University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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Mechanizm ustalania odpowiedniego minimalnego wynagrodzenia w świetle dyrektywy (UE) 2022/2041 z perspektywy prawnej i ekonomicznej – przypadek Polski
No full textThe article focuses on issues related to the implementation of Directive (EU) 2022/2041 on adequate minimum wages in the European Union in the Polish legal order. To this end, the authors analyze the provisions of the Directive and the mechanism for determining the minimum wage set forth in the Polish Minimum Wage Act. The purpose of the article is to indicate the legal regulations that should be introduced into the Polish law on the minimum wage in order to implement Directive 20022/2041. The article takes into account the legal and economic aspects of the issue analyzed. The research methodology of the article includes analysis and synthesis based on the existing literature on the subject.
Artykuł koncentruje się na kwestiach związanych z wdrożeniem dyrektywy (UE) 2022/2041 dotyczącej odpowiednich minimalnych wynagrodzeń w Unii Europejskiej do polskiego porządku prawnego. W tym celu autorzy analizują postanowienia dyrektywy oraz mechanizm ustalania minimalnego wynagrodzenia określony w polskiej ustawie o minimalnym wynagrodzeniu. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie przepisów prawnych, które powinny zostać wprowadzone do polskiego prawa dotyczącego minimalnego wynagrodzenia w celu wdrożenia dyrektywy 2022/2041. Opracowanie uwzględnia aspekty prawne i ekonomiczne analizowanego zagadnienia. Metodologia badawcza artykułu obejmuje analizę i syntezę opartą na istniejącej literaturze przedmiotu
Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 trait correlates with self-reported acts of rape
Get PDFBackground:Sexual aggression researchers have identified “dark triad” personality traits as potential etiologic contributors to rape perpetration. The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) canvasses trait dimensions that underlie a proposed hybrid diagnostic model for the personality disorders.Participants and procedure:Associations between PID-5 item/facet/domain scores and self-reported acts of rape were examined in a national survey of men (N = 517) administered on a crowdsourcing platform.Results:Pervasive associations were found between various PID-5 risk indicators and acts of oral, anal, or vaginal physical contact with nonconsenting partner(s). While dimensional correlation coefficients were modest in size, odds ratios for elevated PID-5 facet dimensions were substantial. The odds of self-reported rape increased with the trait elevation count in a graded fashion. Selected PID-5 subscale dimensions (callousness, irresponsibility, grandiosity, intimacy avoidance, distractibility, and attention seeking) were significant correlates of self-reported rape. A subset of PID-5 items accounted for unshared variance in the criterion measures. Scores from the PID-5 appeared to provide useful risk indicators of sexual aggressiveness.Conclusions:Scores from the PID-5 appeared to provide useful risk indicators of sexual aggressiveness. Men with personality disorder trait elevations appear far more likely to acknowledge past behavior that constitutes sexual assault. These interpretations were limited by the cross-sectional, retrospective, and self-report nature of these data.Background:Sexual aggression researchers have identified “dark triad” personality traits as potential etiologic contributors to rape perpetration. The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) canvasses trait dimensions that underlie a proposed hybrid diagnostic model for the personality disorders.Participants and procedure:Associations between PID-5 item/facet/domain scores and self-reported acts of rape were examined in a national survey of men (N = 517) administered on a crowdsourcing platform.Results:Pervasive associations were found between various PID-5 risk indicators and acts of oral, anal, or vaginal physical contact with nonconsenting partner(s). While dimensional correlation coefficients were modest in size, odds ratios for elevated PID-5 facet dimensions were substantial. The odds of self-reported rape increased with the trait elevation count in a graded fashion. Selected PID-5 subscale dimensions (callousness, irresponsibility, grandiosity, intimacy avoidance, distractibility, and attention seeking) were significant correlates of self-reported rape. A subset of PID-5 items accounted for unshared variance in the criterion measures. Scores from the PID-5 appeared to provide useful risk indicators of sexual aggressiveness.Conclusions:Scores from the PID-5 appeared to provide useful risk indicators of sexual aggressiveness. Men with personality disorder trait elevations appear far more likely to acknowledge past behavior that constitutes sexual assault. These interpretations were limited by the cross-sectional, retrospective, and self-report nature of these data
Sexual satisfaction and oversexualization among adults. The moderating role of self-esteem
