University Scientific Journals (Univ. of Gdansk)
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Tendencje w preferencjach polskich konsumentów dotyczące platform VoD
Full text linkThe digitization of consumption is one of the key trends in today’s market, whose impact is clearly evident in the changing media and entertainment industry. Viewers are gradually moving away from traditional analog media such as television, in favor of modern solutions – primarily VoD platforms. The research objective was to examine changing trends in Polish consumers’ preferences with regard to VoD platforms. Conducted study concentrated on identifying key factors influencing the choice of specific VoD platforms. The research involved 237 participants, and the research method used was the CSAQ questionnaire made available via a Google Form. The study utilized a qualitative approach. The responses were presented in aggregate form. The article discusses the concept of consumer preferences and identifies factors determining the development of VoD platform market. Based on a review of the literature and the results of our own research, we present changing trends in the preferences of Polish users of VoD platforms. We indicate both the conditions for the development of the VoD market and the determinants of subscription decisions. The analysis of consumer preferences plays a key role in the development of organizations operating in the media industry. Understanding the factors influencing the choices of Polish users of VoD platforms can be a valuable source of information for companies operating in the media and entertainment industry, supporting the process of strategic decision-making and building competitive advantage. The limitation of the study is the unpresentative research sample, which does not allow for general conclusions to be drawn.Cyfryzacja konsumpcji stanowi jeden z kluczowych trendów współczesnego rynku, którego wpływ wyraźnie zaznacza się w zmieniającej się branży medialnej i rozrywkowej. Widzowie stopniowo odchodzą od tradycyjnych mediów analogowych, takich jak telewizja, na rzecz nowoczesnych rozwiązań – przede wszystkim platform VoD. Celem opracowania było zbadanie zmieniających się tendencji w preferencjach polskich konsumentów dotyczących korzystania z platform VoD. Badanie koncentrowało się na identyfikacji kluczowych czynników wpływających na wybór konkretnych platform VoD. W badaniu udział wzięło 237 respondentów, a zastosowaną metodą badawczą był kwestionariusz CSAQ udostępniony za pośrednictwem formularza Google. Badanie miało wymiar jakościowy. Odpowiedzi przedstawiono w formie zagregowanej. W artykule omówiono pojęcie preferencji konsumenta oraz zidentyfikowano czynniki determinujące rozwój rynku platform VoD. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury przedmiotu oraz wyników badań własnych zaprezentowano zmieniające się tendencje w preferencjach polskich użytkowników korzystających z platform VoD. Wskazano zarówno uwarunkowania rozwojowe rynku VoD, jak i determinanty decyzji o wykupieniu subskrypcji. Analiza preferencji konsumentów odgrywa kluczową rolę w rozwoju organizacji działających w branży medialnej. Zrozumienie czynników wpływających na wybory polskich użytkowników platform VoD może stanowić cenne źródło informacji dla przedsiębiorstw funkcjonujących w branży rozrywkowej, wspierając proces podejmowania decyzji strategicznych oraz budowania przewagi konkurencyjnej. Ograniczeniem badań jest niereprezentatywna próba badawcza, która nie pozwala na stawianie ogólnych wniosków
Archetypes of Public Governance in the Concept of Financial Resilience of Territorial Communities of Ukraine
Full text linkThe article explores the role of archetypical public governance in reinforcing the financial resilience of Ukrainian territorial communities in the context of full-scale war and potential post-war recovery. The study develops an interdisciplinary model, combining archetypal analysis with financial governance indicators, allowing for in-depth interpretation of behavioral patterns of local governments behavioral patterns under conditions of a prolonged crisis. Using a qualitative case study approach involving selected communities, the research identifies the prevailing governance archetypes and analyzes their connection to strategic public management decisions. The findings suggest that hybrid archetypical configurations significantly contribute to adaptability, institutional flexibility and long-term sustainability. The created model provides a foundation for practical recommendations aimed at reinforcing the financial resilience of communities through culturally sensitive and historically rooted public governance strategies
Conceptualization and Synthesis of the Institutional (Organizational) Archetype of the Collective Other
Full text linkThe article proposes a conceptualization and methodology for synthesizing the archetype of the Collective Other – a dynamic archetypal image that represents a collective social organization as a multifaceted subject of interaction. It is shown that, in contrast to traditional approaches to archetypization, which primarily focus on leader figures, contemporary organizations require a new archetypal framework oriented toward polycentric, networked, and variable structures.
