dislipidemia en atención primaria
No full textIntroduction: Dyslipidemia promotes atherosclerotic disease. A strategy to reduce this risk is to achieve low-density lipoprotein (LDL) goals; however, these are often not attained.
Objectives: To analyze variables associated with achieving proposed goals in primary care.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was conducted. Sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, cardiovascular risk categories, and statin use were included. Binomial regression was performed to obtain crude prevalence ratios (PR), and a multivariate model was used to determine variables associated with achieving LDL goals, represented by adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR).
Results: 147 patients were included. The median age was 63 years. 62.6% were female. 88.4% of patients were hypertensive. 43.5% had very high cardiovascular risk, and only 34.7% of patients met LDL goals. Factors associated with goal achievement in the bivariate analysis were: sex, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular risk, and statin intensity and type. In the multivariate model, being male (aPR 1.69), age (aPR 1.03), and hypertension (aPR 6.59) were significant; as was the degree of risk classified by guidelines: high risk (aPR 0.44), very high (aPR 0.07), and extreme (aPR 0.01).
Conclusions: LDL goal achievement in primary care is low. The main factors associated with achieving LDL goals are age, sex, and hypertension; while high cardiovascular risk is a factor that hinders goal attainment.Introducción: la dislipidemia favorece la enfermedad aterosclerótica. Una estrategia para reducir este riesgo es lograr metas de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), sin embargo, estas con frecuencia no son alcanzadas.
Objetivos: analizar qué variables están asociadas con alcanzar las metas propuestas en atención primaria.
Métodos: estudio transversal con enfoque analítico. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, comorbilidades, categorías de riesgo cardiovascular y estatinas. Se realizó regresión binomial para obtener razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas, y se utilizó un modelo multivariado para determinar variables asociadas al logro de metas de LDL representado en razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa).
Resultados: se incluyeron 147 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 63 años. El 62,6% era mujer. El 88,4% de los pacientes era hipertenso. El 43,5% tenía riesgo cardiovascular muy alto, y solo el 34,7% de los pacientes cumplía metas de LDL. Los factores asociados con el logro de metas en el análisis bivariado fueron: sexo, diabetes, hipertensión, riesgo cardiovascular, e intensidad y tipo de estatina. En el modelo multivariado fueron significativos el ser hombre (RPa 1,69), la edad (RPa 1,03) y la hipertensión (RPa 6,59); también lo fue el grado de riesgo clasificado por guía, así: alto riesgo (RPa 0,44), muy alto (RPa 0,07) y extremo (RPa 0,01).
Conclusiones: el logro de metas de LDL en el primer nivel de atención es bajo. Los principales factores asociados a lograr metas de LDL son la edad, el sexo y la hipertensión; mientras que el riesgo cardiovascular alto es un factor que dificulta conseguir metas
Síndrome perisilviano bilateral congénito asociado a secuencia de Pierre Robin: Reporte de caso
No full textIntroduction: Pierre Robin sequence is characterized by the classic triad of congenital micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction. It is caused by various etiologies, including cortical development malformations as seen in congenital perisylvian syndrome.Clinical Case Presentation: We report a case of a 31-week preterm newborn girl who exhibited the classic triad of Pierre Robin sequence during physical examination, later developing complications such as epileptic seizures, airway obstruction, and swallowing disorder. During the etiological investigation, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilateral polymicrogyria, confirming a diagnosis of bilateral perisylvian syndrome.Conclusions: Cortical development malformations, such as congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome, are part of the etiological spectrum in Pierre Robin sequence, especially those presenting with pseudobulbar paralysis, epileptic seizures, and central origin hypotonia.
Proofreading: Julián Laverde-RestrepoIntroducción: la secuencia de Pierre Robin consiste en la tríada clásica de micrognatia congénita, glosoptosis y obstrucción de las vías respiratorias. Se presenta por diferentes etiologías, entre ellas las malformaciones del desarrollo cortical como el síndrome perisilviano congénito.Presentación del caso clínico: reportamos un caso de una recién nacida pretérmino de 31 semanas, quien presentó en el examen físico la triada clásica de la secuencia de Pierre Robin, posteriormente con complicaciones tales como: crisis epilépticas, obstrucción de vías respiratorias y trastorno en la deglución. Durante la búsqueda de su etiología, se evidencia, mediante resonancia magnética cerebral, polimicrogiria bilateral, por lo que es compatible con un síndrome perisilviano bilateral.Conclusiones: las malformaciones del desarrollo cortical, como el síndrome perisilviano bilateral congénito, hacen parte del espectro etiológico en la secuencia de Pierre Robin, especialmente aquellas que presentan parálisis pseudobulbar, crisis epilépticas e hipotonía de origen central.
