OJS Karolinum (Charles University)
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Přehled matematických soutěží pro žáky 2. stupně ZŠ i studenty SŠ
No full textMatematické soutěže mohou být zajímavým a účinným nástrojem, jak zvýšit zájem studentů o matematiku. Celkem představíme 35 matematických soutěží, které jsou v tuto chvíli dostupné pro žáky a studenty základních a středních škol. V tomto článku je uvedeno 9 matematických soutěží určených žákům 2. stupně ZŠ i studentům SŠ. Toto je třetí část ze série článků pojednávajících o matematických soutěžích
Jak Frank Wilcoxon pomohl statistikům objevit neparametrické testy II
No full textMezi často používané neparametrické testy statistické významnosti patří Wicoxonovy testy. Autorem matematického modelu, na kterém jsou tyto testy založeny, je americký statistik Frank Wilcoxon (1892 – 1965). Článek popisuje podstatu a vznik těchto testů, zejména Wilcoxonova dvouvýběrového testu, v matematickém a historickém kontextu
Volemanová, M. (2023). Dyslexie! Nebo ne? Aneb jak primární reflexy ovlivní vývoj vidění [Dyslexia! Isn\u27t it? Or how primary reflexes affect the development of vision]
No full textDisagreement with the conclusions of the Background Study of Art Education in Frame Document for Elementary Education
No full textNesouhlasné stanovisko se závěry Podkladové studie Výtvarná výchova RVP ZVDisagreement with the conclusions of the Background Study of Art Education in Frame Document for Elementary Educatio
The Positive Representations of Muslims in Castile in the 13th Century
Get PDFReprezentace muslimů ve středověké Kastilii byly obvykle interpretovány v pejorativním smyslu, kdy křesťané označovali druhé za méněcenné nebo negativní (špatné, hříšné atd.). V tomto konkrétním případě však prameny ze 13. století ukazují, že - ačkoli méně často - existovaly i pozitivní reprezentace muslimů, obývajících Pyrenejský poloostrov. Tato studie se zabývá vznikem, účelem a časovými aspekty reprezentací. Zkoumá pozitivní uplatnění těchto reprezentací a především zkoumá, jak jsou artikulovány v širším reprezentačním rámci „jiného“. Tato analýza přispívá k teoretickým diskusím o jinakosti a konkrétně se zabývá otázkou, zda projevování se „jiného“ vůči „já“ vede k potenciální ztrátě alterity.The representations of Muslims in medieval Castile have generally been interpreted under a pejorative connotation, in which Christians identified the other as inferior or as negative (bad, sinful, etc.). However, in this particular case, the 13th-century sources show that, although less frequent, there were also positive representations of the Muslims who inhabited the Iberian Peninsula. This article delves into the creation, purpose, and temporal aspects of representations. It explores the positive applications of these representations and, most importantly, examines how they are articulated within the broader representational framework of the "other." This analysis contributes to theoretical discussions on otherness, specifically addressing whether the manifestation of the other to the self leads to a potential loss of their alterity
Bedřich W. Lowenstein, Wir und die Anderen. Historische und kultursoziologische Betrachtungen
No full textRecenzeBook revie
What do Historical Representations Represent? Gnoseological Scepticism between Assertion and Performance
No full textThe study is concerned with the question of literary historical representations in fiction around 1900 and towards the end of the 20th century. It compares the nature and form of the gnoseological scepticism about the possibilities and meaning of historical knowledge articulated by writers in both these periods. On the basis of a number of texts from Czech, French and British literature the author shows that the genre known as "historical metafiction", which is one medium for the expression of such scepticism, is not just a product of the later 20th century as might appear from the studies by Linda Hutcheon or Ansgar Nünning. Similar reflective texts had been written at the turn of the 19th/20th century, when in the context of the deepening crisis of historicism, writers had expressed a gnoseological scepticism similar to that of contemporary writers influenced by post-modernism. The writers in the early period employed rather different literary strategies, however, and their transformation can be defined as a shift from assertion to performance.The study is concerned with the question of literary historical representations in fiction around 1900 and towards the end of the 20th century. It compares the nature and form of the gnoseological scepticism about the possibilities and meaning of historical knowledge articulated by writers in both these periods. On the basis of a number of texts from Czech, French and British literature the author shows that the genre known as "historical metafiction", which is one medium for the expression of such scepticism, is not just a product of the later 20th century as might appear from the studies by Linda Hutcheon or Ansgar Nünning. Similar reflective texts had been written at the turn of the 19th/20th century, when in the context of the deepening crisis of historicism, writers had expressed a gnoseological scepticism similar to that of contemporary writers influenced by post-modernism. The writers in the early period employed rather different literary strategies, however, and their transformation can be defined as a shift from assertion to performance
A.J.P. Taylor and his The Origins of the Second World War
No full textThe article looks at the now already legendary work by the prominent British historian A.J.P. Taylor The Origins of the Second World War. At the tie of its publication (1961) the book challenged the conventional academic view of Hitler that saw him simply as an embodiment of evil, responsible for the Second World War. By contrast Taylor presented Hitler as an opportunist who exploited disputes between the great European powers and strove for dominance in Europe but did not wish to unleash a world war, instead hoping just to provoke a series of short localised conflicts to achieve his objective. The second part of the article is devoted to the extensive discussion that followed the publication of Taylor´s controversial book.The article looks at the now already legendary work by the prominent British historian A.J.P. Taylor The Origins of the Second World War. At the tie of its publication (1961) the book challenged the conventional academic view of Hitler that saw him simply as an embodiment of evil, responsible for the Second World War. By contrast Taylor presented Hitler as an opportunist who exploited disputes between the great European powers and strove for dominance in Europe but did not wish to unleash a world war, instead hoping just to provoke a series of short localised conflicts to achieve his objective. The second part of the article is devoted to the extensive discussion that followed the publication of Taylor´s controversial book
National Categories and Contemporary Historiography
No full textThis article is concerned with the social and cultural conditions underlying the continuing important role of concepts of national history. This continuing viability means that concepts that are ever more strikingly emerging as an alternative to national histories are actually failing to challenge them and often in fact derive from nationalist categories (regional history as the history of regions within nations and so on). The basic circumstances underlying the demand for national histories continue to be considered problematised, but the importance of national identities for European societies remains one of the decisive factors here. In regard to national histories, therefore, the situation offers historiography an extensive but at the same time very problematic opportunity for the legitimisation of the discipline. The article is focused on European trends specifically since the end of the 1980s with particular attention to Czech historiography. In this context, it then touches on several important discussions and disputes in Czech historiography over the last 15 years.This article is concerned with the social and cultural conditions underlying the continuing important role of concepts of national history. This continuing viability means that concepts that are ever more strikingly emerging as an alternative to national histories are actually failing to challenge them and often in fact derive from nationalist categories (regional history as the history of regions within nations and so on). The basic circumstances underlying the demand for national histories continue to be considered problematised, but the importance of national identities for European societies remains one of the decisive factors here. In regard to national histories, therefore, the situation offers historiography an extensive but at the same time very problematic opportunity for the legitimisation of the discipline. The article is focused on European trends specifically since the end of the 1980s with particular attention to Czech historiography. In this context, it then touches on several important discussions and disputes in Czech historiography over the last 15 years
