OJS Karolinum (Charles University)
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The Museum Of Anthropology And Ethnography Saint Petersburg And The Temporalization Of The Russian Empire
Get PDFFocusing on imperial depictions of the Amur region, this article examines the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Saint Petersburg (MAE) as a central agent in the production and institutionalization of images of empire. Within the walls of this museum, the imperial elites of Saint Petersburg-based geographers, ethnographers, curators, and museum visitors imagined and constructed the only recently conquered far-eastern portion of the Russian Empire as not only a spatially, but also temporally remote place. Carefully arranged according to the logic of evolutionary anthropology, the exhibition resonated well with the interests of the avant-garde artist and art critic Vladimir Markov, who searched for “primitive art” and visited the collection in 1913. Influenced by the most recent publications of his contemporaries on the interconnections between aesthetics and psychology, Markov found that the objects perfectly embodied the pureness and timelessness he was looking for.Focusing on imperial depictions of the Amur region, this article examines the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Saint Petersburg (MAE) as a central agent in the production and institutionalization of images of empire. Within the walls of this museum, the imperial elites of Saint Petersburg-based geographers, ethnographers, curators, and museum visitors imagined and constructed the only recently conquered far-eastern portion of the Russian Empire as not only a spatially, but also temporally remote place. Carefully arranged according to the logic of evolutionary anthropology, the exhibition resonated well with the interests of the avant-garde artist and art critic Vladimir Markov, who searched for “primitive art” and visited the collection in 1913. Influenced by the most recent publications of his contemporaries on the interconnections between aesthetics and psychology, Markov found that the objects perfectly embodied the pureness and timelessness he was looking for
The Possibilities of Measuring the Vitality of Local Communities through Dwellings
Get PDFThis article approaches the concept of the “vitality of local communities” and the possibilities of its measurement. It describes the efforts of researchers to define vitality at the level of regions, cities, or even neighborhoods. With the advent of new technologies, we are experiencing an increase in possibilities and tools to visualize vitality in the form of maps or interactive databases. We are witness to numerous projects that explore the vitality of communities in the USA and Canada, but this approach has penetrated the rest of the world only to a lesser extent and in a significantly altered form. The article notes a selected parameter – the dwellings that people build, adapt, or abandon. Dwellings are a well-researched feature from various anthropological perspectives even historically. Thanks to this, it is possible to quantify the level of vitality of cities through houses. We have much data from field research in a specific location in South-Central Slovakia. With the help of said data, it will be possible to create a locally adapted tool for measuring the vitality of the local community. It can be used as an indicator of the quality of life in terms of local policy-making, urban planning, or development forecasting. Therefore, it can be an important tool in the study of depopulating regions.This article approaches the concept of the “vitality of local communities” and the possibilities of its measurement. It describes the efforts of researchers to define vitality at the level of regions, cities, or even neighborhoods. With the advent of new technologies, we are experiencing an increase in possibilities and tools to visualize vitality in the form of maps or interactive databases. We are witness to numerous projects that explore the vitality of communities in the USA and Canada, but this approach has penetrated the rest of the world only to a lesser extent and in a significantly altered form. The article notes a selected parameter – the dwellings that people build, adapt, or abandon. Dwellings are a well-researched feature from various anthropological perspectives even historically. Thanks to this, it is possible to quantify the level of vitality of cities through houses. We have much data from field research in a specific location in South-Central Slovakia. With the help of said data, it will be possible to create a locally adapted tool for measuring the vitality of the local community. It can be used as an indicator of the quality of life in terms of local policy-making, urban planning, or development forecasting. Therefore, it can be an important tool in the study of depopulating regions
Pavel Horák: Návrat starých bohů. Od falešného náboženství k modernímu pohanství
Get PDFA review of the book by Marek Suchý.A review of the book by Marek Suchý
“Can Corpses Undie?” Traces of Rothberg’s Trauma Model in Faridah Àbíké-Íyímídé’s Ace of Spades
Get PDFInterdisciplinary studies in memory have become more relevant since the turn of the twentieth century with scholars giving their divergent views. That way, personal and collective memories have been explored vis-à-vis communal identities. How tragic/traumatic events affect personal and collective memories remains the concern of trauma theory which has critically investigated both the personal and intergenerational traumas of victims of injustice. One major contribution of Michael Rothberg to collective memory is his advancement of solidarity between group victims of diverse cultures, nationalities, races, and identities in order to create a more peaceful world to live in. This paper purports that Rothberg’s multidirectional memory and theory of implication are useful theoretical tools for analysing Faridah Àbíké-Íyímídé’s Young Adult novel, Ace of Spades (2021). The paper, therefore, indicates how diverse sites of trauma in the author’s world synergise with those of the protagonists. Also, the paper notably identifies some white characters in Ace of Spades as implicated subjects of racism and white supremacy. On the whole, the premise of this paper is that the new media can serve as a convenient site of thoughtful convergence for different victim groups to devise a means of dismantling long-existing regimes of oppression and injustice
Mylné představy o nule u studentů učitelství 1. stupně ZŠ
No full textVybudování správné představy o čísle nula u žáků 1. stupně se může v učivu matematiky jevit jako obtížný moment. Mnohé výzkumy v minulosti prokázaly, že nejen žáci a studenti, ale i někteří učitelé matematiky mají mylné představy o nule, jejichž důsledkem je chybné zavádění čísla nula v hodinách matematiky. Tento fenomén pak může přispět k výskytu potíží u některých žáků v aritmetice v případech, kdy provádějí operace s čísly, v jejichž zápisu je nula zahrnuta.