Get PDFBackground:In the contemporary world, there is excessive creation and exposure of one’s own sexuality among adults. Taking this into account, the determinants of sexualization are being sought. The aim of this research was to assess the significance of selected demographic variables and the number of sexual partners, as well as psychological variables (self-esteem and sexual satisfaction) for revealing behaviours related to over-sexualization. We also investigated whether self-esteem can moderate the relationship between sexual satisfaction and over-sexualization.Participants and procedure:Seven hundred persons, including 403 women (298 heterosexual and 105 gay) and 297 men (199 heterosexual and 98 gay) were surveyed. The respondents were aged from 18 to 45 years (M = 22.90, SD = 4.62). In the study the following tools were used: the Oversexualization Questionnaire, the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Self-Esteem Scale.Results:It was found that sexualized appearance was more important for homosexual persons than heterosexual ones and seduction differentiated women and men and was correlated with the age and the number of sexual partners. Oversexualization demonstrated in appearance and message contents was correlated with low self-esteem and low sexual satisfaction. Low self-esteem was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between sexual satisfaction and sexualized appearance.Conclusions:The present study indicates the importance of self-esteem and sexual satisfaction for sexualized appearance. Low self-esteem moderates the relationship between sexual satisfaction and sexualized appearance.Background:In the contemporary world, there is excessive creation and exposure of one’s own sexuality among adults. Taking this into account, the determinants of sexualization are being sought. The aim of this research was to assess the significance of selected demographic variables and the number of sexual partners, as well as psychological variables (self-esteem and sexual satisfaction) for revealing behaviours related to over-sexualization. We also investigated whether self-esteem can moderate the relationship between sexual satisfaction and over-sexualization.Participants and procedure:Seven hundred persons, including 403 women (298 heterosexual and 105 gay) and 297 men (199 heterosexual and 98 gay) were surveyed. The respondents were aged from 18 to 45 years (M = 22.90, SD = 4.62). In the study the following tools were used: the Oversexualization Questionnaire, the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Self-Esteem Scale.Results:It was found that sexualized appearance was more important for homosexual persons than heterosexual ones and seduction differentiated women and men and was correlated with the age and the number of sexual partners. Oversexualization demonstrated in appearance and message contents was correlated with low self-esteem and low sexual satisfaction. Low self-esteem was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between sexual satisfaction and sexualized appearance.Conclusions:The present study indicates the importance of self-esteem and sexual satisfaction for sexualized appearance. Low self-esteem moderates the relationship between sexual satisfaction and sexualized appearance
The relationship between religiosity and ambivalent sexism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore and analyze the existing research on the relationship between religiosity and two forms of ambivalent sexism: benevolent and hostile. A narrative synthesis approach and meta-analysis based on Fisher’s z-transformed correlation coefficients were used to summarize the findings. The findings are reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings suggest that religiosity is associated positively with both forms of ambivalent sexism. There was a stronger positive correlation between religiosity and benevolent sexism (z = .29, 95% CI [.26; .33]) than between religiosity and hostile sexism (z = .19, 95% CI [.13; .25]). However, the relationship varied significantly across studies, suggesting moderating roles of religious affiliation and gender. The findings highlight the need for more nuanced and intersectional approaches. Empirical models which will allow a better understanding of this relationship are proposed.The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore and analyze the existing research on the relationship between religiosity and two forms of ambivalent sexism: benevolent and hostile. A narrative synthesis approach and meta-analysis based on Fisher’s z-transformed correlation coefficients were used to summarize the findings. The findings are reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings suggest that religiosity is associated positively with both forms of ambivalent sexism. There was a stronger positive correlation between religiosity and benevolent sexism (z = .29, 95% CI [.26; .33]) than between religiosity and hostile sexism (z = .19, 95% CI [.13; .25]). However, the relationship varied significantly across studies, suggesting moderating roles of religious affiliation and gender. The findings highlight the need for more nuanced and intersectional approaches. Empirical models which will allow a better understanding of this relationship are proposed
Assessing losses and gains with ageing: the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire
