Tübingen Open Journals (Univ. Tübingen)
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Mapping Religionswissenschaft Vol. 2: Bericht zur zweiten Workshopreihe des Projekts »Mapping Religionswissenschaft« im Sommersemester 2022
No full textDigital Healing? Digital Capitalism? : Neoliberalism, Digital Health Technologies, and Citizen Health
No full textThe emergence of digital health and illness technologies and the digitisation of capitalist economic production reflect the increasing cyborgisation of organic matter within current economic and social relations. In this paper I employ a materialist and posthuman approach to ‘digital health’, investigating micropolitically what digital technologies and apps actually do, within the contexts of contemporary social relations and the emergence of digital capitalism. This enables new insights into the impacts of the digital upon social production, making sense of the contribution of both human and non-human matter both to digital health and to the wider economics and politics of neoliberal health care. The paper evaluates four digital health technologies to consider what capacities theyproduce in bodies and the micropolitical impact of the technology in terms of power, resistance and social order. I then consider how these micropolitics might be changed by altering the contexts or other forces, and argue that this opens up ways for digital technologies to be used to promote radical and transgressive possibilities, by re-engineering the interactions between technologies and other materialities. I conclude by discussing ‘digital activism’. I examine how technologies and apps may be engineered to democratise data: to enable collective responses to health issues, to challenge health policy and to organise against health corporations, environmental polluters, and purveyors of fast and processed foods. This collective, bottom-up model of ‘citizen health’ (Rimal et al. 1997) counters both the marketisation of health and the paternalism of health care
Healthcare Workers’ Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Argentina: A Syndemic Approach to Hospitals
No full textThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic put into evidence the need to think in syndemic terms, as all health issues co-exists with environmental, social, economic and political factors that exacerbate any epidemic. In this work we propose the concept of “syndemic” to analyze what happened in public hospitals of Argentina, from a socio-epidemiological perspective. In methodological terms, semi-structured interviews with workers were conducted in two phases: initially, at the onset of the pandemic in Argentina, using WhatsApp, and subsequently, as the pandemic progressed, through virtual meeting platforms. The content analysis of the narratives makes it possible to identify how health workers, in many situations, are the architects of problem-solving strategies that emerge during the pandemic: managing shortages (of supplies, for example) and providing care – even at risk to their own health. We also identified deliberative spaces of “dialogue-work” among workers (meetings, crisis committees, union activities), recognized as environments of support, care and/or self-care during the pandemic. In these spaces some challenges facing the health sector must be seen syndemically. We conclude by analyzing the potential of applying the concept of syndemic to public health problems and policies in hospital institutions from a socio-epidemiological perspective, highlighting the transformative process of workers to attend to emergency situations. These dimensions are crucial in developing health policies in synch with other processes of socio-epidemiological change, which occur both within hospitals and within the population that uses public health services
Krisen, Körper, Kompetenzen. Methoden und Potentiale medizinanthro- pologischen Forschens Bericht zur 35. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ethnologie und Medizin (AGEM) in Kooperation mit dem 20. Arbeitstreffen der Kommission Medizinanthropologie der : Bericht zur 35. Jahrestagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Ethnologie und Medizin (AGEM) in Kooperation mit dem 20. Arbeitstreffen der Kommission Medizinanthropologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Empirische Kulturwis- senschaft (DGEKW), Warburg-Haus Hamburg, 08.–09. September 2023
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Kritik an medizinisch-psychologischen Konzepten im post-genozidalen Ruanda: Zu Gender-Aspekten, kolonialen Perspektiven und der Vergessenheit des Materiellen in autobiografischen Zeugnissen von Esther Mujawayo und Révérien Rurangwa
No full textDer Genozid an den Tutsi Ruandas war der Kulminationspunkt einer langen Gewaltgeschichte. Die Massaker in den drei Monaten von April bis Juni 1994 haben über eine Million Menschen das Leben gekostet und lassen auch feministische Fragen in den Fokus treten: Durch die Massenvergewaltigungen waren viele Frauen mit dem HI-Virus angesteckt worden und dadurch, dass mehr Männer getötet worden waren, musste die Organisation des ,Danachʻ vor allem durch die weiblichen Überlebenden erfolgen. Im Zentrum der folgenden historisch informierten literaturwissenschaftlichen Studie zum Umgang mit ,Heilungsversuchenʻ und Gender-Aspekten in Ruanda stehen die Stimmen von Betroffenen selbst. Damit wird dem Plädoyer Mujawayos gefolgt, medizinisch-psychologische Hilfe viel stärker von den Patient:innen her zu definieren – und nicht in erster Linie von außenstehenden ,Spezialist:innenʻ, die im beschriebenen Kontext zudem paternalistische und koloniale Hierarchien reproduzierten. Die erste These, die im Beitrag dargelegt wird, lautet, dass aus autobiografischen Berichten von Überlebenden die stabilisierende Wirkung materieller Hilfe auch für die Psyche spricht. Die zweite These betrifft ,Heilungsversucheʻ, die auf das Auffinden der Getöteten angewiesen waren. Als dritte These wird auf die Unmöglichkeit wirklich heilender medizinischer Hilfe eingegangen, wobei Kritik am Begriff der ,Resilienzʻ geübt wird
Undoing Threads of Knowledge: Exploring Power, Activism, and Undone Science in Medical Teaching
