34711 research outputs found
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Coaching in action : investigating actual coaching behaviour over time
No full textResearch on the factors contributing to effective coaching has gained significant attention in recent years. These factors, however, are rather abstract constructs that cannot readily be observed. To address this issue, we focus on coaching behaviours. Coaching behaviours describe what coaches actually do during the coaching process and represent the visible and observable part of the coaching factors. Using behavioural observation, we analysed 50 coaching sessions with an average duration of 73.02 minutes (SD = 16.26). Our analysis demonstrated that specific coaching behaviours and coaching phases can be observed with high inter-rater reliability. In addition, coaching behaviours vary across different coaching phases, suggesting that coaches implement coaching factors in specific phases. These findings deepen our understanding of how coaching factors manifest themselves on a behavioural level throughout the coaching process, informing both research and evidence-based practice. This knowledge can also serve as a foundation for developing training programmes that target coaching processes at a fine-grained level
Identification and characterization of the elusive protein backbone of the immuno-dominant and species-specific Em2(G11) metacestode antigen of Echinococcus multilocularis
No full textAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, is a severe zoonotic disease in humans. One of the major metacestode antigens of E. multilocularis is the Em2 or Em2(G11) native purified antigen. The Em2 antigen is used for the serological and histopathological diagnosis of AE in humans and plays an important role in parasite–host interactions. As the Em2(G11) antigen is a mucin-type and glycosylated protein, the protein backbone has not been identified yet. We have targeted the protein backbone identification through mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of the Em2(G11) antigen. As a result, we evidenced that the Em2(G11) antigen consists of 33 unique protein candidates of which the most abundant was ‘’EmuJ_001105600.1’’. This protein (889 amino acids) had 427 predicted glycosylation sites. Amino acid composition comparison was in agreement with earlier studies and further confirmed the candidate of interest as the most likely Em2(G11) protein backbone. NCBI BLAST revealed no other known protein homologues in related Echinococcus species nor helminths. After successfully producing this protein recombinantly (Em2rec), a monoclonal antibody (mAbEm2rec) was raised against it. Immunohistochemical stainings of liver tissue sections of AE patients showed that the mAbEm2rec reacts specifically with E. multilocularis antigens solely after deglycosylation with an O-glycosidase cocktail. Similarly, in ELISA, the mAbEm2rec recognized the recombinant and native antigens of E. multilocularis after deglycosylation. These results reveal the nature of this highly glycosylated and specific protein, where mucins are covering the proteomic backbone. For antibody detection in human patients, the native Em2(G11) antigen was superior compared to the Em2rec antigen, indicating the importance of glycosylated epitopes in this immuno-dominant antigen. Of note is the second most abundant protein in the Em2(G11) antigen, namely phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK; EmuJ_000292700.1). PEPCK is known to play an important part in the metabolic pathway of gluconeogenesis in E. multilocularis. However, whether this co-eluted protein has any functional importance in the parasite-host interplay of nutrients, growth, and diagnostic significance, is not explored. By combining various approaches, we were able to uncover and confirm the protein backbone of the diagnostic Em2(G11) antigen of E. multilocularis
Öffentliches Zurverfügungstellen eines Datensatzes zum Training von KI : wie würden Schweizer Gerichte entscheiden?
No full textEine rechtsvergleichende Darstellung der angewendeten Schrankenbestimmungen des deutschen Rechts und der einschlägigen Schranken des schweizerischen Urheberrechts anhand des Urteils 310 O 227/23 des Landgerichts Hamburg vom 27. September 2024
Finding consensus on trust in AI in health care : recommendations from a panel of international experts
No full textBackground: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into health care has become a crucial element in the digital transformation of health systems worldwide. Despite the potential benefits across diverse medical domains, a significant barrier to the successful adoption of AI systems in health care applications remains the prevailing low user trust in these technologies. Crucially, this challenge is exacerbated by the lack of consensus among experts from different disciplines on the definition of trust in AI within the health care sector.
Objective: We aimed to provide the first consensus-based analysis of trust in AI in health care based on an interdisciplinary panel of experts from different domains. Our findings can be used to address the problem of defining trust in AI in health care applications, fostering the discussion of concrete real-world health care scenarios in which humans interact with AI systems explicitly.
Methods: We used a combination of framework analysis and a 3-step consensus process involving 18 international experts from the fields of computer science, medicine, philosophy of technology, ethics, and social sciences. Our process consisted of a synchronous phase during an expert workshop where we discussed the notion of trust in AI in health care applications, defined an initial framework of important elements of trust to guide our analysis, and agreed on 5 case studies. This was followed by a 2-step iterative, asynchronous process in which the authors further developed, discussed, and refined notions of trust with respect to these specific cases.
Results: Our consensus process identified key contextual factors of trust, namely, an AI system’s environment, the actors involved, and framing factors, and analyzed causes and effects of trust in AI in health care. Our findings revealed that certain factors were applicable across all discussed cases yet also pointed to the need for a fine-grained, multidisciplinary analysis bridging human-centered and technology-centered approaches. While regulatory boundaries and technological design features are critical to successful AI implementation in health care, ultimately, communication and positive lived experiences with AI systems will be at the forefront of user trust. Our expert consensus allowed us to formulate concrete recommendations for future research on trust in AI in health care applications.