Revisión de estilo: Julian Laverde-Restrep
Factores asociados al nivel de ocupación en un servicio de urgencias de alta complejidad en Medellín
No full textIntroduction: Emergency department (ED) occupancy is influenced by multiple factors, with overcrowding becoming increasingly prevalent. This complex phenomenon is challenging to be measured and negatively impacts patient care delivery.
Objectives: To determine the ED occupancy level at Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellin, using the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study (NEDOCS), analyzing hospital service factors, processes, physical capacity, and human resources.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. ED occupancy levels were measured continuously over two weeks. Statistical analysis included univariate, bivariate (Chi-square and Spearman correlation), and multivariate (multiple linear regression) analyses.
Results: NEDOCS indicated dangerously overcrowded conditions 98.2% of the time. Correlation between the emergency physician’s perception and NEDOCS scores showed p=0.526. Multivariate model revealed associations with total ED patients (p=0.427), total patients in resuscitation area (p=0.436), and total ED-admitted patients (p<0.01), with an adjusted R2 of 23%.
Conclusions: ED occupancy levels remained dangerously overcrowded during most of the study period. Development of an explanatory model for factors associated with ED occupancy levels was precluded by the constant nature of the outcome variable.Introducción: la ocupación de urgencias depende de múltiples factores y cada vez es más frecuente la sobreocupación, un problema difícil de medir y que impacta de forma negativa en el proceso de atención de los pacientes.
Objetivos: determinar el nivel de ocupación del servicio de urgencias del Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, mediante la aplicación de la escala NEDOCS (National Emergency Department Overcrowding Study) según los factores hospitalarios de servicio, procesos, capacidad física y recursos humanos.
Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal analítico que midió el nivel de ocupación de urgencias durante dos semanas continuas mediante análisis univariado, bivariado (χ2 y correlación de Spearman) y multivariado (regresión lineal múltiple).
Resultados: se reportó un nivel peligrosamente congestionado según NEDOCS el 98,2 % del tiempo. Asociando el nivel de ocupación según la percepción del urgenciólogo con NEDOCS, se obtuvo p = 0,526, y para el modelo multivariado, el total de pacientes en urgencias (p = 0,427), el total de pacientes en el área de reanimación (p = 0,436), el total de pacientes hospitalizados en urgencias (p = 0,01) y R2 ajustado de 23 %.
Conclusiones: el nivel de ocupación estuvo en peligrosamente congestionado la mayor parte del tiempo. No fue posible determinar los factores asociados al nivel de ocupación de urgencias mediante un modelo explicativo por el comportamiento constante de la variable desenlace
Caracterización, diagnóstico y manejo multidisciplinario del tumor de Wilms/nefroblastoma de presentación tardía: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
No full textIntroduction: Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is a renal neoplasm that originates from alterations in renal embryogenesis. It predominantly affects pediatric patients (only 3% occur in adults) and has a significant genetic component, being associated with syndromes such as Denys-Drash, Perlman, and Beckwith-Wiedemann. The initial clinical presentation typically includes an abdominal mass (usually detected at advanced stages) with intermittent hematuria, and may involve adjacent organs.Treatment: Management should be multimodal and multidisciplinary, with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy as the mainstays, their appropriateness and sequence determined according to staging protocols from the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) and the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP).Case report: We present a case of Wilms tumor in an adult patient, describing clinical and paraclinical features, surgical approach, pathological studies performed, and selected chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens.Introducción: el tumor de Wilms o nefroblastoma es una neoplasia renal que se origina por alteraciones en la embriogénesis renal. Predomina en edad pediátrica (solo el 3 % corresponde a adultos) y tiene un componente genético importante, asociado a síndromes como Denys-Drash, Perlman y Beckwith-Wiedemann. Su manifestación clínica inicial suele ser una masa abdominal (detectada casi siempre en estadios avanzados) acompañada de hematuria intermitente, y puede comprometer órganos cercanos.Tratamiento: debe ser multimodal y con enfoque multidisciplinario, incluyendo cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia, cuya pertinencia y secuencia se determinan según la estadificación realizada de acuerdo con los protocolos internacionales del Children’s Oncology Group (COG) y la International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP).Caso clínico: se reporta un caso de tumor de Wilms en un paciente adulto, con descripción de sus características clínicas y paraclínicas, abordaje quirúrgico, estudios patológicos realizados y esquemas de quimioterapia y radioterapia elegidos
Teaching Competencies in Nursing Professors: Visions of Students and Academics
No full textObjective. This work sought to know the view of Nursing professors and students about the competencies the faculty staff must have to deploy their educational function with maximum quality and efficiency.
