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Evaluation of a novel fuzzy sequential pattern recognition tool (fuzzy elastic matching machine) and its applications in speech and handwriting recognition
No full textSequential pattern recognition has long been an important topic of soft computing research with a wide area of applications including speech and handwriting recognition. In this paper, the performance of a novel fuzzy sequential pattern recognition tool named “Fuzzy Elastic Matching Machine” has been investigated. This tool overcomes the shortcomings of the HMM including its inflexible mathematical structure and inconsistent mathematical assumptions with imprecise input data. To do so, “Fuzzy Elastic Pattern” was introduced as the basic element of FEMM. It models the elasticity property of input data using fuzzy vectors. A sequential pattern such as a word in speech or a piece of writing is treated as a sequence of parts in which each part has an elastic nature (i.e. can skew or stretch depending on the speaker/writer's style). To present FEMM as a sequential pattern recognition tool, three basic problems, including evaluation, assignment, and training problems, were defined and their solutions were presented for FEMMs. Finally, we implemented FEMM for speech and handwriting recognition on some large databases including TIMIT database and Dr. Kabir's Persian handwriting database. In speech recognition, FEMM achieved 71% and 75.5% recognition rates in phone and word recognition, respectively. Also, 75.9% recognition accuracy was obtained in Persian handwriting recognition. The results indicated 18.2% higher recognition speed and 9–16% more immunity to noise in speech recognition in addition to 5% higher recognition rate in handwriting recognition compared to the HMM
Konstruktion von Sprache und Sprachwissen. Eine empirische Studie zur Schriftsprachaneignung sprachstarker und sprachschwacher Kinder
No full textDas Buch geht empirisch der Frage nach, worin sich sprachstarke und sprachschwache Kinder beim Schreiben unterscheiden. Die Untersuchung erweitert den Fokus damit über das wissenschaftlich vertieft untersuchte Lernalter als ausschlaggebenden Faktor für die interindividuelle Variation hinaus auf die globale Sprachkompetenz. Vor dem Hintergrund eines dynamischen Sprachansatzes untersucht die Studie das Schreiben als sprachliches Handeln und legt als Untersuchungskorpus nicht nur die Kindertexte als Ergebnis des Schreibens, sondern auch den Schreibprozess sowie die metasprachliche Kompetenz der Kinder zugrunde. Bei der Datenerhebung und Auswertung kamen sowohl standardisierte Sprachstandsmessungen, Schreibanlässe für das freie Schreiben, psychologische Tests sowie Fragebögen zum Einsatz. Die Schreibprozesse wurden durch Keystroke Logging erhoben, wodurch sämtliche Revisionen sowie der zeitliche Verlauf des Schreibens auf dem PC aufgezeichnet wurden. Mit der Kombination der verschiedenen Verfahren zeigt die Studie damit auch methodisch neue Zugänge zur Erforschung der Schriftsprachkompetenz auf
Bringing Space into the Equation: Modelling Social and Spatial Interdependence in Neighborhood Effect Studies
No full textWhile there is an ever-growing body of research on neighborhood effects on various forms of life chances, the suggested social mechanisms still refer to rather ambiguous theoretical concepts. Furthermore, previous research seldom adequately models the suggested social interdependence at the individual level. Instead, researchers largely rely on contextual regression models. This paper addresses both problems by using spatial econometrics to reconstruct neighborhood effects in terms of interdependent social action. To this end, a rational action model of neighborhood effects on educational outcomes is elaborated as a theoretical alternative. Furthermore, using data on the transition to secondary school in Switzerland as an illustration, spatial probit models are estimated to directly test neighborhood effects at the individual level. It can be shown how the interdependence of parental educational motivation within neighborhoods crucially shapes students’ transition to the more advantageous school track, thereby revealing an additional path by which educational inequalities are reproduced
Moralische Erziehung und die Förderung moralischer Erziehungskompetenzen in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung
No full textAufbau der wissenschaftlichen Kompetenzen in den Fachdidaktiken: Gelingt es, das Versprechen einzulösen?
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Studierendenmobilität aus einer Langzeitperspektive: Ausländische Studierende an Schweizer Universitäten im 20. Jahrhundert
No full text„Klima“ und „Umwelt“: Potenziale der Peripatetischen Methode – inspiriert von H. D. Thoreau
No full textMédiation et didactique des langues : quelles conceptualisations pour quelles interventions? Encadrement de la mobilité dans la formation initiale des médiateurs de langue(s) et culture(s): recensement des pratiques institutionnelles suisses
Get PDFIl semble admis que pour porter leurs fruits au sein de la formation initiale des médiateurs de langue(s) et culture(s), les semestres d’échange académique se doivent d’être encadrés. Cet article propose un tour d’horizon des différentes pratiques institutionnelles d’encadrement de la mobilité, recensées auprès des Hautes Écoles Pédagogiques suisses, c’est-à-dire les instituts universitaires de formation initiale des enseignants du primaire.Everybody seems to agree that the experiences as an exchanged student need to be supervised to benefit best the training of pre-service language teachers and mediators but who does what in this field? This article reviews the practices - in terms of institutional learning environment offered to supervise mobility - of the different primary-school teacher-training programs in Switzerland