Poli[Papers] (Universitat Politècnica de València)
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El silencio de las marionetas: soledad y salud mental masculina en Anomalisa y Mary and Max
Get PDFThis research explores male loneliness through two acclaimed stop motion animated feature films: Anomalisa (2015) directed by Charlie Kauffman and Duke Johnson and Mary and Max (2009) directed by Adam Elliot. It will be carried out through a multimodal analysis, which will allow the examination of how different semiotic resources are used to construct stories that reflect male loneliness and mental health problems, considering gender norms from an intersectional perspective. Using this interdisciplinary approach, the investigation seeks to correlate social-semiotic analysis techniques with gender studies, to detect the particularities with which both animations present their male characters dealing with loneliness and isolation, as well as their respective mental health problems.La presente investigación se sumerge la exploración de la soledad masculina a través de dos aclamados largometrajes de animación stop motion: Anomalisa (2015) dirigida por Charlie Kaufman y Duke Johnson, así como Mary and Max (2003) dirigida por Adam Elliot. La misma se llevará a cabo a través de un análisis multimodal, que permitirá examinar cómo se utilizan distintos recursos semióticos para construir historias que reflejan la soledad masculina y problemas de salud mental, considerando las normas de género desde una perspectiva interseccional. Desde este enfoque interdisciplinario, se busca correlacionar técnicas de análisis semiótico-sociales con estudios de género, para detectar las particularidades con las que ambas animaciones presentan a sus personajes masculinos lidiando con la soledad y el aislamiento, así como sus respectivos problemas de salud mental
A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on University-Industry Collaboration Using VOSviewer and R-biblioshiny
Get PDFThis bibliometric analysis studied the development trends, publication and citation counts, research themes and trends, and international cooperation models related to university-industry collaboration from 1970 to 2023. Firstly, using a broader set of search terms related to university-industry collaboration, we conducted a comprehensive search of the global literature from 1970 to 2023 in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Secondly, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we ultimately selected 592 articles for analysis. Subsequently, we used VOSviewer and R-biblioshiny as analytical tools to extract and analyze relevant data from the selected articles. The study identified the most influential institutions, journals, authors, and countries in this field. Additionally, based on keyword co-occurrence analysis, research related to university-industry collaboration is distributed across five clusters: (1) innovation and technology transfer, (2) internships and work experience, (3) cooperative education and learning outcomes, (4) collaboration models and partnerships, and (5) collaboration barriers, challenges, and sustainability. Recent research has focused on themes such as technology transfer, barriers, benefits, and the motivations driving collaboration
Growth performance and carcass characteristics of rabbits fed concentrate diets containing graded levels of Brassica oleracea outer leaves and Musa paradisiaca leaves
Get PDFNinety-six (96) 8-wk-old “mixed breed” of New Zealand white, California white and chinchilla rabbits were used to determine the growth performance, carcass and organ percentages of rabbits fed concentrate diets containing graded levels of Brassica oleracea outer leaves and Musa paradisiaca leaves. The rabbits were assigned to two groups of 48. Those in group 1 were allotted to four dietary treatments with concentrate diets containing 0, 10, 20 and 30% inclusion levels of B. oleracea outer leaves for one week and 12-wk adaptation and testing periods, respectively, for growth performance evaluation. Similar treatment and design were adopted for group 2 rabbits using graded levels of M. paradisiaca leaves. Six rabbits were randomly selected from each treatment group for slaughter at the end of the testing period for carcass and internal organ characteristics evaluation. There were no dietary effects on the parameters of rabbits fed graded levels of B. oleracea outer leaves except for M. paradisiaca, where the control diet had the lowest feed intake and the least (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio comparable to 30% inclusion level and final body weight, which was the highest (P<0.05) for rabbits fed diets containing 10 and 20% inclusion levels of M. paradisiaca leaves. The cost of feed was highest for the control diets, and reduced with increasing inclusion levels of the leaves in the diets. None of the rabbits died during the experimental period. The findings suggest that rabbits can be fed concentrate diets containing B. oleracea outer leaves and M. paradisiaca leaves up to 30% inclusion level for good growth performance and high carcass characteristics at a lower production cost than concentrate diets, while maintaining good health
A method to estimate endogenous losses of nitrogen and amino acids at the ileal level in growing rabbits
