34711 research outputs found
Sort by
The risks of adverse events with mirtazapine for adults with major depressive disorder : a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
No full textBackground: Mirtazapine is used to treat depression worldwide, and the effects of mirtazapine on depression rating scales are well-known. Our primary objective was to assess the risks of adverse events with mirtazapine for major depressive disorder.
Methods: We searched relevant sources from inception to 7 March 2024 for randomised clinical trials comparing mirtazapine versus placebo in adults with major depressive disorder. The primary outcomes were suicides or suicide attempts, serious adverse events, and non-serious adverse events. Data were synthesised using meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.
Results: We included 17 trials randomising 2,131 participants to mirtazapine versus placebo. All results were at high risk of bias, and the certainty of the evidence was very low. The included trials assessed outcomes at a maximum of 12 weeks after randomisation. Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis showed insufficient information to determine the effects of mirtazapine on the risks of suicides or suicide attempts and serious adverse events. Meta-analyses showed that mirtazapine increased the risks of somnolence, weight gain, dry mouth, dizziness, and increased appetite but decreased the risk of headaches.
Conclusions: There is a lack of evidence on the effects of mirtazapine on suicides and serious adverse events. Mirtazapine increases the risks of somnolence, weight gain, dry mouth, dizziness, and increased appetite. Mirtazapine might decrease the risk of headaches. The long-term effects of mirtazapine are unknown
Leadership dynamics in teams : the reciprocity of shared and empowering leadership
No full textUntil now, leadership has mostly been considered a unidirectional process centered on leaders influencing their followers. However, more recent theoretical developments indicate that leadership is a dynamic team process, valuing the contributions of leaders and followers alike. In this pre-registered study, we investigate the reciprocal interplay between shared leadership and formal team leadership (i.e., empowering leadership). We assume that leaders generally interpret their team’s shared leadership as an investment to reach for common goals. Accordingly, their team’s effort should improve leader trust in the team, which in turn should increase empowering leadership behavior of the leader. Furthermore, we propose that this indirect relationship is first-stage moderated by leader self-efficacy. We invited 721 team members and their leaders nested in 169 teams to join a three-wave longitudinal study. Results from Bayesian cross-lagged panel modeling support our predicted mediation effect while also showing the established reverse effect of empowering leadership on shared leadership. The moderation effect was not supported. This study provides insights into the dynamic and reciprocal interplay between shared and formal leadership. Our findings underline that formal leaders do not perceive shared leadership as a threat but instead value the team’s effort reflected in higher trust and decision latitude
Armutsbetroffene Lebenswelten zwischen Existenzsicherung und Bildung
No full textIst es die fehlende Bildung, die in die Armut führt? Oder ist es die Armut, die Bildung verhindert? Spielt beides zusammen - und wenn ja, wie? Diese Fragen sind insbesondere mit Blick auf die zielführenden sozialpolitischen Handlungsansätze entscheidend, in denen Armuts- und Bildungspolitik oftmals getrennt voneinander gedacht werden
Electrochemical interface model coupling oxygen reduction and degradation reactions in the cathode catalyst layer of a PEMFC
No full textReferences:
1. J. Huang et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 120 (2016), 25, 13587–13595
2. J. Huang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 20 (2018), 17, 11776–11786
3. H. A. Hansen et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 118 (2014), 13, 6706–6718
4. A. Kregar et al., J. Power Sources, 514 (2021), 230542Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are a promising technology to electrify heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, current technologies do not meet the requirements of HDVs, especially concerning durability and efficiency. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) is the single most important contribution to activation losses in PEMFCs, thus representing a significant factor to performance losses. Furthermore, parasitic side reactions in the CCL lead to a long-term performance degradation. Here we consider carbon corrosion reactions in the CCL, which weaken the structural integrity of the microstructure and can ultimately induce a collapse of the carbon support, thereby significantly altering transport resistances. Additionally, the formation of hydrogen peroxide, which is an important reactant in chemical membrane degradation reactions, is explicitly taken into account. In [2] a unified framework for the ORR was presented, where the surface reactions are coupled to a double layer model [1], which accounts for the formation of oxide and water layers on the Pt surface. By this, the model could account for the local chemical environment at the reaction plane and predict the non-monotonic surface charge behaviour of the Pt surface. In the current study, we are extending previous models of the electrochemical interface by considering a coupled reaction network, which models the ORR [2], hydrogen peroxide formation [3], and carbon corrosion reactions [4] as illustrated in Figure 1. The model parameterization based on literature data is improved using CV and polarization measurements to reflect material properties. We are investigating the impact of local operating conditions on the performance and degradation reactions and deduce recommendations for material improvements. Furthermore, the developed model is used to improve the parameterization of a macrohomogeneous cell-scale model
Analysis of 1D NMR spectra with 2D image processing techniques
No full textRapid advances in NMR spectroscopy instrumentation demand powerful analysis techniques to be implemented to cope with the development. These include extracting patterns from the data acquired, such as images and 1D spectra. Furthermore, deep learning models have shown to be very powerful in extracting patterns from such data. However, current analysis techniques include several manual steps to label the data, which are usually time-consuming and crucially dependent on expert knowledge. Therefore, this paper aims to demonstrate the applicability of neural networks for extracting different spectral structures and specially, investigating an analysis approach, inherited from 2D image processing, to determine its usefulness in feature extraction from 1D spectroscopy data. The approach utilizes bounding-box algorithms, same as in image recognition, to recognize patterns in 1D spectra
Ausbildung zu settingorientierter Gesundheitsförderung als Grundlage für die Praxisimplementierung : Ansätze zum Capacity Building für Gesundheitsförderung in Österreich und der Schweiz
No full textEinleitung: Eine gesundheitsförderliche Lebenswelt wird in der Gesundheitsförderung (GF) über den Settingansatz geschaffen. Für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung braucht es gut ausgebildete Fachkräfte im Feld der GF. Studien zeigen ein diverses Bild bezüglich Lehrinhalte und Ausbildungsformen in der GF. Ebenso zeigt sich, dass Interventionen teilweise wenig settingorientiert, sondern oft individuumsbezogen sind.