Within the developed methodology, the archetype of the Collective Other is synthesized on the basis of three parameters of the interaction situation – the structural configuration of the organization, the observer’s position, and the nature of their interaction – represented through eight scales. For each scale, basic emotions have been identified, forming the emotional vector of the organization’s image. Based on this vector, a corresponding archetypal image has been constructed – as a unique emotional-symbolic response of an individual to the social organism.
 
The Archetype of Ukraine in the «Country» Section (Kraj) on the News Feed of the Polish News Agency PAP
Full text linkRussia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and the associated urgent need for international support actualize the importance of Ukraine’s information presence in the European and world information spaces, support and promotion of the state’s image while countering Russian information psychological operations (IPSO) and spreading false and manipulative messages aimed at discrediting Ukraine and its international partners. In such conditions, the analysis of the archetype of Ukraine, which is formed by European news agencies, in particular, the Polish news agency PAP (Polska Agencja Prasowa), which is a member of the European Alliance of News Agencies (EANA), seems relevant. For the analysis, the rubric «Country» (Kraj) was chosen, the purpose of which is to cover mainly Polish national events, which, in particular, concern Ukraine
Znaczenie historycznej konstytucji na Węgrzech
No full textCompared to other constitutions, the Hungarian Basic Law relies heavily on extra-legal elements. These include culture, religion, and history. Because of its historical references, some contemporary Hungarian authors consider the Basic Law to be archaic (e.g., Zoltán Szente), while others see it as the core element of sovereignty (e.g., András Zs Varga). This article first presents why the historical constitution was important at different stages in Hungarian history, and then during the creation of the Basic Law itself. The second part of the article describes how contemporary Hungarian constitutionalism refers to the historical constitution, and it gives an overview of how the historical constitution is applied in the practice of the Constitutional Court. Finally, the article draws conclusions as to how the historical constitution relates to the doctrine of the invisible constitution, a principle that was used in constitutional jurisprudence in the 1990s.W porównaniu z innymi konstytucjami węgierska ustawa zasadnicza opiera się w dużej mierze na elementach pozaprawnych: kulturze, religii i historii. Ze względu na odniesienia historyczne niektórzy współcześni autorzy węgierscy uważają ustawę zasadniczą za archaiczną (np. Zoltán Szente), podczas gdy inni widzą w niej podstawowy element suwerenności (np. András Zs Varga). W artykule najpierw wyjaśniono, dlaczego „historyczna konstytucja” była ważna na różnych etapach historii Węgier, a następnie podczas tworzenia ustawy zasadniczej. W drugiej części opracowania opisano, w jaki sposób współczesny konstytucjonalizm odnosi się do historycznej konstytucji, i dokonano przeglądu, w jaki sposób historyczna konstytucja jest stosowana w praktyce Sądu Konstytucyjnego. Na koniec zaprezentowano wnioski na temat tego, jak historyczna konstytucja odnosi się do doktryny „niewidzialnej konstytucji”, zasady, która była stosowana w jurysprudencji konstytucyjnej lat 90
Prevalence and post-pandemic consequences of body dysmorphic disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Full text linkBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has had a growing impact in Western cultures, manifesting itself in social pressures to achieve physical standards, affecting both men and women. Media influences have magnified these ideals, promoting a standardized body appearance, which has generated an increase in appearance-related disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated body concerns. Therefore, we aimed to determine the post-pandemic prevalence and its consequences. For these purposes, a systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA strategy to identify relevant studies between 2019 and 2023 in databases such as Web of Science and Scopus. Selection criteria were applied, including cross-sectional or longitudinal studies that focused on populations without a previous diagnosis of BDD and used clinical instruments. Of the 52 articles identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were selected. Four were used for the systematic review and 6 to carry out the meta-analysis. The prevalence of BDD was high, at 20.8% (6 studies, logOR = 0.208 [95% CI: 0.121-0.294], Z = 4.69, p < .001, I2 = 98.51%). In conclusion, the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic such as remaining in isolation, the closure of beauty services, and the increase in the use of social networks and video calls increased anxiety and stress levels in patients diagnosed with BDD and also in people with symptoms related to BDD.Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has had a growing impact in Western cultures, manifesting itself in social pressures to achieve physical standards, affecting both men and women. Media influences have magnified these ideals, promoting a standardized body appearance, which has generated an increase in appearance-related disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated body concerns. Therefore, we aimed to determine the post-pandemic prevalence and its consequences. For these purposes, a systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA strategy to identify relevant studies between 2019 and 2023 in databases such as Web of Science and Scopus. Selection criteria were applied, including cross-sectional or longitudinal studies that focused on populations without a previous diagnosis of BDD and used clinical instruments. Of the 52 articles identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were selected. Four were used for the systematic review and 6 to carry out the meta-analysis. The prevalence of BDD was high, at 20.8% (6 studies, logOR = 0.208 [95% CI: 0.121-0.294], Z = 4.69, p < .001, I2 = 98.51%). In conclusion, the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic such as remaining in isolation, the closure of beauty services, and the increase in the use of social networks and video calls increased anxiety and stress levels in patients diagnosed with BDD and also in people with symptoms related to BDD
Modern racism contributes to overall less pain management and a “one size fits all” approach
Full text linkBackground:Black, Latine, and Asian patients report higher levels of pain and experience more pain treatment disparities compared to White patients. Providers’ modern racism might lessen the attention to such disparities and therefore affect how they manage pain. The aim of this study was to identify differences in pain management among participants high vs. low in modern racism and who vary in racial and gender identity according to race and gender of the patient.Participants and procedure:Participants (N = 762) were purposefully sampled on Prolific, a crowdsourcing website, to vary in race (White, Black, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Multiracial) and gender (cisgender men, cisgender women, transgender men, transgender women, nonbinary, genderqueer, agender, two-spirit, gender nonconforming, multiple genders). In a cross-sectional survey study, participants were randomly assigned to read 20 hypothetical emergency medicine vignettes of acute injuries that varied by patient race (White, Black, Latine, and Asian) and patient gender (cisgender woman, cisgender man, nonbinary, transgender woman, transgender man). Participants rated the extent of pain management for each vignette. Participants self-reported modern racism.Results:Participants low in modern racism provided more pain management to Black patients than all other groups, while participants high in modern racism provided similar amounts of pain management to all racial groups, but less pain management overall. In addition, among White participants, men prescribed less pain management to Black patients than women.Conclusions:The results suggest that modern racism predicts racial disparities in pain management in addition to participant gender and racial identity.Background:Black, Latine, and Asian patients report higher levels of pain and experience more pain treatment disparities compared to White patients. Providers’ modern racism might lessen the attention to such disparities and therefore affect how they manage pain. The aim of this study was to identify differences in pain management among participants high vs. low in modern racism and who vary in racial and gender identity according to race and gender of the patient.Participants and procedure:Participants (N = 762) were purposefully sampled on Prolific, a crowdsourcing website, to vary in race (White, Black, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Multiracial) and gender (cisgender men, cisgender women, transgender men, transgender women, nonbinary, genderqueer, agender, two-spirit, gender nonconforming, multiple genders). In a cross-sectional survey study, participants were randomly assigned to read 20 hypothetical emergency medicine vignettes of acute injuries that varied by patient race (White, Black, Latine, and Asian) and patient gender (cisgender woman, cisgender man, nonbinary, transgender woman, transgender man). Participants rated the extent of pain management for each vignette. Participants self-reported modern racism.Results:Participants low in modern racism provided more pain management to Black patients than all other groups, while participants high in modern racism provided similar amounts of pain management to all racial groups, but less pain management overall. In addition, among White participants, men prescribed less pain management to Black patients than women.Conclusions:The results suggest that modern racism predicts racial disparities in pain management in addition to participant gender and racial identity
The role of a communal workplace climate in occupational well-being: associations with lower burnout and higher work engagement