Get PDFApparent ileal digestibility can be corrected to give the true ileal digestibility of the nitrogen and amino acids provided by the diet, by determining the flow of endogenous nitrogen and amino acids (from desquamated epithelial cells of gastrointestinal mucosa, mucins and digestive enzymes). This flow of nitrogen and amino acids has been studied in adult rabbits fitted with a T-cannula, but remains unknown for growing rabbits. The aim of this work was to propose a method to estimate endogenous nitrogen and amino acid losses in the ileum of growing rabbits slaughtered at 64 d of age from 20:00 h. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out. The first was performed with 10 weaned rabbits fed with a diet with casein as the only source of protein (whose ileal digestibility is 100%) and labelled with ytterbium. This experiment allowed us to identify the relationship between the ileal flow of endogenous nitrogen (IFEN) and the dry matter intake in the last 24 h before slaughter (DMI), which fits the equation: IFEN (mg/d)=5.99 DMI (g/d) +133; (R2=0.778, residual standard deviation=138, P<0.001, n=10). The second experiment was carried out with 36 rabbits fed the same diet but without ytterbium, with whose ileal content 9 pools were constituted to determine the amino acid profile of endogenous nitrogen, which was found to be rich in glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid, glycine, valine and threonine (15.97±1.33; 8.00±0.80; 7.06±0.72; 6.24±0.77; 5.48±0.51 and 4.97±0.47 g/16 g of N, respectively) and poor in methionine and histidine (1.05±0.06 and 1.34±0.16 g/16 g of N, respectively). Knowing the DMI of a certain growing rabbit in the 24 h prior to slaughter, the combined use of the equation and the amino acid profile obtained makes it possible to estimate the ileal endogenous losses of each amino acid
Measuring on-farm welfare in rabbits: a review with emphasis on animal-based indicators
Get PDFBased on current definitions, animal welfare has to be linked to a life worth living, as perceived by animals, thanks to positive experiences rather than to the mere absence of negative ones. The measure of on-farm welfare of livestock is crucial to improve farming systems, identify critical points and compare different farming systems in view of welfare labelling protocols. To this end, species-specific protocols are necessary, which should use different types of indicators, i.e. resources-based indicators, management-based indicators and, especially, animal-based indicators. These indicators should work under different farming systems and for different animal categories and can be used to assess welfare in the short term or during the productive life of the animal. Last but not least, indicators should be able to measure the affective state of animals in terms of positive emotions. In this scenario, rabbits are quite unique, as little information is available about i) their behavioural needs under farming conditions; ii) the degree of suffering associated with the behavioural restrictions that can occur under farming conditions; iii) the indicators to be used in the very different housing and management conditions in which rabbits can be farmed; and iv) the relationships between emotions and affective states of animals as well as the effect on resiliency of rabbits under different conditions. In this context, the present review is aimed at summarising the state of the art and designing a road map for assessing on-farm rabbit welfare based on the most recent knowledge and approaches with special emphasis on candidate animalbased indicators for measuring both negative and positive affective states of rabbits. The identification of positive welfare indicators is a big challenge, given the biological and behavioural characteristics of rabbits. Accordingly, a comprehensive and robust assessment of rabbit welfare on farms cannot do without structure- and management-based indicators, which should be included in validated and standardised protocols using a multi-indicator approach
El papel de la víctima menor de edad en el proceso penal español: cuestiones procesales
Get PDFNational and supranational institutions and different legal systems have been aware of the urgent need to grant special protection to this child group when their members are involved in judicial proceedings, whether criminal or civil. However, when the child has the role of victim, it is essential to take measures to prevent the phenomenon of re-victimization or secondary victimization that is inherent in criminal proceedings. Procedural but also extra-procedural protection measures have been gradually introduced to minimize the risk of the child during the trial. However, it was not until the arrival of Organic Law 8/2021 of 4 June, on comprehensive protection of children and adolescents against violence, when part of the judicial practice that was already being carried out has materialized, such as the consideration of the declaration of the child as ready-made evidence.Las instituciones nacionales y supranacionales y los diferentes ordenamientos jurídicos han venido siendo conscientes de la imperante necesidad de otorgar una protección especial al colectivo de la infancia cuando sus miembros se ven inmersos en