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Defining the Individual: Artificial Intelligence, Natural Persons, and Defining Who and What Can Create Patentable Inventions
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The International Proliferation of American-Style Plea Bargaining: From Seeking Justice to Seeking Efficiency
Full text linkPeyton Edelso
The Human Right to Development as a New Foundation for International Economic Law
Full text linkThis Article, drawing from the 2022 Gillian White Lecture on International Economic Law at the University of Manchester, argues that the emerging human right to development—as articulated in the 1986 Declaration on the Right to Development and the April 2022 Draft Convention on the Right to Development—introduces a new normative foundation for international economic law, especially in its definition of the right to development as the right of “every human person and peoples . . . by virtue of which they are entitled to participate in, contribute to, and enjoy civil, cultural, economic, political and social development that is indivisible from and interrelated with all other human rights and fundamental freedoms,” and where they “have the right to active, free and meaningful participation in development and in the fair distribution of benefits resulting therefrom.” This Article contends that the human right to development stands to shift our framing of international economic law, precisely because the human right to development directly involves both the development decision-making process and the actual lived development outcomes for human persons and all peoples. The April 2022 Draft Convention elaborates specific international obligations, including duties to cooperate, specific and remedial measures for marginalized and vulnerable persons and peoples, indigenous peoples’ rights, sustainable development, among others, that focus on implementing the right to development within the global, regional, and national economic systems of decision-making. Finally, the human right to development could ultimately constitute a relevant rule under Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties for informing the interpretation of “development” as widely used throughout international economic treaties
Who Wins? Analyzing Global ESG Reporting Through the EU\u27s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and the Evolving U.S. Scheme
Full text linkJonathon Artigue
Add Women and Stir: Esther Duflo and Feminist Epistemology of Randomized Control Trials in the Field of Development
Full text linkIn 2019, Esther Duflo became the second woman to ever win a Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for her groundbreaking contributions to development economics through the innovative application of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Duflo’s transformative approach involved adapting RCTs from the medical field to address complex social issues. As Duflo gained prominence, she endorsed a shift towards empirically driven and gender-blind development policies. Her endorsement prompted scrutiny from the feminist economist community who argued that Duflo’s RCT method came with limitations that overshadowed its potential to address systemic inequalities, specifically women’s empowerment. Duflo’s decision to pioneer the use of RCTs in the field of development has sparked a question within the economic community: what form of research methodology works to achieve both gender equality and holistic development goals
Stress Responses in Captive African Painted Dogs (Lycaon pictus) After Removal of a Pack Member and its Relation to Pack Cohesiveness
Full text linkAfrican painted dogs, Lycaon pictus, have a highly complex social structure characterized by an alpha-breeding pair, a high degree of social cohesion, and group living. This research examines whether this social system is significantly impacted by the removal and reintroduction of a single pack member by conducting a comparative analysis of pack cohesiveness and stress responses before and after the removal period. Behavioral observations of captive African painted dogs were assessed over this timeline to determine the degree of similarity in frequencies of targeted behaviors. The African painted dog pack at the Audubon Zoo served as the subject of analysis in both the pre-removal and post-removal observation. Results indicate that the removal of the beta female was a stressful event that increased stress levels in the pack as a whole. Stress levels and the frequency of stress-response behaviors significantly decreased following the individual\u27s reintroduction. Furthermore, pack cohesiveness improved throughout the duration of the study. The African painted dogs likely used contact resting as a coping mechanism for the stress caused by the removal. Zoo management should model the protocols carried out through the pack\u27s reintroduction process as a guide for future removal events to increase the probability of successful removal and reintroduction