Cílem článku je představit výsledky dotazníkového šetření, které odhalují obtíže, s jakými se mohou potýkat studenti čtvrtého ročníku učitelství 1. stupně při popisu postupu zavádění čísla nula ve výuce matematiky v prvním ročníku ZŠ. V souvislosti s tímto šetřením autorka poukazuje na odkryté mezery, které tito studenti vykazují při formulaci pojmu nula jako početnosti prázdné množiny. Tato studie by se mohla stát inspirativní a užitečnou pro studenty učitelství matematiky a učitele na 1. stupni ZŠ
Th e Use of Media in the Autonomous Learning of Czech as a Foreign Language by Persons with International Protection
No full textČlánek představuje výsledky šetření, které proběhlo mezi osobami s mezinárodní ochranou v České republice v letech 2020–2022 a bylo zaměřeno na otázku využívání médií při autonomním učení se češtiny jako cizího jazyka. Hlavním cílem bylo zjistit, nakolik se z pohledu osob s mezinárodní ochranou projevil nástup nových médií v autonomním, ale i řízeném rozvoji řečových dovedností v češtině jako druhém jazyku, a – pokud došlo k zásadním změnám – na které dovednosti je nutno se v integračních jazykových kurzech češtiny nově zaměřit.
Metody – V rámci šetření proběhlo celkem 27 strukturovaných rozhovorů s kvalifikováním odpovědí v dotazníku, které byly posléze interpretovány na základě fenomenologické analýzy.
Výsledky a závěry – Z šetření vyplynulo, že osoby s mezinárodní ochranou jsou dobře obeznámeny s možnostmi využití médií při autonomním učení se češtiny a že za tímto účelem cíleně využívají jak tradiční, tak nová média. Současně bylo možno vysledovat, že jsou si vědomy rozdílů v rozvoji jednotlivých řečových dovedností. Zejména rozvoj produktivních dovedností, tedy mluvení a psaní, očekávají od jazykových integračních kurzů nabízených státem.Objectives – The article presents the results of a survey that took place among persons with international protection in the Czech Republic in the years 2020–2022 and focused on the use of media in the autonomous learning of Czech as a foreign language. The primary objective was to investigate how the evolution of new media impacts the independent and regulated development of language competences in the Czech language, as perceived by individuals with international protection. Additionally, in the event of significant changes, the study aimed to identify the specificskills that should be emphasized in integration language courses of Czech as a second language.
Methods – As part of the investigation, a total of 27 structured interviews and corresponding number of survey entries were interpreted on the basis of phenomenological analysis.
