University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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Och i Wienerwald står träden kvar av Elisabeth Åsbrink som en litterär representation av den svenska minneskulturen kring det andra världskriget
Get PDFThe purpose of the article is to show the way in which Elisabeth Åsbrink’s literary reportageOch i Wienerwald står träden kvar can promote and influence the creation of memorial imagesconcerning Swedish neutrality during the Second World War and Sweden‘s participationin the global legacy of the Holocaust. In doing so, the analysis examines narrative instanceand identifies textual strategies that promote the spread of a certain form of collective memory
La fiction et les sciences. "Palafox" d’Éric Chevillard
Get PDFThis article focuses on the role of science in Palafox by Éric Chevillard. Its objective is to study the way in which the writer exploits it on the diegetic and narrative levels to create unparalleled prose, transcending the usual literary canons. The scientific element functions here in a different way than in popular stories and plays a role similar to the Oulipian constraint: it serves as a textual generator supposed to produce a completely original novel which eschews rigid structures and classic narrative mechanisms. Drawing on research relating to the scientific novel, this article ultimately seeks to demonstrate that Palafox, inspired by the life sciences, is an ecological novel which, without tedious didacticism, encourages us to reflect on the way in which people treat living creatures that have accompanied them for centuries – animals.This article focuses on the role of science in Palafox by Éric Chevillard. Its objective is to study the way in which the writer exploits it on the diegetic and narrative levels to create unparalleled prose, transcending the usual literary canons. The scientific element functions here in a different way than in popular stories and plays a role similar to the Oulipian constraint: it serves as a textual generator supposed to produce a completely original novel which eschews rigid structures and classic narrative mechanisms. Drawing on research relating to the scientific novel, this article ultimately seeks to demonstrate that Palafox, inspired by the life sciences, is an ecological novel which, without tedious didacticism, encourages us to reflect on the way in which people treat living creatures that have accompanied them for centuries – animals.This article focuses on the role of science in Palafox by Éric Chevillard. Its objective is to study the way in which the writer exploits it on the diegetic and narrative levels to create unparalleled prose, transcending the usual literary canons. The scientific element functions here in a different way than in popular stories and plays a role similar to the Oulipian constraint: it serves as a textual generator supposed to produce a completely original novel which eschews rigid structures and classic narrative mechanisms. Drawing on research relating to the scientific novel, this article ultimately seeks to demonstrate that Palafox, inspired by the life sciences, is an ecological novel which, without tedious didacticism, encourages us to reflect on the way in which people treat living creatures that have accompanied them for centuries – animals
Writing irony and expressing violence in Life and a half: stylistic performance
No full text„Życie i pół” charakteryzuje się historią mieszkańców Katamalanasii, wraz z wieloma ich kolejnymi przewodnikami, rządzonymi przez represyjną władzę. Narrator krytycznie przygląda się temu zarządzaniu. Używając okrężnego języka, ukazuje społeczeństwo nękane przemocą i ofiarę politycznej perwersji. Opierając się na tym założeniu, hipoteza jest taka, że narrator przyjmuje ironiczną postawę, aby opisać przemoc. Jak zatem skonstruowana jest ironia w Półtora życia , aby podkreślić przemoc? Celem opracowania jest ukazanie, w jaki sposób ironiczny sposób ekspresji pomaga wyrazić okropności tej powieści i jaki wpływ wywiera to na czytelnika. Badanie, posługując się stylistyką strukturalną, ujawnia dyskurs zacierający znaczenie, udaremniając pakt czytelniczy. Procesy fałszywego pozoru, paradoksu i enuncjacyjnego dublowania pomagają demaskować nadużycia państw postniepodległych.„Życie i pół” charakteryzuje się historią mieszkańców Katamalanasii, wraz z wieloma ich kolejnymi przewodnikami, rządzonymi przez represyjną władzę. Narrator krytycznie przygląda się temu zarządzaniu. Używając okrężnego języka, ukazuje społeczeństwo nękane przemocą i ofiarę politycznej perwersji. Opierając się na tym założeniu, hipoteza jest taka, że narrator przyjmuje ironiczną postawę, aby opisać przemoc. Jak zatem skonstruowana jest ironia w Półtora życia , aby podkreślić przemoc? Celem opracowania jest ukazanie, w jaki sposób ironiczny sposób ekspresji pomaga wyrazić okropności tej powieści i jaki wpływ wywiera to na czytelnika. Badanie, posługując się stylistyką strukturalną, ujawnia dyskurs zacierający znaczenie, udaremniając pakt czytelniczy. Procesy fałszywego pozoru, paradoksu i enuncjacyjnego dublowania pomagają demaskować nadużycia państw postniepodległych.„Życie i pół” charakteryzuje się historią mieszkańców Katamalanasii, wraz z wieloma ich kolejnymi przewodnikami, rządzonymi przez represyjną władzę. Narrator krytycznie przygląda się temu zarządzaniu. Używając okrężnego języka, ukazuje społeczeństwo nękane przemocą i ofiarę politycznej perwersji. Opierając się na tym założeniu, hipoteza jest taka, że narrator przyjmuje ironiczną postawę, aby opisać przemoc. Jak zatem skonstruowana jest ironia w Półtora życia , aby podkreślić przemoc? Celem opracowania jest ukazanie, w jaki sposób ironiczny sposób ekspresji pomaga wyrazić okropności tej powieści i jaki wpływ wywiera to na czytelnika. Badanie, posługując się stylistyką strukturalną, ujawnia dyskurs zacierający znaczenie, udaremniając pakt czytelniczy. Procesy fałszywego pozoru, paradoksu i enuncjacyjnego dublowania pomagają demaskować nadużycia państw postniepodległych