No full textIn medical training, students are often presented with an image of scientific knowledge as an inherently neutral, benevolent catalyst for societal progress and understanding. Yet, growing evidence shows the uneven distribution of research interest, prioritization, and funding, resulting in gaps of ‘undone science’ (Frickel et al. 2010). As a result, knowledge about bodies who are not male, cis, white, and abled is lacking, and medical care suffers. In this text, we reflect on our experience working with ‘undone science’ as an analytical framework with which to fill conceptual gaps in contemporary medical education, based on a joint teaching project at the Medical University of Vienna. Centering on three examples of ‘undone science’ – endometriosis, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and ‘male’ contraception – we conducted interviews with eight health activists in four countries. In this article, we discuss how bringing these voices into the classroom gave medical students an understanding of long historical continuities of health-related struggles and emphasized the socio-political responsibility of healthcare. We ultimately argue for the pedagogical potential of ‘undone science’ in medical teaching to encourage a critical analysis of knowledge construction surrounding health and illness, and a conscious shift in future healthcare workers from passive to vocal actors
Coscienza e intelligenza artificiale: la coscienza nel dialogo tra le intelligenze
Get PDFLa coscienza umana si trova al crocevia tra biologia e tecnologia. Per un verso la coscienza si è andata formando nel lungo processo evolutivo che ha preceduto e realizzato l’emergere dell’homo sapiens e delle sue capacità emotive e cognitive (dal pre-umano all’umano). Per un altro verso, nei tempi più recenti la coscienza è stata arricchita e viene sempre più arricchita da supporti tecnici che ne possono espandere le capacità ma che ne possono anche stabilire il superamento per l’emergere di nuove forme di intelligenza (dall’umano al post-umano). L’attenzione al paradigma della complessità, evitando facili e ingenui riduzionismi, consente un’integrazione più appropriata di questi due processi
Sfide per la memoria oggi. Una lettura sociologica sull’uso della memoria: Memory challenges today. A sociological readinf of the use of memory
Get PDFLa pandemia in corso sta riportando l’idea di limite negli orizzonti culturali contemporanei, rendendo ineludibile il confronto con il senso della nostra “durata” come individui, società, comunità umana. Il contributo richiama il legame fra sistema della memoria e costruzione della durata, individuale e collettiva; analizza i cambiamenti spazio-temporali responsabili della sconnessione dal passato e dal futuro che si profila per le giovani generazioni; mette in luce ambivalenze e contraddizioni di tali processi; sottolinea la centralità della memoria critica nella costruzione di nuovi referenti di significato per l’avventura umana negli orizzonti globali contemporanei.
The ongoing pandemic is bringing back the sense of limit in the contemporary cultural horizons, making inevitable the confrontation with the sense of our “duration” as individuals, society and human community. The contribution recalls the link between the memory system and the costruction of individual and collective duration; it analyzes the spatial-temporal changes responsible for the looming disconnection from the past and the future for the young generations; highlights the ambivalences and contradictions of these processes; stresses the centrality of critical memory in the costruction of new referents of meaning for human adventure in the contemporary global horizons.
La pandemia en curso está devolviendo la idea de límite a los horizontes culturales contemporáneos, por lo que es inevitable confrontarla con el sentido de nuestra “duración“ como individuos, sociedad, comunidad humana. La aportación recuerda el vínculo entre el sistema de la memoria y la construcción de la duración individual y colectiva; analiza los cambios espacio-tem-porales responsables de la desconexión del pasado y del futuro que se avecina para las generaciones jóvenes; destaca las ambivalencias y contradicciones de estos procesos; subraya la centralidad de la memoria crítica en la construcción de nuevos referentes de significado para la aventura humana en los horizontes globales contemporáneos
La memoria del passato nell’educazione delle giovani generazioni nell’Africa occidentale: The memory of the past in the educational of young generations in West Africa
No full textL’articolo sottolinea la funzione formativa della memoria storica nel sistema educativo tradizionale nell’Africa Occidentale. L’educazione tradizionale è un processo finalizzato sia alla crescita armonica delle nuove generazioni sia all’inserimento attivo di quest’ultime nella loro società. Gli eventi, i gesti, i simboli e le parole consegnati ai giovani fanno parte di un insieme di aspetti fondanti dell’esperienza umana e sociale. La coscienza storica inserisce la persona in una precisa continuità di legami vivificanti che definiscono la sua identità culturale. La sfida del sistema educativo attuale nell’Africa Occidentale è quella di integrare il passato, il presente e il futuro attraverso immaginazione, relazioni, senso critico, operatività e sano realismo.
The article highlights the formative function of historical memory in the traditional educational system in West Africa. Traditional education is a process aimed both at the harmonious growth of the new generations and at the active integration of the latter in their society. The events, gestures, symbols and words entrusted to young people are part of a set of fundamental aspects of human and social experience. Historical consciousness integrates the person into a precise continuity of life-giving bonds that define his or her cultural identity. The challenge of the current educational system in West Africa is to integrate the past, the present and the future through imagination, relationships, critical sense, operativeness and healthy realism.
El artículo enfatiza la función educativa de la memoria histórica en el sistema educativo tradicional en África Occidental. La educación tradicional es un proceso finalizado tanto al crecimiento armónico de las nuevas generaciones como a la inclusión activa de estas en su sociedad. Los eventos, gestos, símbolos y palabras entregados a los jóvenes forman parte de un conjunto de aspectos fundamentales de la experiencia humana y social. La conciencia histórica inserta la persona en una continuidad precisa de lazos vivificantes que definen su identidad cultural. El desafío del sistema educativo actual en África Occidental es integrar el pasado, el presente y el futuro a través de la imaginación, las relaciones, el sentido crítico, la ación y el realismo saludable