Get PDFBackground:The Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ) is a measure designed for cross-cultural comparisons of attitudes to ageing from the perspective of older adults. The article presents a cultural and linguistic adaptation of the AAQ for use with Polish-speaking people.Participants and procedure:The Polish translation of the AAQ-24, Personal Wellbeing Index, Geriatric Depression Scale and demographic and health survey were administered to 500 older adult participants living in Poland: 269 women (53.8%) and 231 men (46.2%), aged 60 to 86 (M = 66.75, SD = 5.10).Results:Similar to other translations of the AAQ, analyses confirmed a three-factor structure for the AAQ. Factor structure was confirmed as: psychosocial loss, physical change, and psychological growth. The tool was found to have good validity based on confirmatory factor analysis, as well as satisfactory latent construct reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α and H coefficient > .70 for all subscales). Test-retest reliability in a three-week interval was good (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged between .86 and .91, p < .01, for all subscales). The AAQ-24-PL shows appropriate con-vergent and divergent validity. Demographic differences in AAQ-24-PL were also found.Conclusions:The results confirm the validity and reliability of the AAQ-24-PL, and this useful tool demonstrates acceptable psychomet-ric performance. Researchers and practitioners working with older adults can benefit from using this tool to assess losses and gains with ageing.Background:The Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ) is a measure designed for cross-cultural comparisons of attitudes to ageing from the perspective of older adults. The article presents a cultural and linguistic adaptation of the AAQ for use with Polish-speaking people.Participants and procedure:The Polish translation of the AAQ-24, Personal Wellbeing Index, Geriatric Depression Scale and demographic and health survey were administered to 500 older adult participants living in Poland: 269 women (53.8%) and 231 men (46.2%), aged 60 to 86 (M = 66.75, SD = 5.10).Results:Similar to other translations of the AAQ, analyses confirmed a three-factor structure for the AAQ. Factor structure was confirmed as: psychosocial loss, physical change, and psychological growth. The tool was found to have good validity based on confirmatory factor analysis, as well as satisfactory latent construct reliability and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α and H coefficient > .70 for all subscales). Test-retest reliability in a three-week interval was good (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged between .86 and .91, p < .01, for all subscales). The AAQ-24-PL shows appropriate con-vergent and divergent validity. Demographic differences in AAQ-24-PL were also found.Conclusions:The results confirm the validity and reliability of the AAQ-24-PL, and this useful tool demonstrates acceptable psychomet-ric performance. Researchers and practitioners working with older adults can benefit from using this tool to assess losses and gains with ageing
What is life worth living for? A systematic review on meaning in life and meaning in work as protective factors for healthcare professionals’ wellbeing
Get PDFThe wellbeing of healthcare professionals is a topic of utmost importance in public health, given the close connection between healthcare professionals’ mental health and their ability to provide high-quality care. A promising protective resource is the concept of “meaning in life” (MiL), defined as the extent to which people give meaning and purpose to their lives. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sci-ence), searching for MiL and its influence on wellbeing among healthcare professionals. Only quantitative and qualitative research papers published in English-language peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2022 were considered eligible. Initially, 842 papers were retrieved. After the removal of duplicates, screening (title, abstract, full text) and quality check, 19 articles were included in the review. A narrative summary and description of the findings were given. The main findings demonstrate that a variety of sociodemographic variables (i.e. age, gender) and personality traits (i.e. self-esteem, attachment style, functional coping strategies, optimism, hope, social support) can positively impact fostering MiL, which, in turn, prevents psychological malaise. Moreover, for the majority of healthcare professionals, their work serves as a crucial source for sus-taining personal MiL. Thus, workplace health promotion interventions should focus on the dimension of MiL, which can potentially act as a protective factor to preserve and improve the wellbeing of healthcare workers.The wellbeing of healthcare professionals is a topic of utmost importance in public health, given the close connection between healthcare professionals’ mental health and their ability to provide high-quality care. A promising protective resource is the concept of “meaning in life” (MiL), defined as the extent to which people give meaning and purpose to their lives. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement on three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sci-ence), searching for MiL and its influence on wellbeing among healthcare professionals. Only quantitative and qualitative research papers published in English-language peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2022 were considered eligible. Initially, 842 papers were retrieved. After the removal of duplicates, screening (title, abstract, full text) and quality check, 19 articles were included in the review. A narrative summary and description of the findings were given. The main findings demonstrate that a variety of sociodemographic variables (i.e. age, gender) and personality traits (i.e. self-esteem, attachment style, functional coping strategies, optimism, hope, social support) can positively impact fostering MiL, which, in turn, prevents psychological malaise. Moreover, for the majority of healthcare professionals, their work serves as a crucial source for sus-taining personal MiL. Thus, workplace health promotion interventions should focus on the dimension of MiL, which can potentially act as a protective factor to preserve and improve the wellbeing of healthcare workers
Relationship of burnout with empathy dimensions in healthcare workers in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFBackground:Burnout and empathy are distinct but related constructs essential to effective healthcare delivery. Although their relation-ship is widely acknowledged, existing research shows inconclusive findings regarding the direction and the nature of this association. The predominant evidence supports a negative correlation, but studies usually did not take into account that the empathy construct is multidimensional. Little is known about the interplay of empathy and burnout dimensions in healthcare workers (HCWs), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic times. The present study was intended to fill the above-mentioned gaps.Participants and procedure:A total of 412 HCWs (nurses – 47.3%, physicians – 28.4%, psychologists – 13.6%, and other health care professionals – 10.7%), aged 21 to 69 years (M = 36.63, SD = 11.76) took part in a web-based cross-sectional study from June to November 2020. The participants filled out a survey with measures assessing two dimensions of burnout (exhaustion and disengage-ment), three dimensions of empathy (empathic concern – EC, personal distress – PD and perspective taking – PT), depres-sion and anxiety symptoms.Results:We found a negative association between the disengagement dimension of burnout with EC and PT and a positive associa-tion with PD, whereas exhaustion was positively related to EC and PD. Hierarchical regression analysis, however, revealed that EC, PT, and PD are predictors of disengagement, whereas exhaustion is predicted exclusively by PD. We also found no evidence that working in a place dedicated to COVID-19 moderated the relationships between dimensions of empathy and burnout.Conclusions:Previous studies suggested a negative relationship between empathy and burnout. We found, however, evidence for both positive and negative correlations between different aspects of the empathy and burnout dimensions, with positive associa-tions of personal distress with burnout being stronger than negative associations of PT and EC with disengagement, sug-gesting that the relationship between empathy and burnout is more complex.Background:Burnout and empathy are distinct but related constructs essential to effective healthcare delivery. Although their relation-ship is widely acknowledged, existing research shows inconclusive findings regarding the direction and the nature of this association. The predominant evidence supports a negative correlation, but studies usually did not take into account that the empathy construct is multidimensional. Little is known about the interplay of empathy and burnout dimensions in healthcare workers (HCWs), especially during the COVID-19 pandemic times. The present study was intended to fill the above-mentioned gaps.Participants and procedure:A total of 412 HCWs (nurses – 47.3%, physicians – 28.4%, psychologists – 13.6%, and other health care professionals – 10.7%), aged 21 to 69 years (M = 36.63, SD = 11.76) took part in a web-based cross-sectional study from June to November 2020. The participants filled out a survey with measures assessing two dimensions of burnout (exhaustion and disengage-ment), three dimensions of empathy (empathic concern – EC, personal distress – PD and perspective taking – PT), depres-sion and anxiety symptoms.Results:We found a negative association between the disengagement dimension of burnout with EC and PT and a positive associa-tion with PD, whereas exhaustion was positively related to EC and PD. Hierarchical regression analysis, however, revealed that EC, PT, and PD are predictors of disengagement, whereas exhaustion is predicted exclusively by PD. We also found no evidence that working in a place dedicated to COVID-19 moderated the relationships between dimensions of empathy and burnout.Conclusions:Previous studies suggested a negative relationship between empathy and burnout. We found, however, evidence for both positive and negative correlations between different aspects of the empathy and burnout dimensions, with positive associa-tions of personal distress with burnout being stronger than negative associations of PT and EC with disengagement, sug-gesting that the relationship between empathy and burnout is more complex