Full text linkBackground:This study aims to examine the predictive role of communal and agentic workplace climates in relation to work engagement and job burnout among Polish employees across various industries. A communal workplace climate emphasizes organizational and managerial priorities related to fostering positive relationships among employees, whereas an agentic workplace climate highlights a focus on employee productivity and performance.Participants and procedure:Two cross-sectional studies comprising a total sample of 910 participants were conducted. Each study utilized distinct methods for measuring burnout and work engagement. The research employed multiple linear regression models and path analysis to explore how these climates affect employee outcomes.Results:Findings from the study indicate that a communal workplace climate is associated with significantly lower levels of burnout and higher levels of work engagement. In contrast, an agentic workplace climate marginally contributes to burnout, displaying a positive relationship – indicating that stronger perceptions of the workplace as agentic are associated with increased burnout. However, it also weakly correlates with increased work engagement. Additionally, attitudes toward the organization were found to mediate these relationships.Conclusions:This research highlights the beneficial effects of a communal climate in reducing burnout and boosting engagement, while also pointing out the complexities introduced by an agentic climate. The results contribute to understanding how to create more optimal and psychologically safe work environments.Background:This study aims to examine the predictive role of communal and agentic workplace climates in relation to work engagement and job burnout among Polish employees across various industries. A communal workplace climate emphasizes organizational and managerial priorities related to fostering positive relationships among employees, whereas an agentic workplace climate highlights a focus on employee productivity and performance.Participants and procedure:Two cross-sectional studies comprising a total sample of 910 participants were conducted. Each study utilized distinct methods for measuring burnout and work engagement. The research employed multiple linear regression models and path analysis to explore how these climates affect employee outcomes.Results:Findings from the study indicate that a communal workplace climate is associated with significantly lower levels of burnout and higher levels of work engagement. In contrast, an agentic workplace climate marginally contributes to burnout, displaying a positive relationship – indicating that stronger perceptions of the workplace as agentic are associated with increased burnout. However, it also weakly correlates with increased work engagement. Additionally, attitudes toward the organization were found to mediate these relationships.Conclusions:This research highlights the beneficial effects of a communal climate in reducing burnout and boosting engagement, while also pointing out the complexities introduced by an agentic climate. The results contribute to understanding how to create more optimal and psychologically safe work environments
Comparison of face-to-face and synchronous online mindfulness-based interventions: a quasi-experimental study
Full text linkBackground
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are a widely validated approach for the treatment and prevention of various pathologies, leading to increased physical and psychological health. Online MBIs have become more common in the past years, namely after the COVID-19 pandemic, but not much is known about their effectiveness. This study’s goal was to compare the efficacy of a face-to-face MBI with its online equivalent.
Participants and procedure
A total of 114 university students of multiple nationalities participated in the investigation. This is a quasi-experimental study, with pre-, post-, and 3-month follow-up comparative measurements in two types of group formats: in-person groups and synchronous online groups.
Results
The results showed benefits for participants in both the face-to-face and online interventions. Anxiety was significantly reduced at post-test, while stress, depression, and emotion regulation difficulties were significantly reduced at post-test and at follow-up. Furthermore, well-being and optimism were significantly increased at post-test and at follow-up. Between-group comparisons indicated higher efficacy for these variables in the online group.
Conclusions
The fact that differential outcomes were observable for mindfulness and one of the expected mechanisms, in goaldirected thinking, while no significant differences were present for any outcome, shines a light on possible hidden mechanisms that differentiate how online interventions function when compared to their face-to-face counterparts. Despite these differences, the findings support the viability of online mindfulness interventions as an alternative to in-person formats. The present study adds to current knowledge about mindfulness interventions by supporting the feasibility of online mindfulness interventions.Background
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are a widely validated approach for the treatment and prevention of various pathologies, leading to increased physical and psychological health. Online MBIs have become more common in the past years, namely after the COVID-19 pandemic, but not much is known about their effectiveness. This study’s goal was to compare the efficacy of a face-to-face MBI with its online equivalent.
Participants and procedure
A total of 114 university students of multiple nationalities participated in the investigation. This is a quasi-experimental study, with pre-, post-, and 3-month follow-up comparative measurements in two types of group formats: in-person groups and synchronous online groups.
Results
The results showed benefits for participants in both the face-to-face and online interventions. Anxiety was significantly reduced at post-test, while stress, depression, and emotion regulation difficulties were significantly reduced at post-test and at follow-up. Furthermore, well-being and optimism were significantly increased at post-test and at follow-up. Between-group comparisons indicated higher efficacy for these variables in the online group.