un procedimiento judicial, ya sea penal o civil. Ahora bien, cuando el menor ostenta el papel de víctima resulta imprescindible tomar medidas que permitan evitar el fenómeno de la revictimización o victimización secundaria, la cual es una consecuencia adherida al proceso penal. Paulatinamente se han ido incorporando medidas de protección de carácter procesal pero también extraprocesal que permiten minimizar el riesgo del menor durante la sustanciación de la causa. No obstante, no ha sido hasta la llegada de la Ley Orgánica 8/2021, de 4 de junio, de Protección Integral a la infancia y la adolescencia frente a la violencia, cuando se ha materializado parte de la práctica judicial que ya se estaba llevando a cabo como es la consideración de la declaración del menor como prueba preconstituida sin mermar, eso sí, las garantías del investigado y/o acusado
Estimación de volúmenes de sedimentos por erosión hídrica empleando el modelo RUSLE en cuencas de la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador
Get PDFSediment production due to rainfall erosion is a topic of great interest because its lack of knowledge can represent serious dangers for nearby communities and infrastructures. Several methods have been developed inrecent years to quantify sediments, but their complexity, precision, and accuracy vary depending on the approach used. However, many of these models require the use of extensive precipitation time series, but in Ecuador, the meteorological stations present a worrying lack of data and their spatial distribution is not homogeneous, which generates an incorrect rainfall estimation in the analyzed territory. To solve this problem, it is possible to implement methodologies that use satellite raster information. The objective of the present investigation was to estimate the volumes of sediments in the hydrographic basins of the province of Manabí, through the implementation of the RUSLE model and an empirical procedure that requires the use of the apparent density of the soil in its three main textures (sand, clay and silt). The methodology considered the delimitation of the analyzed basins, the evaluation of satellite raster data to determine the six parameters of the RUSLE model between 2001 and 2020, and the estimation of apparent density through an innovative method. The delimitation of the basins was obtained through regional sources; the satellite information was obtained from official web sources; the typical values of the apparent density were obtained from sources at global scale; and the validation of the apparent density data was carried out by means of on-site sampling. The results allowed identifying soil erosion rates that vary between 0.10 ton ha-1 and 3252.22 ton ha-1, which generated an estimate of sediments between 0.06 m3 year-1 and 692.43 m3 year-1 at the pixel level. The average apparent density was 1.49 ton m-3, which demonstrates a high sand content in the basins of Manabí. The data validation revealed an excellent compatibility between the proposed methodology and the conventional on-site analysis, which is reflected in an average difference of less than 3%. The information obtained will allow the competent government entities to establish mitigation programs to deal with the loss of soil due to rainfall erosion and to control the sediments production.La producción de sedimentos por erosión hídrica es un tema de gran interés debido a que su desconocimiento puede representar graves peligros para las comunidades e infraestructuras cercanas. En los últimos años se han desarrollado varios métodos para cuantificar los sedimentos, pero su complejidad, precisión y exactitud varía dependiendo del enfoque empleado. Sin embargo, muchos de estos modelos requieren de la utilización de extensas series temporales de precipitaciones, pero, en Ecuador, las estaciones meteorológicas presentan una preocupante carencia de datos y su distribución espacial no es homogénea, lo que genera una incorrecta estimación de las lluvias en el territorio analizado. Para resolver este problema, es posible utilizar metodologías que empleen información ráster satelital. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue estimar los volúmenes de sedimentos en las cuencas hidrográficas de la provincia de Manabí, mediante la implementación del modelo RUSLE, a través de un procedimiento empírico que requiere de la utilización de la densidad aparente del suelo en sus tres texturas principales (arena, arcilla y limo). La metodología consideró la delimitación de las cuencas analizadas, la evaluación de datos ráster satelitales para determinar los seis parámetros del modelo RUSLE entre el año 2001 y 2020 y la estimación de la densidad aparente mediante un método innovador. La delimitación de las cuencas fue obtenida de fuentes regionales; la información satelital fue obtenida desde fuentes web oficiales; los valores típicos de la densidad aparente fueron obtenidos de fuentes a escala mundial; y la validación de los datos de densidad aparente se realizó mediante un muestreo en sitio. Los resultados permitieron identificar tasas de erosión del suelo que varían entre 0,10 ton ha-1 y 3252,22 ton ha-1, lo que generó una estimación de sedimentos entre 0,06 m3 año-1 y 692,43 m3 año-1 a nivel de píxel. La densidad aparente promedio fue de 1,49 ton m-3, lo que demuestra un elevado contenido de arena en las cuencas manabitas. La validación de datos reveló una excelente compatibilidad entre la metodología propuesta y el análisis convencional en sitio, que se ve reflejada en una diferencia promedio inferior al 3%. La información obtenida permitirá a las entidades gubernamentales competentes, establecer programas de mitigación para hacer frente a la pérdida del suelo por erosión hídrica y al control de la producción de sedimentos