Przymiotniki wartościujące "głupi" i "mądry" w kontaktach społecznych
Get PDFAmong the numerous judgemental adjectives, one can encounter two which are of interest for this research, namely wise and stupid, or rather mądry and głupi as this study deals with the Polish language. The question was posed how the adjectives in question function in social discourse. To search for the answer to the aforementioned question, a survey was conducted. It was prepared with the help of Google Forms and contained 15 questions. 58 people, students of secondary school and university, took part in the survey in November 2023. In the conduct of the research, the author tried to find out whether (and if, how often) the respondents use the selected adjectives, towards whom or in what circumstances. Moreover, one of the hypotheses of the present research was that the respondents would show the tendencies visible in the Polish society, and actually they did.Wśród licznych przymiotników wartościujących w języku polskim napotkać można między innymi dwa, tj. mądry i głupi, które stanowią obiekt zainteresowania niniejszej analizy. Postawiono pytanie, w jaki sposób wyżej wspomniane przymiotniki funkcjonują w dyskursie społecznym. W poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi na tak postawione pytanie, przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe. Kwestionariusz został opracowany przy pomocy Google Forms i zawierał 15 pytań. 58 osób, uczniów szkoły ponadpodstawowej i studentów uniwersytetu wzięło udział w ankiecie w listopadzie 2023. Przeprowadzając badanie, autor podjął próbę znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytania czy (a jeśli tak, to jak często) ankietowani używają wybranych przymiotników, w stosunku do kogo i w jakich okolicznościach. Ponadto, jedną z hipotez badawczych niniejszej analizy było założenie, że badani wykażą tendencje widoczne w polskim społeczeństwie w odniesieniu do wyżej wspomnianych aspektów użycia podanych przymiotników i wyniki potwierdziły owo założenie
Icelandic-English code-switching among young people on social media
Get PDFThis study is based on the analysis of code-switching (CS) between Icelandic and English in status updates, wall comments and Mes-senger conversations of Icelandic secondary school students on Facebook. Surprisingly, in light of the current concerns about the rapidly growing use of English in the Icelandic speech community, the average proportion of English in the total vocabulary is only 3%. CS is more common in closed personal chats than in the open environment of status updates and wall posts. However, the proportion of English vocabulary ranges from 0.16% in a private conversation about home-work up to 30.47% in a playful chat about popular culture. The primary functions of CS are lexical need, emphasis, interjection, playfulness and promoting relationships. The two most determinant factors regarding the application of CS are the linguistic environment and the topic in question.This study is based on the analysis of code-switching (CS) between Icelandic and English in status updates, wall comments and Messenger conversations of Icelandic secondary school students on Facebook. Surprisingly, in light of the current concerns about the rapidly growing use of English in the Icelandic speech community, the average proportion of English in the total vocabulary is only 3%. CS is more common in closed personal chats than in the open environment of status updates and wall posts. However, the proportion of English vocabulary ranges from 0.16% in a private conversation about home-work up to 30.47% in a playful chat about popular culture. The primary functions of CS are lexical need, emphasis, interjection, playfulness and promoting relationships. The two most determinant factors regarding the application of CS are the linguistic environment and the topic in question.This study is based on the analysis of code-switching (CS) between Icelandic and English in status updates, wall comments and Mes-senger conversations of Icelandic secondary school students on Facebook. Surprisingly, in light of the current concerns about the rapidly growing use of English in the Icelandic speech community, the average proportion of English in the total vocabulary is only 3%. CS is more common in closed personal chats than in the open environment of status updates and wall posts. However, the proportion of English vocabulary ranges from 0.16% in a private conversation about home-work up to 30.47% in a playful chat about popular culture. The primary functions of CS are lexical need, emphasis, interjection, playfulness and promoting relationships. The two most determinant factors regarding the application of CS are the linguistic environment and the topic in question.Niniejsze