Cross-cultural comparison of sports anxiety among Indian and Polish sports players in a post-COVID world: a pilot study
Get PDFBackground:There is a need for cross-cultural research on the relationship between competitive anxiety, BMI, and sports training fre-quency in athletes. Especially in a post-COVID-19 world, adverse changes associated with weight gain and increased seden-tary lifestyles have been observed. Whether this trend occurs in athletes and how BMI and frequency of sports training af-fect anxiety levels in Polish and Indian athletes are the subjects of this study.Participants and procedure:One hundred athletes were successfully recruited in India (n = 50, gender-balanced), and in Poland (n = 50, gender-balanced). Their age ranged from 18 to 30 (Indian athletes: M = 23.65, SD = 2.75; Polish athletes: M = 23.50, SD = 3.27). The level of competitive anxiety was measured using the Sports Anxiety Scale-2. Respondents were asked about demographics along with weight, height, and frequency of training. A t-test was used to compare the total anxiety score, subscale scores, and BMI between the Indian and Polish samples. A two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures was administered to evaluate the interaction between Indian and Polish athletes’ trait anxiety and BMI. Moreover, the interaction between Indian and Polish athletes’ BMI and frequency of sports training was also tested.Results:The results showed that there was a significant difference between the anxiety levels of Indian and Polish athletes t(73.41) = –4.28, p < .001. The interaction between BMI and total anxiety score between Polish and Indian sports players was significant (p = .001). However, no statistically significant interaction was found between frequency of sports training and BMI.Conclusions:The anxiety levels are higher due to higher BMI. These adverse changes in the behavioural area and their effects on physical health also concern young athletes. Further research is necessary to assess the late impact of the pandemic on the lives of athletes as these costs are accompanied by many others localized in the psychological sphere, which are only becoming apparent.Background:There is a need for cross-cultural research on the relationship between competitive anxiety, BMI, and sports training fre-quency in athletes. Especially in a post-COVID-19 world, adverse changes associated with weight gain and increased seden-tary lifestyles have been observed. Whether this trend occurs in athletes and how BMI and frequency of sports training af-fect anxiety levels in Polish and Indian athletes are the subjects of this study.Participants and procedure:One hundred athletes were successfully recruited in India (n = 50, gender-balanced), and in Poland (n = 50, gender-balanced). Their age ranged from 18 to 30 (Indian athletes: M = 23.65, SD = 2.75; Polish athletes: M = 23.50, SD = 3.27). The level of competitive anxiety was measured using the Sports Anxiety Scale-2. Respondents were asked about demographics along with weight, height, and frequency of training. A t-test was used to compare the total anxiety score, subscale scores, and BMI between the Indian and Polish samples. A two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures was administered to evaluate the interaction between Indian and Polish athletes’ trait anxiety and BMI. Moreover, the interaction between Indian and Polish athletes’ BMI and frequency of sports training was also tested.Results:The results showed that there was a significant difference between the anxiety levels of Indian and Polish athletes t(73.41) = –4.28, p < .001. The interaction between BMI and total anxiety score between Polish and Indian sports players was significant (p = .001). However, no statistically significant interaction was found between frequency of sports training and BMI.Conclusions:The anxiety levels are higher due to higher BMI. These adverse changes in the behavioural area and their effects on physical health also concern young athletes. Further research is necessary to assess the late impact of the pandemic on the lives of athletes as these costs are accompanied by many others localized in the psychological sphere, which are only becoming apparent
Afazja wywołana uszkodzeniami struktur podkorowych: przegląd literatury oraz analiza przypadku 40-letniego pacjenta