Optimización de SVM para la clasificación de árboles de argán utilizando datos de Sentinel-2. Un caso de estudio en la región de Sous-Massa, Marruecos
Get PDFThe development of efficient classifiers for land cover remains challenging due to the presence of hyperparameters in the model. Conventional approaches rely on manual tuning, which is both time-consuming and impractical, often leading to suboptimal results. This study aimed to optimize the hyperparameters of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm using the grid search method to map the distribution of the Argan forest in the Souss-Massa region of Morocco from Sentinel-2 satellite image. To achieve this, we examined the C parameter for the linear function, as well as the C and gamma parameters for the radial RBF and sigmoid functions. Similarly, we explored the C, gamma, and degree parameters for the polynomial function chosen using the grid search method. These parameters are compared with the default hyperparameters of each SVM function. The results are validated using the cross-validation method and by the following scores: accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and Cohen’s Kappa. The experiments were conducted using the Earth Engine Python API in Google Colab (Google Collaboratory). In addition, experimental results indicate that the hyperparameters selected by grid search yield higher scores than the default hyperparameters. The best results were achieved using the hyperparameters of the polynomial base kernel, specifically with C = 10, degree = 2, and gamma = 10. Accuracy = 96.61%.El desarrollo de clasificadores eficientes para la cobertura del suelo sigue siendo un desafío debido a la presencia de hiperparámetros en el modelo. Los enfoques convencionales dependen de un ajuste manual, que es tanto lento como poco práctico, lo que a menudo conduce a resultados subóptimos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo optimizar los hiperparámetros del algoritmo de Máquina de Vectores de Soporte (SVM) utilizando el método de búsqueda en cuadrícula para mapear la distribución del bosque de Argán en la región de Souss-Massa de Marruecos a partir de una imagen de satélite Sentinel-2. Para lograr esto, examinamos el parámetro C para la función lineal, así como los parámetros C y gamma para las funciones radiales RBF y sigmoide. De manera similar, exploramos los parámetros C, gamma y grado para la función polinómica elegida utilizando el método de búsqueda en cuadrícula. Estos parámetros se comparan con los hiperparámetros predeterminados de cada unción SVM. Los resultados se validan utilizando el método de validación cruzada y mediante los siguientes puntajes: exactitud, precisión, recall, puntaje F1 y Kappa de Cohen. Los experimentos se realizaron utilizando la API de Python de Earth Engine en Google Colab (Google Collaboratory). Además, los resultados experimentales indican que los hiperparámetros seleccionados por búsqueda en cuadrícula arrojan puntajes más altos que los hiperparámetros predeterminados. Los mejores resultados se lograron utilizando los hiperparámetros del kernel de base polinómica, específicamente con C = 10, grado = 2 y gamma = 10. Exactitud = 96.61%
Los grados de Geografía en las universidades españolas ante un futuro con condicionantes heredados no resueltos
Get PDFNowadays, six Spanish universities have renewed their degrees in Geography that were implemented according to the Royal Ordinance 1393/2007. Additionally, we have a framework more conductive to future renovation of degrees in Geography with the recent entry into force of the Organic Law of the University System and the imminent five-year update of professional profiles from the College of Geographers. In this context, and having 30 active degrees in Spain in the academic year 2021/2022, this study addresses an analysis of the current characteristics of the degrees in Geography, especially in regard to the demand evolution. To this end, we develop a hybrid documentary and quantitative methodology, based on the analytical potential of Database Management Systems and Geographic Information Systems. Cartographic and statistic results show the wide territorial coverage of the degrees in Geography and the existence of four profiles of universities with decreasing demand in contrast to only one profile of universities with positive evolution of students. Future degrees in Geography maybe will be influenced -as they did in the transition from previous to current degrees- by the existence of unresolved difficulties, such as: the time lag of the professional profiles of Geography and the rigidity of academic structures, the low interest at pre-university levels, and the persistent absence of clarity regarding the professional Geopraphy.Los grados de Geografía implantados en España a