Methods. Descriptive qualitative study through focus groups conducted with professors, students and recent Nursing career graduates from universities in Spain.
Results. The importance of the proposed teaching competencies was delved into, highlighting the importance of professors knowing the context in which they teach, having the ability to self-evaluate their activity, and having adequate interpersonal communication skills, and deploy the teaching-learning process by performing proper planning, using new technologies, and knowing how to engage in teamwork. Moreover, a small discrepancy was detected in relation to disciplinary competence, which students felt was of importance, but which academics indicated is taken for granted in nursing professors; competencies directly related to the act of teaching must be enhanced.
Conclusion. Practical unanimity was found between academics and students in affirming that the competencies investigated are important for adequate development of the teaching activity in nursing professors. In all cases, the urgent need was highlighted for nursing professors to have adequate teaching training to provide their students with formation of the highest quality
Educational intervention on perceived stress among adults with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: a non-randomized clinical trial
No full textObjective. To assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention on perceived stress and metabolic syndrome parameters among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Method. Fifty-one adults (aged 48.73±7.84; 86.3% of women) were included in a non-randomized clinical trial performed in a healthcare unit for six months (Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry: RBR-43K52N). All participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (intervention group, n=26; control group, n=25). The intervention consisted of a nurse-led educational health-promoting program with a multidisciplinary approach organized in seven workshops. The primary outcome was decreased perceived stress, and the secondary outcome was improvement in metabolic syndrome parameters according to perceived stress levels. These outcomes were assessed at two points in time, at the baseline and follow-up.
Results. Participation in the intervention program resulted in a significant decrease in perceived stress (p=0.028). The stressed participants in the intervention group experienced a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (p=0.001) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p=0.003) concentrations after the six-month intervention.
Conclusion. The nurse-led educational health-promoting program decreased perceived stress among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, improving fasting blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the stressed participants in the intervention group
Predictive Role of Resilience and Hope on Adherence to Treatment in Hemodialysis Patients
No full textObjective. To determine the predictive role of resilience and hope on adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patients hospitalized in two hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran).
Methods. This is a descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in 2021-2022 on 120 patients treated in hemodialysis sections in Namazi and Shahid Faqihi teaching hospitals. Sampling was conducted using a stratified random method. Demographic information questionnaires, Connor and Davidson's resilience, Snyder's hope and adherence to kidney patients' treatment questionnaires were used to collect the data.
Results. The finds showed that the levels of resilience, hope, and adherence to treatment had hight level. More specifically, it was indicated that the mean and standard deviation for the total resilience score, the hope variable, and adherence to total treatment was 75.45±14.34, 40.43±3.66, and 80.12±18.20, respectively; which have maximum possible scores of 100, 48 and 100. Thus, it can be said that no correlation was observed between resilience and adherence to treatment variables (p>0.05); hope variable and adherence to treatment (p>0.05), and adherence to treatment with hope and resilience variables (p>0.05). However, hope and resilience variables showed a direct and weak correlation with each other (r=0.36, p<0.05); that is, patients who had more hope indicated better resilience as well.
Conclusion. Although in this study we found that the resilience and hope variables were not able to predict the treatment adherence, hope and resilience indicated a direct and weak correlation. It is recommended that nurses should pay more attention to hope and resilience of hemodialysis patients in order to promote their health