Get PDFAphasia, a disorder of the programming mechanisms of speech activities caused by acquired brain damage, has traditionally been regarded as a disorder resulting solely from damage to the cerebral cortex. However, subsequent studies have confirmed that aphasia can also occur as a result of subcortical changes. The characteristics of subcortical aphasias and the role of the basal ganglia and thalamus in language programming processes are still the subject of research difficulties. This article reviews studies on the involvement of the thalamus, subcortical nuclei and periventricular white matter in language processes. In addition, the case of a 40-year-old man with acquired speech disorders due to the presence of a haemorrhagic focus in the deep structures of the left cerebral hemisphere is presented. The patient showed mixed aphatic symptoms, manifested by difficulties in both producing and understanding speech. The clinical symptoms of aphasia presented confirm the association of subcortical structures with language function. The patient's language disorders are part of the repertoire of symptoms described in the literature that co-create the subcortical aphasia syndrome, characterised by a high variability of language deficits.Afazja, czyli zaburzenie mechanizmów programujących czynności mowy spowodowane nabytym uszkodzeniem mózgu, tradycyjnie była uważana za zaburzenie wynikające wyłącznie z uszkodzenia kory mózgowej. Jednak późniejsze badania potwierdziły, że afazja może również wystąpić wskutek zmian podkorowych. Charakterystyka afazji podkorowych oraz rola zwojów podstawy i wzgórza w procesach programowania językowego nadal stanowią przedmiot trudności badawczych. W niniejszym artykule dokonano przeglądu badań dotyczących udziału wzgórza, jąder podkorowych oraz okołokomorowej substancji białej w procesach językowych. Ponadto przedstawiono przypadek 40-letniego mężczyzny z nabytymi zaburzeniami mowy spowodowanymi obecnością ogniska krwotocznego w strukturach głębokich lewej półkuli mózgu. Pacjent wykazywał mieszane objawy afatyczne, przejawiające się trudnościami zarówno w nadawaniu, jak i odbiorze mowy. Prezentowane objawy kliniczne afazji potwierdzają związek struktur podkorowych z czynnościami językowymi. Zaburzenia językowe pacjenta wpisują się w opisywany w literaturze repertuar objawów współtworzących zespół afazji podkorowych, charakteryzujący się dużą wariantywnością deficytów sprawności językowych
Życie codzienne kobiet w kryzysie bezdomności — komunikat z badań
Get PDFEvery persons everyday life indudes problematic situations that may pose challenges that disorganize psychosocial functioning. Homelessness is an example of an extremely difficult life situation, not only in terms of living conditions, but also in terms of disturbances to social bonds. The aim of the article was to characterize the functioning of women experiencing homelessness (using the support of 24-hour shelters) in the context of their everyday life, based on the problems they face, and the area related to their free time. Moreover, the aim of the research was an attempt to evaluate the model of assistance activities aimed at people experiencing homelessness and as an attempt to formulate practical proposals in this area as well. The research method was a case study, and data was collected through narrative interviews. The tool used for their analysis was the MAXQDA program. The results of the study allowed us to recognize how women in the crisis of homelessness perceive their everyday life, identify the problems assessed from their perspective as the most important, and determine how they characterize their free time. Conclusion a) the everyday life of women in the crisis of homelessness includes a sense of boredom and monotony; b) the functioning of the shelter, whose support they use to a large extent, determines their daily structure; c) combining rest from maternity duties and performing practical activities with free time; d) the problems concern educational difficulties related to their children, relationships with partners and housing; e) ways of coping with difficulties are associated with symptoms of an avoidance-focused style.W codzienność każdego człowieka wpisane są sytuacje problemowe, mogące stanowić wyzwania dezorganizujące funkcjonowanie psychospołeczne. Bezdomność jest egzemplifikacją skrajnie trudnego położenia życiowego, nie tylko w obszarze bytowym, ale również w zakresie zaburzeń więzi społecznych. Celem artykułu uczyniono charakterystykę funkcjonowania kobiet doświadczających bezdomności (korzystających ze wsparcia całodobowych schronisk) w kontekście ich życia codziennego, na bazie problemów, z jakimi się mierzą oraz obszar dotyczący ich czasu wolnego. Ponadto cel badań stanowił próbę oceny modelu oddziaływań pomocowych skierowanego wobec osób doświadczających bezdomności, a także próbę sformułowania praktycznych propozycji w tym zakresie. Przeprowadzone badanie ma charakter jakościowy. Metodę badań stanowiło studium przypadku, natomiast dane zebrano za pomocą wywiadów narracyjnych. Narzędziem, które zostało wykorzystane do ich analizy, był program MAXQDA. Rezultaty badania pozwoliły rozpoznać, jak kobiety w kryzysie bezdomności postrzegają swoją codzienność, zidentyfikować problemy oceniane z ich perspektywy jako najistotniejsze, a także określić, jak charakteryzują obszar swojego czasu wolnego. W świetle wyników badań można sformułować następujące wnioski: a) codzienność kobiet w kryzysie bezdomności obejmuje poczucie nudy i monotonię; b) funkcjonowanie schroniska, z którego wsparcia korzystają, w znacznym zakresie wyznacza ich strukturę dnia; c) odpoczynek od obowiązków macierzyńskich oraz wykonywanie praktycznych czynności łączą z obszarem czasu wolnego; d) problemy dotyczą trudności wychowawczych związanych z ich dziećmi, relacji z partnerami oraz obszarem mieszkalnictwa; e) sposoby radzenia sobie z trudnościami łączą się z symptomami stylu skoncentrowanego na unikaniu