Open Access Publications (Univ. de Genève)
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Towards enhanced Museum Services: The application of Artificial Intelligence at the Louvre museum, Abu Dhabi
Get PDFThis study sought to establish the extent to which the Louvre, Museum Abu Dhabi (the largest museum in the Arabian Peninsula) has deployed artificial intelligence tools to enhance its operations. Firstly, the study sought to identify the various AI tools that can be implemented in a museum setting. Subsequently, the study explored ways through which the identified AI tools were deployed to enhance museums’ work processes and operations. Thirdly, the study provides an analysis on which of the identified AI tools have been implemented at the Louvre Museum, Abu Dhabi. Lastly, the study will make recommendations on how museums across the world can optimize AI technologies to embed a digital museum experience. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and a case study research design where the Louvre Museum, Abu Dhabi is the main case. Data was collected through literature review and semi structured interviews. Specifically, to answer research question 1, 2 and 4 of the study, data was collected by reviewing books and journal articles relating to digital technologies in museums. For research question 3, the researcher reviewed literature relating to the operations of the Louvre Museum, Abu Dhabi as well as interviewed one of the staff at the museum familiar with the implementation of AI technologies. Data was analysed thematically based on the research questions of the study
La culture dans et pour penser l’école : enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologiques pour la recherche
No full textThe reluctance of researchers to resort to the term “culture” reflects their fear of freezing or reducing phenomena. To turn it into a dynamic concept, it is necessary to move away from the common uses of the term and to question the epistemological and methodological stakes of our research. This article is part of a reflection that questions the ways in which research is conducted, transmitted, and communicated. We draw from our investigations an analysis of official documents from primary education in Geneva, ethnographic observations made in schools, and research interviews conducted with teachers and student-teachers in training. In the first part, we describe the uses of the term “culture” in our fieldwork. For the institution, culture refers both to an aim of transmission and to the recognition of the diversity of the audience. For teachers, multiculturality implicitly designates a disadvantaged environment and is a source of professional difficulties. These plural uses of the term culture lead us, in the second part, to question our ways of conducting research. Drawing on Ingold’s work, we develop the concept of depth and its implications on the research relationship. Developing a deep relationship with participants allows for the co-construction of a shared understanding of the world, beyond pre-existing categories.La frilosité des chercheur-es à recourir à la « culture » traduit leur crainte de figer ou réduire des phénomènes. Pour en faire un concept dynamique, il est nécessaire de s’écarter des usages courants du terme et de soulever les enjeux épistémologiques et méthodologiques de nos recherches. L’article s’inscrit dans une réflexion qui interroge les manières de faire, transmettre et communiquer la recherche. Nous mobilisons de nos enquêtes une analyse des documents officiels de l’enseignement primaire genevois, les observations ethnographiques réalisées dans les établissements scolaires, les entretiens de recherche menés auprès d’enseignant-es et d’étudiant-es en formation. Dans une première partie, nous décrivons les usages du terme de culture sur nos terrains d’enquête. Pour l’institution, la culture renvoie à la fois à une visée de transmission et au constat de la diversité des publics. Pour les enseignant-es, la multiculturalité désigne implicitement un environnement défavorisé et est source de difficultés professionnelles. Ces usages pluriels de la culture nous conduisent, dans une deuxième partie, à interroger nos manières de faire de la recherche. À partir des travaux d’Ingold, nous développons le concept de profondeur et ses implications sur la relation d’enquête. Développer une relation profonde avec les participant-es permet de coconstruire une compréhension du monde, au-delà de catégories préexistantes
Democratizing Open Data Through AI: The Case of Sweden
Get PDFThe article explores the democratization of open data through the lens of artificial intelligence (AI) and its implications for citizen participation and engagement. “Open government” initiatives aim to promote increased transparency and accountability in governance issues, boost innovation and create inclusive and efficient government institutions. Since Sweden has the oldest Freedom of Press Act and the Right to Access Public Records Act, its citizens are used to free access to government information. However current developments pushing the opening of government data, are different from it because they focus on the commercialization of government information/data with to create an information market. Using the secondary research method, the article explores the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and open data within the public sector in Sweden, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges presented by these technologies. It discusses the barriers to open data utilization, such as privacy concerns, information quality, and technical challenges. AI can enhance the accessibility and reusability of government data while addressing ethical and social implications. The potential of AI to democratize open data is examined. The article advocates an inclusive approach to open data to avoid a data-divide. By leveraging AI, the article posits that the public sector can improve service delivery and foster innovation, while also emphasizing the importance of transparency and citizen engagement in the open data movement