Ziel: Ziel ist daher, Ansätze zur Stärkung der settingorientierten GF in der Ausbildung zu identifizieren. Impulse zu aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bereich der GF-Ausbildung aus Österreich und der Schweiz stellen die Grundlage für einen weiteren Austausch im D I A I CH Raum dar. Es wird bezweckt, Wege zu identifizieren, wie in Zusammenarbeit zwischen Ausbildungsorganisationen, Praxis, Wissenschaft und Politik die Umsetzung des Settingansatzes vermehrt implementiert werden kann.
Ergebnis und Schlussfolgerungen: Die Gesundheit Österreich GmbH bearbeitet Capacity Building für GF mit dem Schwerpunkt Ausbildung mittels Mapping von Angeboten und Akteur:innen, einem partizipativ erstellten Diskussionspaper mit Entwicklungsperspektiven und der Erhebung von Ausbildungsinhalten. Ansätze zur Weiterentwicklung der GF-Lehre werden mit Blick auf die Kernkompetenz der settingorientierten GF präsentiert und Beispiele aus der Lehrpraxis in Diskussion gebracht. In der Schweiz widmet die Fachgruppe GF von Public Health Schweiz ihre Arbeit dem Thema Capacity Building für GF. Dazu erfolgte ein Mapping zu GF-Ausbildung, auf dem aufbauend Expert:innenworkshops mit Hochschulen durchgeführt werden zur Entwicklung von Zukunftsperspektiven der GF-Ausbildung in der Schweiz. Aufbauend auf diesen Arbeiten werden folgende Fragen diskutiert: Welchen Beitrag kann die Ausbildung und Forschung zur zielgerichteten Implementierung des Settingansatzes in der Praxis leisten? Welche Good-Practice Beispiele gibt es derzeit für die settingorientierter GF-Lehre? Welche Maßnahmen braucht es dazu von Seiten der Policy
“The Federal Supreme Court has always ...” : an analysis of Supreme Court practices vis-a-vis freedom of assembly during the Corona pandemic
No full textDer vorliegende Beitrag untersucht mit korpuslinguistischen Methoden die Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichts zur Versammlungsfreiheit in der Corona-Pandemie. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich das höchste Gericht in diesen Urteilen signifikant mehr auf Lehre und Rechtsprechung abstützt, als dies in seiner sonstigen Praxis der Fall ist. Überdies kann aufgezeigt werden, dass die Anzahl der Referenzen in der Praxis des Bundesgerichts zur Versammlungsfreiheit über die Zeit generell steigt.
This paper examines the Federal Court‘s case law on the freedom of assembly during the Corona Pandemic using corpus linguistic methods. The analysis shows that the highest court in the land relies significantly more on doctrine and case law in these decisions than it does in its usual practice. Moreover, it can be shown that the number of references to the freedom of assembly in the Federal Court‘s practice generally increases over time
3D Master-basierte Methode zur Optimierung der Kostenkalkulation von PBF-LB/M-Fertigteilen
No full textThe 3D Master method streamlines the transfer of product information from design to production, utilizing 3D model files containing Product Manufacturing Information (PMI). This approach facili-tates direct access to crucial data for metal additive manufacturing (MAM) parts, including materials, geometric dimensions, and tolerances (GD&T) for each manufacturing step. By leveraging this data, the 3D Master method enables the automation of accurate cost evaluation.
This paper introduces a method leveraging the 3D Master to automate precise manufacturing cost calculation for MAM parts using powder-based fusion (PBF) processes. It proposes a frame based on the quality level of the data provided by the customer to quantify the accuracy of the estimated cost, thanks to a performance index (KPI). A build cost model based on an optimal volumetric energy density calculation is achieved through a theoretical and statistical approach is also provided. The study, conducted on 20 reference MAM parts of varying geometrical complexities, demonstrates a relative deviation of normalized actual and calculated cost difference below 10 %.
This cost model and the KPI give solid foundations for the service provider to assess the production cost at the early stages of the production process and lay the groundwork for a commercial online service platform offering reliable and adapted quotes for AM part production within minutes
The power of hydropeaking : trade-offs between flexible hydropower and river ecosystem services in Europe
No full textThe operational practice of “hydropeaking” allows hydropower plants to cover peaks and deficits in energy demand, but it also impacts river ecosystems. The assessment of hydropeaking impacts plays an important role in safeguarding ecosystem services, but is challenging due to the relative importance of impacts at different sites. To compare impacts in hydropeaking rivers, we elicit expert judgment on the relative impacts of hydropeaking on river ecosystem services. Using the best-worst scaling (BWS) method, we compare the impact on the three categories of river ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating and cultural). Our respondents include 98 hy dropower experts. Our analysis accounted for individual heterogeneity to assess how perceptions vary across regions, attitudes and representative river characteristics. We find trade-offs between provisioning and regu lating services at the regional and local levels, which represents a key issue in dealing with climate change and ecosystem degradation. The best-affected services were water for power generation, raw materials, water for industrial activities and water for irrigation. The worst-affected services were fisheries and aquaculture, main tenance of population and habitat, and wild animals. Our results have implications for the safeguarding of river ecosystem services and the design of regulatory and incentive schemes for mitigation