Conclusions
The fact that differential outcomes were observable for mindfulness and one of the expected mechanisms, in goaldirected thinking, while no significant differences were present for any outcome, shines a light on possible hidden mechanisms that differentiate how online interventions function when compared to their face-to-face counterparts. Despite these differences, the findings support the viability of online mindfulness interventions as an alternative to in-person formats. The present study adds to current knowledge about mindfulness interventions by supporting the feasibility of online mindfulness interventions
Perceived stress and pandemic-associated risk factors in high-risk alcohol consumers during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Full text linkBackground
As a severe and prolonged stressor, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to development or exacerbation of mental disorders. For substance use disorder, the link between stress and alcohol consumption is well established. However, there have been conflicting findings in the context of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to characterize the group of high-risk alcohol consumers in terms of perceived stress and potential stressors during the third wave of the pandemic.
Participants and procedure
Adult Polish men (N = 295) from the Tricity metropolitan area participated in the study. They were subdivided into high-risk (n = 104) and low-risk (n = 191) alcohol consumers based on their self-reported weekly alcohol consumption. A demographic survey (including COVID-19 vaccination status), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and an original questionnaire measuring causes of concern were used.
Results
Overall PSS-10 results did not differ significantly between high-risk and low-risk alcohol consumers (18.40, 17.50, respectively, p = .185). However, the percentage distribution of perceived stress showed lower incidence of low and high levels of stress in high-risk than in low-risk alcohol consumers (9.6%, 2.9% vs. 25.7%, 6.8%, p = .001). High-risk alcohol consumers reported no pandemic-related worries more often than low-risk consumers (46.2% vs. 5.2%, p < .001), but at the same time 67.3% of them named at least one pandemic-related stressor. High-risk alcohol consumers also showed less concern about the situation on the labor market (19.2% vs. 29.3%, p < .001). Limited access to medical services and other people’s attitudes to the pandemic were common stressors in both groups, with high-risk alcohol consumers showing more indifference to the latter.
Conclusions
High-risk and low-risk alcohol consumers have been clearly impacted by pandemic-related factors. The protective effect of alcohol is debatable, given the high prevalence of medium and high stress levels among high-risk alcohol consumers. It appears that the pandemic and associated restrictions posed such a significant risk for distress escalation that they remained unrelated to the pattern of alcohol consumption or its alteration.Background
As a severe and prolonged stressor, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to development or exacerbation of mental disorders. For substance use disorder, the link between stress and alcohol consumption is well established. However, there have been conflicting findings in the context of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to characterize the group of high-risk alcohol consumers in terms of perceived stress and potential stressors during the third wave of the pandemic.
Participants and procedure
Adult Polish men (N = 295) from the Tricity metropolitan area participated in the study. They were subdivided into high-risk (n = 104) and low-risk (n = 191) alcohol consumers based on their self-reported weekly alcohol consumption. A demographic survey (including COVID-19 vaccination status), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and an original questionnaire measuring causes of concern were used.
Results
Overall PSS-10 results did not differ significantly between high-risk and low-risk alcohol consumers (18.40, 17.50, respectively, p = .185). However, the percentage distribution of perceived stress showed lower incidence of low and high levels of stress in high-risk than in low-risk alcohol consumers (9.6%, 2.9% vs. 25.7%, 6.8%, p = .001). High-risk alcohol consumers reported no pandemic-related worries more often than low-risk consumers (46.2% vs. 5.2%, p < .001), but at the same time 67.3% of them named at least one pandemic-related stressor. High-risk alcohol consumers also showed less concern about the situation on the labor market (19.2% vs. 29.3%, p < .001). Limited access to medical services and other people’s attitudes to the pandemic were common stressors in both groups, with high-risk alcohol consumers showing more indifference to the latter.
Conclusions
High-risk and low-risk alcohol consumers have been clearly impacted by pandemic-related factors. The protective effect of alcohol is debatable, given the high prevalence of medium and high stress levels among high-risk alcohol consumers. It appears that the pandemic and associated restrictions posed such a significant risk for distress escalation that they remained unrelated to the pattern of alcohol consumption or its alteration