badanie opiera się na analizie przełączania kodów językowych (CS) między islandzkim a angielskim w aktualizacjach statusów, postach na tablicy i rozmowach na Messengerze wśród islandzkich uczniów szkół średnich na Facebooku. Zaskakującym wynikiem, biorąc pod uwagę aktualne obawy związane z gwałtownym wzrostem użycia języka angielskiego w islandzkiej społeczności językowej, jest fakt, że udział słownictwa angielskiego w ogólnym zasobie słownictwa wynosi zaledwie 3%. Zmiana kodu językowego jest bardziej powszechna w zamkniętych, osobistych czatach niż w otwartym środowisku tzn. aktualizacja statusów i posty na tablicy. Proporcja słownictwa równi się znacznie, od 0,16% w prywatnych rozmowach dotyczących prac domowych, do 30,47% w swobodnym dialogu na temat popkultury. Kluczowe funkcje zmiany kodu obejmują potrzeby leksykalne, podkreślenia, wtrącenia, żartobliwość oraz budowanie relacji. Dwoma najważniejszymi czynnikami decydującymi o wykorzystaniu zmiany językowej są kontekst językowy oraz tematyka rozmowy.This study is based on the analysis of code-switching (CS) between Icelandic and English in status updates, wall comments and Mes-senger conversations of Icelandic secondary school students on Facebook. Surprisingly, in light of the current concerns about the rapidly growing use of English in the Icelandic speech community, the average proportion of English in the total vocabulary is only 3%. CS is more common in closed personal chats than in the open environment of status updates and wall posts. However, the proportion of English vocabulary ranges from 0.16% in a private conversation about home-work up to 30.47% in a playful chat about popular culture. The primary functions of CS are lexical need, emphasis, interjection, playfulness and promoting relationships. The two most determinant factors regarding the application of CS are the linguistic environment and the topic in question
Pomeranian landscapes of modernist Zaspa. Concepts of revitalisation of the housing estate
Get PDFZaspa is a neighbourhood in Gdansk with a long locational history and numerous build-ups. It is situated in a complex landscape between the coastal strip and moraine hills. The housing estates built here in the 1970s followed the postulates of modernist urbanism, ignoring the topographical and natural specifics and the regional heritage. The result was an ergonomic but anonymous space with many current strengths and still apparent deficiencies. As part of the student projects, the topic of revitalising a housing estate was undertaken, especially as it is a global problem. Thus, the working methods can be evaluated and the advantages of these methods adaptable to further case studies can be presented. The article reports on two cycles of a course conducted at the Faculty of Architecture, Gdansk University of Technology. The objectives of the work, the methods and the results are presented with reference to the scale of the global planetary crisis
Pozycja pierwszych wojewodów lubelskich w polskiej elicie władzy (druga połowa XV– początek XVI wieku)
Get PDFThe first voivodes of Lublin (from 1474 to the beginning of the sixteenth century) were members of the ruling elite and active, although not leading, participants in political life in Poland. They achieved their position in the service of Polish kings. They gained access to them mainly owing to family connections with people who played or used to play an important political role. Appointments to the Lublin office were received by candidates who had previously held castellan offices. They were in their fifties or older, but by the categories of the day they were approaching old age and did not have much prospect for further career advancement. Although four of the discussed voivodes were promoted to the voivodship of Sandomierz, this was rather a gesture to honour them as people who were already leaving the political scene. Nevertheless, the elevation of the highest Lublin land office from castellan to voivode increased the importance of those who held it in the decisionmaking circles of the Kingdom of Poland. This happened at a time when a new political system developed, one in which the parliament played a key role.The first voivodes of Lublin (from 1474 to the beginning of the sixteenth century) were members of the ruling elite and active, although not leading, participants in political life in Poland. They achieved their position in the service of Polish kings. They gained access to them mainly owing to family connections with people who played or used to play an important political role. Appointments to the Lublin office were received by candidates who had previously held castellan offices. They were in their fifties or older, but by the categories of the day they were approaching old age and did not have much prospect for further career advancement. Although four of the discussed voivodes were promoted to the voivodship of Sandomierz, this was rather a gesture to honour them as people who were already leaving the political scene. Nevertheless, the elevation of the highest Lublin land office from castellan to voivode increased the importance of those who held it in the decisionmaking circles of the Kingdom of Poland. This happened at a time when a new political system developed, one in which the parliament played a key role
Czy Agata, żona anglosaskiego księcia Edwarda Wygnańca, mogła być córką Mieszka II?