Conclusions: This paper advocates for a more refined and nuanced conceptual understanding of trust in the context of AI in health care. By synthesizing insights into commonalities and differences among specific case studies, this paper establishes a foundational basis for future debates and discussions on trusting AI in health care
Entscheidungsbias : besser entscheiden, wenn man die Verzerrungen kennt
No full textDie heutige Arbeitswelt ist geprägt von zunehmender Komplexität, enormer Schnelllebigkeit und hoher Transformationsgeschwindigkeit. Im Kontext einer zusätzlich gesteigerten Informationsvielfalt wird es folglich für Führungskräfte zu einer immer größeren Herausforderung, fundierte Entscheidungen zu treffen. Unbewusst zieht man oft falsche Schlussfolgerungen. Wer diese Verzerrungen erkennt, gelangt zu besseren Entscheidungen
Transition-to-home arrangements for very preterm infants and related parental needs at perinatal centres in Austria and Switzerland : a cross-sectional multicentred study
No full textIntroduction: The current study aims to give an overview of transition-to-home services provided by perinatal centres in Austria and Switzerland and to evaluate parental satisfaction with the care provided.
Methods: This cross-sectional multicentred study was conducted by performing two surveys between May 2022 and November 2023: one among all level III perinatal centres in Austria (n=7) and Switzerland (n=9) (institutional survey) and one among parents of very preterm infants treated at one selected perinatal centre in each of the two countries (parental survey). Both questionnaires consisted of matching questions focusing on current transition-to-home services.
Results: All perinatal centres participated in the institutional survey and 61 out of 84 parents completed the parental questionnaire (response rate 72.6%). The discharge process to home was identified as a multidisciplinary effort involving various healthcare professionals with discrepancies in responses within and between institutional and parental questionnaires. Certain disparities were observed in the timing of discharge conversations between healthcare providers and parents. Most physicians mentioned initiating discharge discussions while the child was still in the intensive care unit, but only 14.8% of parents recalled these early conversations. One-fourth of perinatal centres actively contact patients after discharge. So far, video consultations or mobile applications have not been offered. While 95.1% of parents expressed satisfaction with the care received, there were concerns about contradictory medical information, particularly regarding breastfeeding.
Conclusion: The transition-to-home process for very preterm infants presents several opportunities for improvement, especially concerning communication between healthcare providers and parents, lactation counselling services and the timely outreach to parents shortly after discharge. The findings of the current study may further improve this transition process and might aid in the development of a standardised programme that is tailored to parental needs
Berufsbildner*in: Brücken zwischen Praxis und Theorie
No full textHebammen mit aktueller Berufserfahrung haben ein vertieftes Verständnis für berufliche An- und Herausforderungen und bereichern Lehre und Forschung mit praxisrelevanten Fragestellungen und einer berufsfeldspezifischen Perspektive (Artelt & Kunter, 2019). Im Projekt EdgeLab wurde ein Weiterbildungsmodul konzipiert, das auf berufspraktischer Erfahrung basierende Lernergebnisse anrechnet. Wie das funktioniert, zeigt der folgende Artikel
Kapitalbezüge und Individualisierung in der beruflichen Vorsorge : ein Systemrisiko? (Teil I)
No full textIn der beruflichen Vorsorge ist in den letzten Jahren ein Trend hin zu Kapitalbezügen und zur Individualisierung zu beobachten. Die Entscheidung zwischen Kapital- und Rentenbezug ist schwierig und anspruchsvoll. Die Einflussfaktoren für die Kapital- resp. Rentenentscheidung sind vielfältig, sowohl rationale Gründe und strategisches Verhalten – u.a. wegen Fehlanreizen – als auch verhaltensökonomische Motive spielen eine Rolle. Nicht immer fällt die Entscheidung im besten Sinne des Versicherten aus. In der beruflichen Vorsorge trifft ein genereller gesellschaftlicher Wandel hin zur Individualisierung und Pluralisierung auf das Konzept einer kollektiven Sozialversicherung, das durch Solidaritäten und Umverteilungen gekennzeichnet ist. Dies stellt das Vorsorgesystem und den Staat vor Herausforderungen. Der Gesetzgeber und die Pensionskassen sind gefordert, Fehlanreize in der beruflichen Vorsorge und im Sozial- und Steuersystem zu vermindern und «anreizneutraler» Lösungen zu suchen
Impact of CEO's digital technology orientation and board characteristics on firm value : a signaling perspective
No full textIntegrating signaling research with the institutional perspective on capital markets, we argue that, in conditions of radical technological change, investor perceptions about firm value are enhanced by the CEO's orientation toward digital technologies that exceeds the firm's industry peers. This base relationship is moderated by board characteristics so that the board members’ digital expertise and knowledge diversity enhance the effect of the CEO's relative digital technology orientation on firm value. Furthermore, the monitoring power of independent board members who do not have digital expertise negatively moderates our baseline hypothesis, whereas board monitoring exerted by independent board members with digital expertise has a positive moderating effect. To test our theory, we use advanced natural language processing techniques to develop the CEO's relative digital technology orientation construct combined with a unique, hand-collected set of measures associated with board members’ digital expertise and knowledge diversity in a sample of S&P 500 companies. Our article offers novel insights on how technology-related signals associated with the CEO's communications to shareholders interact with board characteristics in determining investor perceptions of the firm's value in conditions of high technological uncertainty