Results and conclusions – The investigation showed that persons with international protection are well aware of the possibilities of using media in autonomous learning of Czech as their second language and that they use both traditional and new media for this purpose. At the same time, it was possible to trace that they are aware of the diff erences in the development of individual language competences. In particular, they expect the development of output competences, i.e. speaking and writing, from language integration courses offered by the state
Discussion around the Francoise Mayer´s Book "The Czechs and Their Communism": Pro koho by měla být vysokoškolská výuka historie
No full textThis discussion contribution focuses on three questions inspired by Francoise Mayer´s book. Was the Velvet Revolution really a revolution (and hence: is the Czech exception in Central Europe really an exception?); what can the sociologist do when the historians have not yet done their job?; and can one forget genuine reality, i.e. socio-economic history? The contribution aimed to stress that despite the considerable quality and usefulness of Mayer´s book, any kind of sociology of post-communist society will remain inadequate unless backed by sufficient research in the field of the social history of communist and specifically here the relationship of Czech society to communism. One secondary and negative effect of the lack of such studies is the tendency for current debate (fascinating but rather irrelevant and generally very provincial) on Czech collective memory of the period of communism to concentrate on the question of Czech character or on the question of the "mission" of the Czech historian. But arguably the historian is more useful when actually doing research than when endlessly reflecting on his own character.This discussion contribution focuses on three questions inspired by Francoise Mayer´s book. Was the Velvet Revolution really a revolution (and hence: is the Czech exception in Central Europe really an exception?); what can the sociologist do when the historians have not yet done their job?; and can one forget genuine reality, i.e. socio-economic history? The contribution aimed to stress that despite the considerable quality and usefulness of Mayer´s book, any kind of sociology of post-communist society will remain inadequate unless backed by sufficient research in the field of the social history of communist and specifically here the relationship of Czech society to communism. One secondary and negative effect of the lack of such studies is the tendency for current debate (fascinating but rather irrelevant and generally very provincial) on Czech collective memory of the period of communism to concentrate on the question of Czech character or on the question of the "mission" of the Czech historian. But arguably the historian is more useful when actually doing research than when endlessly reflecting on his own character
Reprieve Instead of Death (in Trials of Gypsies in Bohemia in the First Half of the 18th Century) or how not to Count History
No full textThis article is concerned with the persecution of Gypsies in Bohemia in the first third of the 18th century. As in other European countries, in cases where Gypsies had been already formally expelled from a land, Gypsy vagabondage was defined and punished as a capital crime. The article does not forget this normative aspect of the theme, but it nonetheless concentrates on the actual practice of persecution and above all on cases in which condemned Gypsies begged for mercy and their death penalty was in fact reduced to a more moderate punishment. The author also looks at the extensive powers of reprieve that the Prague Apellate Court (in the case of Gypsy vagabondage the tribunal of first instance), was granted by the ruler in the 1720s. Condemned Gypsies were not explicitly mentioned in this context, but there is plenty of evidence that they were not excluded from this practice of reprieve. The article criticises the view of the persecution of Gypsies that is based solely on the quantification of incomplete data in the manuals of condemnation of the Apellate Court. These books not only fail to indicate when the condemned were later reprieved, but also do not allow us to reliably identify individuals condemned. There are examples of one person appearing several times in them, sometimes under different names. It is this misleading quantified evidence that has helped give rise to the idea that the persecution of Gypsies in the early modern period was the first stage of the Gypsy Holocaust ini the 20th century. The article argues, on the contrary, that in relation to persecution the pre-modern differed from the modern state not only in terms of capacity, but fundamentally.This article is concerned with the persecution of Gypsies in Bohemia in the first third of the 18th century. As in other European countries, in cases where Gypsies had been already formally expelled from a land, Gypsy vagabondage was defined and punished as a capital crime. The article does not forget this normative aspect of the theme, but it nonetheless concentrates on the actual practice of persecution and above all on cases in which condemned Gypsies begged for mercy and their death penalty was in fact reduced to a more moderate punishment. The author also looks at the extensive powers of reprieve that the Prague Apellate Court (in the case of Gypsy vagabondage the tribunal of first instance), was granted by the ruler in the 1720s. Condemned Gypsies were not explicitly mentioned in this context, but there is plenty of evidence that they were not excluded from this practice of reprieve. The article criticises the view of the persecution of Gypsies that is based solely on the quantification of incomplete data in the manuals of condemnation of the Apellate Court. These books not only fail to indicate when the condemned were later reprieved, but also do not allow us to reliably identify individuals condemned. There are examples of one person appearing several times in them, sometimes under different names. It is this misleading quantified evidence that has helped give rise to the idea that the persecution of Gypsies in the early modern period was the first stage of the Gypsy Holocaust ini the 20th century. The article argues, on the contrary, that in relation to persecution the pre-modern differed from the modern state not only in terms of capacity, but fundamentally