“A noite vai chegar”: cultura disco e materialidade queer nos trópicos
Get PDFL’article vise à analyser comment les éléments constitutifs de la culture disco brésilienne des années 1970 ont contribué à la sédimentation de la matérialité queer dans le pays y qui, à son tour, était liée au domaine de l’expérience érotique. En se basant sur des rapports, des paroles, des épisodes de l\u27industrie musicale brésilienne et des traits de comportement de l’époque, cet article retracera certains aspects de l’histoire de la culture disco dans le pays, qui va du particulier au massif, de l’espace primordial des expressions minoritaires, parfois ignorées par le jeu du capital, au territoire standard pour le marché visuel des célébrités. Il sera examiné donc comment l’implication érotique d’une communauté de danseurs gays semble engendrer des formes queer possibles qui réverbèrent les désirs, les sensibilités et les manières d’être ensemble sur une piste de danse.O artigo objetiva analisar como elementos constitutivos da cultura disco brasileira nos anos 1970 foram primordiais para o fomento de uma materialidade queer nos trópicos que, por sua vez, estaria atrelada ao campo da experiência erótica. A partir de reportagens, letras de música, episódios sobre a indústria fonográfica local e traços comportamentais do período, traçaremos aspectos da história da cultura disco no país, que vai do particular ao massivo, do espaço primevo das expressões minoritárias, e algumas vezes desconsideradas pelo jogo do capital, ao território padrão para o mercado visual das celebridades. Portanto, iremos verificar como a implicação erótica de uma comunidade gay dançante parece ser engendradora de possíveis formas queer que reverberam anseios, sensibilidades e modos de estar junto em uma pista de dança
Memórias de partidas e de chegadas. Representações de Portugal e de África dos portugueses retornados
Get PDFCet article explore les mémoires des rapatriés portugais qui ont vécu dans les colonies africaines, se focalisant sur la manière dont leurs biographies et leurs identités ont été profondément modelées par les histoires de la colonisation, la décolonisation puis le retour au Portugal. À partir d’entretiens de mémoire, cette étude analyse les perceptions des rapatriés sur le Portugal et les sociétés coloniales où ils étaient insérés en Afrique. Elle révèle des identités coloniales et post-coloniales complexes, ainsi que la façon dont les sentiments de perte et de déracinement ont émergé après le rapatriement. Les récits mémoriels des rapatriés sont présentés comme des actes importants de reconstruction des expériences vécues et des identités, et permettent de proposer une vision critique sur la manière dont les mémoires de l’empire continuent de façonner les vies et les représentations des rapatriés dans le contexte post-colonial portugais. En outre, l’article examine les mécanismes d’identification et de différenciation hérités de la période coloniale. Les trajectoires migratoires et l’intégration des rapatriés au Portugal ont été modelés par ces mécanismes d’une part, et continuent d’influencer les catégorisations sociales encore à l’œuvre aujourd’hui d’autre part.Este artigo explora as memórias dos retornados portugueses que viveram nas colónias africanas, com foco em como suas biografias e identidades foram profundamente moldadas pelas histórias da colonização, descolonização e retorno a Portugal. A partir de entrevistas de memória, o estudo analisa as perceções dos retornados sobre Portugal e as sociedades coloniais em que estiveram inseridos em África, revelando as suas complexas identidades coloniais e pós-coloniais, bem como os sentimentos de perda e desenraizamento que emergiram após o repatriamento. As narrativas de memória dos retornados são apresentadas como atos significativos de reconstrução das experiências vividas e das identidades, oferecendo uma visão crítica sobre como as memórias do império continuam a influenciar suas vidas e representações no contexto pós-colonial português. Além disso, o artigo examina os mecanismos de identidade e diferença herdados do período colonial, que não apenas moldaram as trajetórias migratórias e a integração dos retornados após o seu regresso, mas que também continuam a influenciar as suas categorizações sociais no presente
A deep-sea spa: the key to the pearl octopus’ success
No full textPearl octopuses brood their eggs in abyssal warm springs more than 3 km below the sea surface. This warmth speeds up the development and hatching of their eggs, shortening the brooding period for octopus mothers tending their nests. Exploiting this rare deep-sea heat source provides a reproductive boost that ensures the survival of this abyssal octopus.
Cicada emergence alters forest food webs
No full textDuring a recent periodical cicada emergence, over 80 bird species altered their foraging behaviors to feed on the abundant insects. This diet shift reduced the rate of predation on forest caterpillars, doubling both their abundance and the amount of leaf tissue they consumed. Regional biomass pulses thus have the potential to disrupt the usual patterns of energy flow in forest ecosystems.