raíz del Real Decreto 1393/2007 han sido renovados con nuevas denominaciones y orientaciones en seis universidades españolas. Adicionalmente, la reciente entrada en vigor de la Ley Orgánica del Sistema Universitario y la última actualización quinquenal de los perfiles profesionales por parte del Colegio de Geógrafos hacen previsibles nuevas formulaciones de los grados de Geografía en próximos años. En este marco, y con 30 grados activos en España en el curso 2021/2022, se aborda un análisis de la situación actual de los grados de Geografía haciendo especial referencia a la situación de la demanda. Para ello, se plantea una metodología híbrida documental y cuantitativa, basada en el potencial analítico de los Sistemas Gestores de Bases de Datos y los Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Los mapas y estadísticos generados permiten constatar la amplia cobertura territorial de los grados de Geografía y la existencia de cuatro perfiles de universidades con demanda decreciente frente a un solo perfil de universidades con evolución positiva de alumnado. La herencia de la anterior Licenciatura en Geografía y la existencia de condicionantes no resueltos en relación con el desfase temporal de los perfiles profesionales de la Geografía, la rigidez de las estructuras académicas, el escaso interés en niveles preuniversitarios y el persistente desconocimiento de la Geografía profesional, pueden condicionar los grados futuros igual que lo hicieron en la transición de la licenciatura a los grados vigentes, mayoritariamente concebidos como Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio
Perfil emprendedor en estudiantes universitarios de modalidad a distancia. Actitud hacia el emprendimiento y competencias emprendedoras como variables predictoras de la intención emprendedora
Get PDFThe assessment of the entrepreneurial intentions and skills of distance learning students has not been given much consideration, so the GUESSS questionnaire was applied to 2458 students at the National University of Distance Education. The objectives were: a) to describe entrepreneurial intentions and competences, experiences in entrepreneurship and the valuation of the university as an entrepreneurial ecosystem; b) to detect groupings with respect to the entrepreneurial profile; c) to identify influential variables of entrepreneurial intention. Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional survey research was conducted. Multivariate cluster and multiple linear regression analyses, Mann- Whitney U-tests, Kruskal-Wallis H-tests and Spearman’s coefficient were implemented. Entrepreneurial intention was relatively low and entrepreneurial skills were significantly developed. They rated the university favourably as an entrepreneurial ecosystem, requiring improvements in terms of entrepreneurship promotion. Two clusters of students were identified: high/low entrepreneurial potential. The variable that best predicted entrepreneurial intention was attitude; the weight of entrepreneurial competences was not negligible. Perceived behavioural control and subjective norms did not show a strong relationship. The predictive model showed high explanatory power. Since entrepreneurship education helps to improve entrepreneurial skills and intentions, knowing the psychosocial antecedents that lead subjects to become entrepreneurs can contribute to the design of more realistic and feasible training programmes for entrepreneurship, adapted to different student profiles.
La evaluación de las intenciones y competencias emprendedoras de los estudiantes de modalidad a distancia no se ha tenido demasiado en cuenta, por lo que se aplicó el cuestionario GUESSS a 2458 discentes de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. Los objetivos fueron: a) describir las intenciones y competencias emprendedoras, las experiencias en emprendimiento y la valoración de la universidad como ecosistema emprendedor; b) detectar agrupamientos respecto al perfil emprendedor; c) identificar variables influyentes de la intención emprendedora. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa, no experimental, transversal y de encuesta. Se implementaron análisis multivariante de conglomerados y de regresión lineal múltiple, las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney, H de Kruskal-Wallis y el coeficiente de Spearman. La intención emprendedora fue relativamente baja y las competencias emprendedoras estaban considerablemente desarrolladas. Valoraron favorablemente a la universidad como ecosistema emprendedor, requiriendo mejoras en cuanto al fomento de los emprendimientos. Se identificaron dos conglomerados de estudiantes: alto/bajo potencial emprendedor. La variable que mejor predijo la intención emprendedora fue la actitud; el peso de las competencias emprendedoras no resultó despreciable. El control conductual percibido y las normas subjetivas no mostraron una relación fuerte con la misma. El modelo predictivo mostró gran capacidad explicativa. Puesto que la educación emprendedora permite mejorar las competencias e intenciones emprendedoras, conocer los antecedentes psicosociales que llevan a los sujetos a emprender puede contribuir al diseño de programas formativos para el emprendimiento más realistas y viables, adaptados a los distintos perfiles de alumnos