Get PDFOne of the mysteries in the history of eleventh-century England is the origin of Agatha, the wife of the Anglo-Saxon prince Edward the Exile. After the death of his father – Edmund Ironside – in 1016, he and his brother Edmund were expelled from England by Canute the Great. Edward probably first stayed in Sweden and Rus’, and then settled in Hungary; in the meantime, his brother died. While in exile, he married Agatha, with whom he had three children: Margaret, Cristina and Edgar Aetheling. In 1057, Edward returned to England, where he soon died. His children played a significant role in history. Edgar Aetheling fought against William the Conqueror after the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Margaret became the wife of King of Scotland, and their daughter Matilda married King of England in 1100.
Due to imprecise and relatively late information in sources, there are many hypotheses regarding Agatha’s ancestors. According to the most popular ones, she was of imperial, Rus’ or Hungarian descent. A different hypothesis suggests that she came from the Piast dynasty – she was the daughter of and Richeza. However, all the hypotheses have considerable gaps that make them difficult to accept.
We believe that Agatha was of high birth but did not come from the main branch of a ruling family or was an illegitimate child, and the source references to her imperial or royal descent are a political legend created at the court of her granddaughter Matilda, wife of King of England. It seems probable that she came from Rus’.One of the mysteries in the history of eleventh-century England is the origin of Agatha, the wife of the Anglo-Saxon prince Edward the Exile. After the death of his father – Edmund Ironside – in 1016, he and his brother Edmund were expelled from England by Canute the Great. Edward probably first stayed in Sweden and Rus’, and then settled in Hungary; in the meantime, his brother died. While in exile, he married Agatha, with whom he had three children: Margaret, Cristina and Edgar Aetheling. In 1057, Edward returned to England, where he soon died. His children played a significant role in history. Edgar Aetheling fought against William the Conqueror after the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Margaret became the wife of King of Scotland, and their daughter Matilda married King of England in 1100.
Due to imprecise and relatively late information in sources, there are many hypotheses regarding Agatha’s ancestors. According to the most popular ones, she was of imperial, Rus’ or Hungarian descent. A different hypothesis suggests that she came from the Piast dynasty – she was the daughter of and Richeza. However, all the hypotheses have considerable gaps that make them difficult to accept.
We believe that Agatha was of high birth but did not come from the main branch of a ruling family or was an illegitimate child, and the source references to her imperial or royal descent are a political legend created at the court of her granddaughter Matilda, wife of King of England. It seems probable that she came from Rus’
Ku zrównoważeniu finansów publicznych ubezpieczeń emerytalnych
No full textThe following study is composed of an introduction, three main parts (historical, logical and statistical) and conclusions. This structure allows the author to explain why the issue of the financial sustainability of pension insurance is a matter of crucial importance for public finance. In most countries the systems of old-age benefits for citizens is based on the pay-as-you-go model of pension insurance from the nineteenth century. It is hard to explain why the scheme remains the core solution for the social security of citizens after they have reached retirement age. The management of resources is, as mentioned above, based on the pay-as-you-go scheme that was established over 130 years ago and is now viewed as archaic from an economic point of view. Any attempt to interfere with system solutions results in social dissatisfaction while creating further problems for public finances. At the same time, the failure to resolve these problems threatens to bankrupt pension insurance systems. In the worst-case scenario, it could actually result in the collapse of state budgets. These are the problems that inspired the author to conduct the study.Niniejsze opracowanie składa się ze wstępu oraz trzech części: historycznej, logicznej i statystycznej, a także z wniosków. Daje to możliwość próby odpowiedzi na pytanie – dlaczego zrównoważenie finansów ubezpieczeń emerytalnych ma kluczowe znaczenie dla finansów publicznych? W większości państw podstawą zabezpieczenia emerytalnego obywateli jest pochodzący z XIX w. model repartycyjny ubezpieczeń emerytalnych. Nie da się racjonalnie uzasadnić, dlaczego jest on nadal podstawową formą mającą zapewnić bezpieczeństwo socjalne obywateli po osiągnięciu wieku emerytalnego. Gospodarowanie wspomnianymi środkami funduszu emerytalnego opiera się w praktyce na archaicznej, wprowadzonej ponad 130 lat temu metodzie repartycyjnej. Każdorazowa próba ingerencji w rozwiązania systemu powoduje z jednej strony społeczne niezadowolenie, a z drugiej kolejne problemy finansów publicznych. Natomiast brak ich rozwiązania grozi bankructwem systemu ubezpieczeń emerytalnych, a w niesprzyjających okolicznościach może grozić nawet bankructwem budżetu państwa. Są to problemy, które zainspirowały autora do badań zawartych w artykule