 
Downsystem grain-size trends and mass balance of an ancient wave-influenced sediment routing system: Middle Jurassic Brent Delta, northern North Sea, offshore UK and Norway
Get PDFWe reconstruct spatial variations in grain size in the sediment routing system of the data-rich Middle Jurassic Brent Group of the northern North Sea, using published stratigraphic, thickness, palaeogeographic, provenance and age constraints combined with representative core and wireline-log data. Facies associations provide a textural proxy for gravel, sand and mud grain-size fractions, and their distributions define spatio-temporal variations in grain size within four stratigraphic intervals (J22, J24, J26, J32 genetic sequences). Sediment was sourced from the west (Shetland Platform), east (Norwegian Landmass) and south (Mid-North Sea High). The associated sediment routing systems were geographically distinct in the oldest (J22) and youngest (J32) genetic sequences, but combined to feed a large wave-dominated delta (‘Brent Delta’) in genetic sequences J24 and J26. Few of the Brent Group sediment routing systems exhibit the downsystem-fining grain-size trend predicted by sediment mass balance theory. Deviations from this reference trend reflect: (1) sparse sampling of channelised fluvial and fluvio-tidal sand bodies in upsystem locations; (2) preferential trapping of sand in underfilled antecedent and syn-depositional, half-graben depocentres in genetic sequences J22 and J32; and (3) nearshore retention of sand by shoaling waves in wave-dominated shoreface and barrier-strandplain systems. This third type of deviation reveals that spatial facies partitioning due to shallow-marine process regime distorts the simple downsystem-fining reference trend, and supports the interpretation that large volumes of predominantly muddy sediment were bypassed beyond the ‘Brent Delta’ into neighbouring basins. Our analysis demonstrates a practical approach to interpret sediment supply and sediment dispersal in the stratigraphic record
Fixer des parcours, négocier des décisions: L\u27enfance métisse au prisme des commissions de tutelle au Congo belge (1890-1960)
Get PDFFrom the end of the 19th century, colonial administrators set up institutions and standards to assess and manage “abandoned” “native” children. Guardianship commissions dealt with the placement of orphans, disqualification from motherhood, and the appointment of guardians. They brought together representatives of the colonial state, religious missions and institutions, and private individuals. This article focuses, in particular, on mixed-race children born of interracial relationships in the colonial context in Congo and Ruanda-Urundi. The commissions relied on a network of surveys and investigations to decide on the fate of the children, control the – African – mothers, and, to a lesser extent and not without contradictions, compel the “presumed” European fathers to contribute financially to the education of their métis children. In this article, we show how the guardianship commissions are an observatory of the ambiguities, paternalism, racism, and violence of colonial society.Dès la fin du xixe siècle, les administrateurs coloniaux ont mis en place des institutions et des normes pour évaluer et gérer l’enfance « indigène » « abandonnée ». Le placement d’orphelins, la déchéance de maternité et le choix de tuteurs ou tutrices délégué.e.s sont notamment confiés aux commissions de tutelle, des instances qui rassemblent des représentants de l’État colonial, des missions et institutions religieuses et des particuliers. Cet article s’intéresse aux enfants métis, nés de relations interraciales dans le contexte colonial au Congo et au Ruanda-Urundi. Les commissions s’appuient sur un réseau de recensement et d’enquête pour décider du sort des enfants, contrôler les mères – africaines – et dans une moindre mesure et non sans contradictions, contraindre les pères européens « présumés » à contribuer financièrement à l’éducation de leurs enfants métis. Cet article montre comment la commission de tutelle constitue un observatoire des ambiguïtés, du paternalisme, du racisme et de la violence de la société coloniale
Le milieu didactique au-delà des sentiers battus et des représentations : Une place pour l’autonomie et la créativité
Get PDFThis article presents the content of one of the workshops held during the “L\u27hôte (in)attendu” study day. It explores the possibilities of using socio-culturally anchored, textbook-independent objects in the classroom. This particular pathway can help students develop broad, differentiated skills, presenting a surprising perspective on how to apprehend and mobilize knowledge objects in the classroom. Because taking a different path means confronting new issues and challenges in order to enter the task differently and mobilize broader competencies. The workshop, led by Yves Barblan and Federica Rossi, proposed a discussion of possible “authentic” environments, with a view to identifying convergences and differences in the various didactics.Cet écrit présente le contenu d’un des ateliers proposés lors de la journée d’étude « L’hôte (in)attendu ». Il explore les possibilités d’usage d’objets socio-culturellement ancrés et indépendants des manuels scolaires en classe. Ce cheminement particulier peut aider les élèves à développer des compétences élargies et différenciées en présentant une perspective surprenante pour appréhender et mobiliser les objets de savoirs en classe. Car emprunter des chemins de traverse, c’est se confronter à des enjeux et des défis pour entrer différemment dans la tâche et mobiliser des compétences élargies. L’atelier, mené par Yves Barblan et Federica Rossi, a proposé d’échanger autour de possibles milieux ‘authentiques’, afin d’en dégager des convergences et des différences dans les diverses didactiques